scholarly journals Thirugnana Sambandhar - A Mathematician

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
S Subbulakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Geometrical Structure ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Poetic Form ◽  
Tamil Literature ◽  
Poetic Structure ◽  
Structure Space ◽  
Palindromic Structure ◽  
Great Poet ◽  
Mathematical Calculation ◽  
The Law

India has been the Land of notable poets whose exemplary works are world renowned. One such great poet is Thirugnana Sambandhar. He is a saint, poet, philosopher, composer who belongs to 7th Century. He was born in Seerkaazhi of Tamilnadu. He had coined many Special Geometrical poetic structures like Thiru ezhukkootrirukkai (poem with mathematical Triangular Pattern), Maalai Maatru (a poem with palindromic Structure), Mozhi Maatru (a poem in which the meaning of the poem can be observed by a systematic Chane of words), Gomuthri (Flow of the poem in such a way it forms a wave line), Chakramaatru (a poem which is constructed in a circular form ). By the above mentioned amazing structure He has no parallels in the worlds poetry Thirugnana Sambandhar is the epitome of Tamil Literature has penned down many such extraordinary poems. A Mathematician is one who uses an extensive knowledge of Mathematics in their work. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space,models and change. Here in this poetic form Thiruezhukkootrirukkai Thirugnana Sambandhar had used numbers in a brilliant way to form a Triangle. This is called “Chitrakavi” in Tamil. By analyzing the whole poem we will get a geometrical structure. In this Thiruezhukkootrirukkai Thirugnana Sambandhar has constructed the words in such a way to form a symmetrical triangle. These triangle is arranged in a perfect mathematical calculation. This can be analysed through the law of binomial co- efficient. This is analysed and proved in this paper. Thirugnana Sambandhar belongs to 7th Century whereas the Scientist and Mathematician Pascal who discovered the law of Bi-nomial co-efficient belongs to 17th century. Other than this Mathematical diagram of triangle this poem has Palindromic numbers which add more beauty to this structure which is also a mathematical calculation. By constructing this amazing poetic structure Thirugnana Sambandhar proves beyond doubt that he is a “Mathematician” of India of the 7th Century itself who had applied the law of triangle earlier. 

scholarly journals The first ghazal of the Divan of Ghalib

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1323-1351
Author(s):  
Natalia I. Prigarina ◽  
Ludmila A. Vasilyeva
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Poetic Form ◽  
Persian Poetry ◽  
Great Poet ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

The article offers a multi-dimensional analysis of the first ghazal from the Urdu Divan by the Indian classic poet Mirza Ghalib (1797–1869). Ghalib wrote in two languages – Urdu and Persian, but it was the completion of the Urdu Divan that made him a great poet. The article presents the history of the creation and publication of the Divan, as well as discusses its sources. The authors focus on the complexity of the style and the richness of poetic themes, images and writing techniques. They also discuss the Sufi component of the first ghazal of the Divan, thus highlighting the poetics of the ghazal. The “opening” ghazal, which is placed at the beginning of a divan usually takes over the function of the hamd, i.e. the eulogy to the Creator, which is typical for a traditional introduction to a large poetic form. However, in Ghalib’s ghazal, this praise comes in a paradoxical form, which is caused by Ghalib`s high criteria of humanism and dignity. The analysis of the first ghazal helps in many ways to understand the creative credo typical for all of Ghalib's poetry, as well as the difficult path the poet had taken, while continuously improving his art of “hunting” for a poetic word. The ghazal is discussed in the context of Ghalib’s other Urdu and Persian poetry, as well as of Sufism that prevailed in India of Ghalib’s time.

scholarly journals ZAWŁASZCZENIE NIERUCHOMOŚCI NA PRZYKŁADZIE DZIAŁAŃ WOJENNYCH Z POCZĄTKU XVII WIEKU W RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ OBOJGA NARODÓW. Z BADAŃ NAD PRAWEM ZDOBYCZY WOJENNEJ W EPOCE NOWOŻYTNEJ

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Karol Łopatecki
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Law Of War ◽  
Legal Situation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Grand Duchy

Property Requisition: A Case Study of early 17th-Century Military Operations for Research on the Early Modern Law on War TrophiesSummary This article is on the requisitioning of property by soldiers stationing on enemy territory. The author presents the law on war trophies in force in Poland-Lithuania in 1609–1619, when the country was at war against the Grand Duchy of Muscovy. In particular he examines a protestation lodged by Stanisław Galiński, a Mazovian nobleman. This document provides evidence that pursuant to the Polish-Lithuanian law of war abandoned property could be lawfully requisitioned providing the party taking possession of the vacant real estate became its effective holder by taking over its management. This theory is confirmed by a 1613 parliamentary resolution which allowed for the confiscation of requisitioned property from soldiers who could not prove their title to tenure on these grounds. The legal situation of requisitioned properties was similar to that of property held by the Muscovite boyars of the Smolensk region, who were granted a conditional endorsement of tenure, with the recognition of a title in fee simple subject to enfeoffment by the king.

Enriching the Law

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Dame Silvia
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Moral Imperative ◽  
The Public ◽  
Proper Form ◽  
The Law

What is the law other than a collection of rules intended to guide human coexistence and to govern society? Some of society's rules derive from an earnest desire to improve the lot of the public. Others simply atempt to constrain antisocial behaviour or codify exixting customs, some good, some bad. So in a few modern Muslim societies, ancient rules about the proper form ofdress for women are enforced as strictly as those intended to prevent and punish criminal behaviour. And until quite recently, although not imposed so strictly, similar customs applied here: wearing of hats in Church, medieval dress for nuns and 17th century wigs and gowns in court. Other laws regulate without a moral imperative: traffic regulations and limits on noise spring to mind. Some laws attempt to control commerce and are a mix of the regulatory and moral.

Three ways to view a sonnet: Metaphor and poetic structure in three translations of Shakespeare’s sonnet XC

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Kassner
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Poetic Language ◽  
Poetic Form ◽  
Paul Celan ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Poetic Structure ◽  
Metaphor Theory

AbstractShakespeare’s works have been translated many times throughout different historical eras, and these translations vary considerably both in their poetic form and in their cognitive underpinnings. This paper investigates the cognitive and poetic differences between three translations of Shakespeare’s sonnet XC: a 19th-century translation by F. A. Gelbcke (Gelbcke 1867), a translation by Paul Celan (Celan 1967) and a translation by A. Thalmayr (Thalmayr 1985). In particular, the use of conceptual metaphor across all versions is compared, and it is established that primary conceptual metaphors tend to remain intact across translations whereas complex conceptual metaphors tend to be replaced by different complex metaphors specific to the era and cultural background of the respective translators. This observation has broader implications for metaphor theory in general: Cross-linguistic studies of literary translations may be useable as a metric for the basic-ness or universality of metaphors. The poetic form variation found in the translations reflects the variation in metaphor material, and the mechanisms of foregrounding and parallelism postulated for poetic language by formalist poetics are shown to be useful for investigating the phenomenon of translation.

Hesiod’s Theogony and the Structures of Poetry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Sammons
Keyword(s):  
Poetic Form ◽  
Poetic Structure ◽  
End Point ◽  
Form Alone ◽  
Political Structures ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Changing World

The Theogony displays a preoccupation with poetic structure that reflects the cosmic and political structures that are its subject. Consequently the structures that support the poem change with the changing world it describes. In the earlier part of the poem the dominant poetic structure is the catalogue, and Hesiod goes far in showing what he can express with this form alone, particularly through juxtaposition, anachrony, allegory, and paradigmatic patterning. Narrative appears first as free elaboration on the genealogical framework but becomes a dominant poetic form in parallel with the emerging tale of Zeus’s rise to power. These observations buttress existing views on the meaning of the poem’s overall arrangement, and can also shed light on debates about its exact end-point.

“As the Discharge of My Conscience to God”: Narrative, Personhood, and the Construction of Legal Order in 17th-Century Quaker Culture

Prospects ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 117-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Smolenski
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
New World ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Society Of Friends ◽  
William Penn ◽  
The Law ◽  
Charles Ii

On August 25, 1681, William Penn sat down to write to James Harrison, a fellow Quaker from Lancashire, about the New World. Having received a charter from Charles II for a new North American province — Pennsylvania — five months earlier, Penn was in the midst of intense preparation to ensure the success of his endeavor. Despite the considerable time and effort that Pennsylvania was taking from him, Penn still continued his work on behalf of persecuted Friends in England; during the early years of Quakerism, he frequently used his influence in the royal government to secure the release of imprisoned Quakers. Penn himself had run afoul of the law in January of 1681, having been forced to defend himself against charges that his profession Quakerism was really a cover for “popery.” Perhaps this recent incident, only months before his letter to Harrison, reminded him of what he had long suspected: that the Society of Friends would never be free from persecution in Anglican England. Certainly, he had higher hopes for Pennsylvania.

Newton's Principia and the philosophers of the enlightenment

1988 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Philosophy And Literature ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Creative Role ◽  
Scientific Imagination

There have been many discussions of the creative role of metaphors and similes in the scientific imagination, particularly of the 17th century. Metaphors become sense-loaded when they cross the uncertain boundaries between the sciences and religion, philosophy and literature: such was the metaphor of light, so fashionably used in Newton’s lifetime to eulogize his discoveries. I do not refer only to the literary exploitation of the experiments on colours. Ever since the first edition the text of the Principia was preceded by Halley’s verses, containing some typical metaphors. The secrets of the heavens were finally laid open: ‘ Intima panduntur victa penetralia caeli ... Matters that vexed the mind of ancient seers.../Now are seen in reason’s light; the clouds of ignorance/ Dispelled at last by science’ (1)*. The Halley ode, stuffed with fragments borrowed from Lucretius, is one of the sources of a copious and repetitive stream of variations on the theme. As Moses revealed the Tables of the Law or, reading between the lines, as Epicurus exorcized the fear of celestial phenomena, so Newton introduced mankind to the banquet of the gods by revealing the main mystery of nature. Roger Cotes, in his authorized preface of 1713, echoed the same note: ‘ Dici vix potest quanta lux accedat ... The gates are now set open, and by the passage he has revealed we may freely enter into the knowledge of the hidden secrets and wonders of natural things ’ (2).

scholarly journals Research on space optimization of historic blocks on Jiangnan from the perspective of place construction

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youping Teng ◽  
Shuai Yang ◽  
Yue Huang ◽  
Nathan Barker
Keyword(s):  
Space Structure ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Regional Culture ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Structure Space ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Mathematical Calculation ◽  
Historical Block ◽  
Construction Strategies

Abstract In the process of rapid urbanization, gentrification and commercialization have inevitably appeared in the historical districts of Jiangnan. Although they optimize the space environment of the historic district and promote the development of economy and tourism, they have resulted in disadvantages such as insufficient vitality of the space group, rigid space interface, lack of space quality and lack of regional culture. Mathematical calculation can be used to analyse the data of 15 historical blocks, determine the key points of the protection of historical blocks in Jiangnan area and then put forward reasonable construction strategies. This paper starts from the four elements of space group, space structure, space quality and space vitality, identifies the key points and key point of the historical block protection in Jiangnan area, and then puts forward the reasonable place building strategy.

scholarly journals BUDDHIST ELEMENTS OF THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONCEPTIONS OF THE RELIGIOUS TAOISM OF THE QUANZHEN SCHOOL (BASED ON LONG MEN XIN FA): PSYCHOLOGY AND SOMATOLOGY

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
PAVEL D. LENKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Material Body ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Law ◽  
Wang Changyue

The article deals with the analysis of anthropological concepts of one of the main schools of religious Taoism - Quanzhen / Longmen - in the aspect of identifying and considering the Buddhist elements of late Taoist anthropology. The main source for the analysis was the text of the 17th century Lun men xin fa (“The Law of the Heart-Consciousness [according to the Tradition] Longmen”), which outlined the views of Wang Changyue, master of the Taoist school Quanzhen / Longmen. The article examines the Buddhist elements of the late Taoist somatology and psychology: the concept of the heart-consciousness ( xin ), the concept of “vitality of wisdom” ( hui ming ), the doctrine of the “true spirit” ( zhen ling , yuan shen ). The central concept of the text - heart-consciousness - is interpreted by Wang Changyue to a large extent in a Buddhist way. Such concepts as the material body ( se shen ) and the Body of the Law ( fa shen ) are discussed in the text in the spirit of late Buddhist Mahayana psychology...

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