scholarly journals Immune Response After Three Doses of Hepatitis B Vaccine among Children Below Five Years of Age in Mwanza, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Delfina R. Msanga ◽  
Raphael Rwezaula ◽  
Semvua Kilonzo ◽  
Elizabeth Kwiyolecha ◽  
Tulla Masoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Reproductive And Child Health ◽  
And Child Health

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections is moderately endemic in many countries in the sub-Saharan Africa including Tanzania. Immunization of children below five years of age has been found to be an effective strategy in controlling infectious diseases. However, the data regarding immune responses following vaccination are very limited in low-income countries. Here, we report the sero-conversion among children below five years of age after three doses of HBV vaccine in Mwanza, Tanzania. Methodology: A cross-sectional study involving children below five years of age was conducted at Makongoro Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) clinic between May and June 2017. Socio-demographic data were collected, and vaccination status was confirmed from reproductive and child health (RCH) cards. Serum HBV surface antibodies (anti-HBs) were quantified using enzyme immunoassay (Enzygnost Anti-HBs II). Data were analysed by using STATA version 13 software.

scholarly journals Predictors of Postnatal Depression in the Slums Nairobi, Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Wanjiku Kariuki ◽  
Mary Wangari Kuria ◽  
Fredrick Namenya Were ◽  
David Musyimi Ndetei
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Child Health

Abstract BackgroundPostnatal depression (PND) is a universal mental health problem that prevents mothers' optimal existence and mothering. Although research has shown high PND prevalence rates in Africa, including Kenya, little research has been conducted to determine the contributing factors, especially in low-resource communities.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the PND risk factors among mothers attending Maternal and Child Health Clinics (MCH) in the slums, Nairobi.MethodsThis study is cross-sectional, which is a part of a larger study. A sample of 567 mothers of 6-10 weeks postnatal from two Maternal and Child Health (MCH) formed the study population. The Depression rate was measured using the original 1961 Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). In addition, a sociodemographic questionnaire (SDQ) was used to collect hypothesized risk variables. Results The PND prevalence rate was 27.1%. Women with: unplanned pregnancy (AOR=1.87, 95% CI 1.02, 3.43), unemployed (AOR=4.43, 95% CI 1.01, 19.76), dissatisfied with body image (AOR=2.51, 95% CI 1.21, 5.19) and feeling fatigued (AOR=2.02, 95% CI 1.06, 3.85) had higher odds of developing PND. ConclusionThis study builds upon scarce previous studies on PND from low-income countries. Identifying specific PND risk factors may help in devising targeted prophylactic and therapeutic strategies.

Soil-transmitted helminthiasis among mothers and their pre-school children on Unguja Island, Zanzibar with emphasis upon ascariasis

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (12) ◽  
pp. 1447-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. STOTHARD ◽  
E. IMISON ◽  
M. D. FRENCH ◽  
J. C. SOUSA-FIGUEIREDO ◽  
I. S. KHAMIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
School Children ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The North ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis

SUMMARYSoil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) is a scourge to the health and well-being of infants and pre-schoolchildren throughout many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. To improve maternal and child health, regular de-worming is recommended and often delivered from mother and child health (MCH) clinics, yet there have been few studies monitoring the progress and impact of interventions on local levels of disease. A cross-sectional parasitological survey, supplemented with questionnaires, was therefore conducted across 10 Ungujan villages examining mothers (n=322) and their pre-school children (n=359). Within children, mean prevalence of ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm was 8·6% (95% CI 5·5–11·8), 18·9% (95% CI 14·5–23·4) and 1·7% (95% CI 0·2–3·5) while in mothers mean prevalence was 6·7% (95% CI 3·7–9·7), 11·9% (95% CI 8·0–15·8) and 1·9% (95% CI 0·2–3·5), respectively. There was, however, significant spatial heterogeneity of STH by village, 2 villages having much elevated levels of infection, although general access to anthelminthics and utilization of village MCH clinics was good. Levels of parasite aggregation (k) were determined and a multilevel logistic regression model identified access to a household latrine [OR=0·56 (95% CI 0·32–0·99)] and having an infected household member [OR=3·72 (95% CI 2·22–6·26)] as observed risk factors. To further investigate worm burdens of Ascaris lumbricoides, adult worms were expelled using Combantrin® and measured. A negative relationship between mean worm burden and mean worm mass was found. Villages in the north of Unguja represent locations where there is elevated prevalence of both ascariasis and trichuriasis and it appears that local factors are particularly favourable for transmission of these helminths. From a perspective of control, in such locations, intervention efforts should be stepped up and greater efforts placed upon improving household sanitation.

scholarly journals Housing and child health in sub-Saharan Africa: A cross-sectional analysis

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. e1003055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy S. Tusting ◽  
Peter W. Gething ◽  
Harry S. Gibson ◽  
Brian Greenwood ◽  
Jakob Knudsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
And Child Health

scholarly journals Reproductive and Child Health Related Contents at undergraduate medical level in the Community Medicine - Teachers’ view

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Sharmin Jahan ◽  
Md Humayun Kabir Talukder
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Medicine ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Undergraduate ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Reproductive And Child Health ◽  
And Child Health

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the views of teachers regarding the reproductive and child health related contents at the medical undergraduate level in Bangladesh. Methodology: A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was carried out from January 2009 to June 2009 among 30 teachers of government and non government medical colleges in Bangladesh. Data were collected by pre tested self administered semi-structured questionnaire. Results: Results of the study shows that a total of 58% of the teachers feel that topics such as maternal health, infant and child care, family planning and adolescent health might be useful in future life. They have shown more interest towards problem solving class with scenario exercises, group discussions and brain storming sessions. They also feel that clinical oriented topics should be included more. It was also revealed that more than 65% of the teachers feel that RCH related contents are the most important or one of the most important topics in the Community Medicine. Conclusion and recommendation: Some of the non-traditional teaching methods like problem solving class with scenario exercises, group discussions and brain storming sessions may be practiced to improve the teaching and assessment in reproductive and child health related contents at the undergraduate medical level in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdnmch.v18i1.12236 J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2012; 18 (01): 29-33

scholarly journals Patterns of Injury and Mortality in Pediatric Patients Attending Emergency Department in a Tertiary Care Center in Eastern Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (207) ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramendra Prasad Gupta ◽  
Gyanendra Bahadur Malla ◽  
Rabin Bhandari ◽  
Rosan Prasad Shah Kalawar ◽  
Madan Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Soft Tissue Injuries ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pattern Of Injury

Introduction: Trauma is a major and increasing global health concern in the recent world is now the leading cause of death among people less than 18 years old. Methods: This is a retrospective cross sectional study done in Emergency Department of B.P.Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. Patients aged less than 16 years were included with history of Trauma from January 1st 2013 to 31st December 2013.The details of patient were taken from computerized medical records of the hospital. The data Demographic data, Pattern of injury, Mode of injury, Diagnosis and outcomes were tabulated in Microsoft excel. Results: Total 3958 pediatrics patient were enrolled in this study. Male: Female=3.6:1,Mean age 9.6±3.2 years, fall injury & RTAs common modes and fractures of limbs, soft tissue injuries and cut injuries were common patterns. Conclusions: Injury is a serious problem for children in Low Income countries like Nepal.

scholarly journals Socio-economic and demographic factors associated with reproductive and child health preventive care in Mozambique: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanvo Daca ◽  
Miguel San Sebastian ◽  
Carlos Arnaldo ◽  
Barbara Schumann
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Reproductive And Child Health ◽  
Universal Health ◽  
And Child Health

Abstract Background Reproductive and child health interventions are essential to improving population health in Africa. In Mozambique, although some progress on reproductive and child health has been made, knowledge of social inequalities in health and health care is lacking. Objective To investigate socio-economic and demographic inequalities in reproductive and child preventive health care as a way to monitor progress towards universal health coverage. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, using data collected from the 2015 Immunization, AIDS and Malaria Indicators Survey (IMASIDA) in Mozambique. The sample included 6946 women aged 15 to 49 years. Outcomes variables were the use of insecticide treated nets (ITN) for children under 5 years, full child immunization and modern contraception use, while independent variables included age, marital status, place of residence, region, education, occupation, and household wealth index. Prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated by log binomial regression to assess the relationship between the socio-economic and demographic characteristics and the three outcomes of interest. Results The percentage of mothers with at least one child under 5 years that did not use ITN was 51.01, 46.25% of women had children aged 1 to 4 years who were not fully immunized, and 74.28% of women were not using modern contraceptives. Non-educated mothers (PR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.16–1.51) and those living in the Southern region (PR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.17–1.59) had higher risk of not using ITN, while the poorest quintile (PR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.04–1.71) was more likely to have children who were not fully immunized. Similarly, non-educated women (PR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.10–1.25), non-working women (PR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04–1.16), and those in the poorest quintile (PR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.04–1.24) had a higher risk of not using modern contraceptives. Conclusion Our study showed a low rate of ITN utilization, immunization coverage of children, and modern contraceptive use among women of reproductive age. Several socio-economic and demographics factors (region, education, occupation, and wealth) were associated with these preventive measures. We recommend an equity-oriented resource allocation across regions, knowledge dissemination on the importance of ITN and contraceptives use, and an expansion of immunization services to reach socio-economically disadvantaged families in order to achieve universal health coverage in Mozambique.

scholarly journals Building on momentum from the global campaigns: an exploration of factors that influenced prioritization of stillbirth prevention at the national level in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Ssegujja ◽  
Michelle Andipatin
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Systems Strengthening ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Health Programming ◽  
Policy Community ◽  
Document Review ◽  
And Child Health

Abstract Background Of the close to 2.6 million stillbirths that happen annually, most are from low-income countries where until recently policies rarely paid special attention to addressing them. The global campaigns that followed called on countries to implement strategies addressing stillbirths and the adoption of recommendations varied according to contexts. This study explored factors that influenced the prioritization of stillbirth reduction in Uganda. Methods The study employed an exploratory qualitative design adopting Shiffman’s framework for political prioritization. Data collection methods included a document review and key informants’ interviews with a purposively selected sample of 20 participants from the policy community. Atlas. Ti software was used for data management while thematic analysis was conducted to analyze the findings. Findings Political prioritization of stillbirth interventions gained momentum following norm promotion from the global campaigns which peaked during the 2011 Lancet stillbirth series. This was followed by funding and technical support of various projects in Uganda. A combination of domestic advocacy factors such as a cohesive policy community converging around the Maternal and Child Health cluster accelerated the process by vetting the evidence and refining recommendations to support the adoption of the policy. The government’s health systems strengthening aspirations and integration of interventions to address stillbirths within the overall Maternal and Child Health programming resonated well. Conclusions The transnational influence played a key role during the initial stages of raising attention to the problem and provision of technical and financial support. The success and subsequent processes, however, relied heavily on domestic advocacy and the national political environment, and the cohesive policy community.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document