scholarly journals Influence of cognitive styles on coping behaviour and protective mechanisms of personality

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Marina A. Krylova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Life Situation ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Coping Behaviour ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Coping

The article presents theoretical and empirical studies of cognitive styles, mental representation, coping behaviour and mechanisms of psychological defence. The influence of cognitive styles is described: rigid/flexible cognitive control, narrow/wide range of equivalence, cognitive simplicity/complexity on coping behaviour and defence mechanisms. The tendency of respondents with flexible cognitive control to assess a difficult life situation through time characteristics, to associate it with solvability and safety is revealed. In coping behaviour, they choose Self-control, Social support, Acceptance of responsibility. Cognitive simplicity/complexity is characterised by predictability, solvability and the possibility of changing the situation. Respondents belonging to a narrow range of equivalence assess the situation in terms of completeness and saturation. It is revealed that the protective and coping behaviour in a difficult life situation depends on the specifics of the mental representation of those possessing cognitive-style characteristics. It is concluded that mental representation can be a link between cognitive styles and coping behaviour.

scholarly journals NARROW VS WIDE RANGE OF EQUIVALENCE AND REGULATION OF ACTIVITY IN DIFFICULT LIFE SITUATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Marina A. Krylova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Problem Situation ◽  
Life Situation ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Regulation Of Activity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents theoretical and empirical studies of cognitive and stylistic characteristics of a person and their connection with the regulation of activity (coping behaviour, mechanisms of psychological protection). The problem of mental representation of a difficult life situation is raised. It is said that the link between the cognitive and stylistic characteristics of the individual and coping, protective mechanisms, is the assessment of the situation, its mental representation. The paper describes the results of a study of a narrow vs wide range of equivalence, assessment by representatives of different cognitive poles of difficult life situations, the relationship with coping and psychological defences. Significant differences in the regulation of personal activity in a problem situation are revealed. Thus, respondents with a wide range of equivalence (n=32) are more likely to resort to coping strategies such as Escape-Avoidance, Distancing and Confrontational coping. In defence mechanisms, they prefer Substitution, Reactive formations, and Displacement. In assessments of the situation, they are less likely to give such characteristics: Good, Full, Bright. It is also statistically proven that there are a small number of relationships in this group between the assessment of the situation and the regulation of activity. It is concluded that respondents with a narrow range of equivalence (n=38) give a more diverse assessment of a difficult life situation, which does not always contribute to a quick solution of the problem.

scholarly journals Cognitive styles and coping behavior

2019 ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
Tat'yana A. Dudnikova
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Coping Behaviour ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Social Coping ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
And Coping

Features of association of traditional cognitive styles with 18 coping strategies are considered in this article. 3 factors on cognitive styles and 3 factors on coping strategies were allocated. Repeated factorisation was carried out for communication existence confirmation. 3 factors with the following interrelations were revealed – field independent, with narrow range equivalence, flexible, reflective, with abstract conceptualisation and tolerant of unrealistic experience – such people seldom use unproductive coping behaviour styles; field dependent, with narrow range equivalence, rigid, reflective, with concrete conceptualisation and intolerant of unrealistic experience; such people are inclined to equal extent of use of both productive and unproductive coping behaviour styles; social coping behaviour styles are used to a lesser extent; people with a wide range of equivalence, rigid, impulsive and intolerant ones use more social coping behaviourstyles, resorting to productive style just occasionally.

scholarly journals Interrelation between parents’ and children’s cognitive styles in primary school and early adolescence

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-370
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Bydrina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Wide Range

The study aims to test the following hypothesis: cognitive styles (CS) of a mother and father are selectively associated with the severity of a child’s CS in primary school and early adolescence. As part of research for children’s CS (carried out by the method of longitudinal sections), data was collected on the problem of conjugation between parents’ and children’s style characteris- tics. CS were analyzed: impulsiveness — reflexivity (using the method “Comparison of similar drawings” by J.Kagan), field dependence — field independence (method “Gottschaldt’s Fig- ures”), rigid — flexible cognitive control (method “Verbal-color interference” by J. Stroop), narrow-wide range of equivalence (method “Free sorting of words” by V.Kolga). The sample consisted of 24 full families (48 parents) and their children (12 sons and 12 daughters); the hypothesis was tested using factor analysis of CS indicators. The obtained results indicate that in primary school and junior adolescence a child’s CS impulsiveness — reflexivity maintains a connection with the father’s CS, and in the CS field dependence — field independence in younger adolescence — with the mother’s CS, and in both styles this relationship has a positive character. In CS flexible-rigid cognitive control and in CS narrow — wide range of equivalence at the primary school age, both parents influence the formation of a child’s CS. In regard to CS in early adolescence, children and parents are no longer interconnected. It can be assumed that this indicates a different nature of СS: some styles are basic, and the connection with that this indicates a different nature of СS: some styles are basic, and the connection with the father or mother will, to one degree or another, persist in the future. And other styles are social, and with age their formation will be influenced by their social environment. Thus, this study raises questions about the need to clarify mechanisms for the formation of style behavior in ontogenesis, in particular, the influence of the family microenvironment factor. This factor can expand opportunities in the study of individual characteristics of mental activity, and also be taken into account in practical areas such as education, pedagogy, child psychology, etc.

scholarly journals RESOURCE APPROACH TO OVERCOMING TEACHERS’ PROFESSIONAL AND DAILY DIFFICULTIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
A. V Kandaurova
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Professional Group ◽  
Coping Behaviour ◽  
Adaptive Process ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Emotional Burnout

The dynamically changingmodern world brings various professional and everyday difficulties. Educators, who perform a noble and socially important mission of preparing the younger generation for adult life, deserve special attention as they experience professional stagnation and emotional burnout. The theoretical analysis of literature sourceand the results of empirical studies suggest that the determinants of subjective experience in coping with difficult life situations, stress, and risks of change, are social andlife experience, traditions, factors of the socio-cultural environment, and personal psychophysiological characteristics. At the same time, the effectiveness of the techniques that people use to cope with difficulties can obviously be different. The methodological approach in the article substantiates the resource approach. The article theoretically substantiates and empirically verifies the protective-adaptive process of teachers’ coping with difficulties. It was found that there are four stages of responding to difficulties as part of the protective and coping strategy. It was experimentally proved that teachers demonstrate a reduced level of resilience and tolerance to uncertainty, which is characterized as an insufficient degree of resource provision; that most often teachers turn to social support, to their own strengths and knowledge, and to work as the means of psychological and coping protection; that most teachers are not ready to accept risk, change, and self-change; and at the same time, they demonstrate a rather high level of emotional burnout, a critically high level of stress, and reduced performance. To preserve the health of teachers as a professional group and to enhance their life resources and vitality, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of coping behaviour, to train teachers to accept changes, and to develop a repertoire of coping strategies and conscious coping behaviour based on the resource approach.

scholarly journals Protective and coping behaviour of representatives of socionomic professions with different professional experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
L. M. Popova ◽  
T. S. Pukhareva
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Career Counseling ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Coping Behaviour ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Psychological Defenses

The results of a theoretical and empirical study of psychological defenses and coping strategies of behaviour among employees of social service institutions are presented. The following methods were used in diagnostic procedures: “Life style Index” (R. Plutchik, G. Kellerman) and “Methods of coping behavior” (R. Lazarus and S. Folkman). As a result of the study, the respondents revealed the intensity of psychological defenses of the type “intellectualization”, “reactive education”, “denial” and coping strategies “problem solving planning”, “positive reassessment” and “search for social support”. The correlations of psychological defenses and coping strategies of respondents are interpreted. The specific differences of protective-coping behaviour among employees with different professional experience are shown: employees with up to ten years of experience are more inclined to compensated behaviour, and employees with ten years of experience or more – to self-control, a rational approach to solving difficulties, a responsible attitude to what is happening. The results of the study may be useful in the placement of personnel, in career counseling, in the framework of discourses on professional psychology. And further study of psychological defenses and coping strategies will help to understand the specifics of the professional identity of employees of a socionomic profile. 

Daily Experiences of Commuting Strain and Self-Control at Work and at Home

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Bettina S. Wiese ◽  
Olivia Chaillié ◽  
Ruth Noppeney ◽  
Anna M. Stertz
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Diary Data ◽  
Daily Experiences ◽  
At Home

Abstract. The study investigates how commuting strain affects daily self-control capacities at work and at home. Irritability (i.e., increased readiness to express negative emotions when facing frustration) and concentration (i.e., a cognitive control capacity that relies on attention) were used as indicators of (impaired) self-control. Based on 5-day diary data from N = 185 train commuters, we found that on days with a strenuous ride from home to work, commuters indicated higher irritability and lower concentration capacity at work. On days with higher strain during the work-to-home ride, commuters reported to be more irritable back home. Moreover, commuters with low emotional stability turned out to be more affected by commuting strain but only if considering self-control impairment at home.

Study of Defensive and Coping Behaviour of Teachers of Inclusive Professional Education

2017 ◽  
pp. 385-397
Author(s):  
N. O. Sadovnikova ◽  
◽  
T. B. Sergeeva ◽  
A. A. Tolstykh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Coping Behaviour ◽  
And Coping

Diagnosing Moral Failures

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Kasperbauer
Keyword(s):  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Moral Change ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Frequent Failure

This chapter discusses why people often fail to meet their moral goals and identifies the main obstacles in achieving moral change. It shows how psychological processes specific to animals, as outlined in chapters 2–4, interact with broader components of moral psychology. Three main moral psychological factors are discussed: emotions, situational conditions, and self-control. These factors are used to illustrate the frequent failure of reason and higher-level cognition to modify our moral responses, including our treatment of animals. The discussion draws from a wide range of research within empirical moral psychology as well as recent critical discussion of this research among philosophers.

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