scholarly journals Single-plate Swipe Couplings On Four-wheeled Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Kurniadi Rasyid ◽  
Tutur Angger Pambudi
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transmit Power ◽  
Single Plate ◽  
Clutch System ◽  
Machine Element ◽  
Friction Plate ◽  
Heat Calculation ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles ◽  
Disc Spring

The clutch is an absolutely necessary part of the gasoline cars and the other types where the main drive is obtained from the fuel in the cylinder. The author starts planning this friction coupling with the theory and shifting system of style, then determines the type of clutch plate to be worn, determining the large diameter of the clutch shaft, specifies the thick of the friction plate, the spring reducer, the flywheel connecting Bolt with the flux, the flywheel connecting bolt with the engine shaft, the rivet connector of the friction plate with the spring disc, the rivet of the disc-connector with the sub plate, the rivet of the sub-plate and the spline hub, the rivet of the Cover flux, clutch shaft bearings, bearing holders, as well as heat calculations and age of friction plates. Specifies the type of clutch plate to be worn, determining the large diameter of the clutch shaft, determining the thick of the friction plate, the damper spring, the flywheel connecting Bolt with the flux, flywheel connecting bolt with engine shaft, rivet swipes with friction plate with disc spring, Rivet Connector Spring with sub plate, rivet sub plate rivets with spline hub, rivet fastening rivets with flux cover, clutch shaft bearings, bearing holders, as well as heat calculation and age of friction plates. Single-plate swipes are designed so that they can transmit power/rotation in a rotating or unrotating state. The type of coupling discussed here is the fixed clutch that uses a plate that serves as a medium of friction between the flywheel and the pressing plate. The purpose of writing these planning tasks to meet and complement the course of the machine element, the authors try to plan and discuss the clutch system

scholarly journals Delivering the Goods

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (12) ◽  
pp. 70-71
Author(s):  
John DeGaspari
Keyword(s):  
Drive System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transmit Power ◽  
Package Weight ◽  
Drive Motor ◽  
Timing Belt ◽  
Plant Personnel ◽  
Roller Drive ◽  
The One ◽  
Application Requirements

This article presents a review on two conveyors at the Ford Motor Co.’s Wayne, MI, assembly plant that use the same technology to meet two very different requirements. One system handles fully dressed, pallet-mounted engines in packages weighing up to 1600 pounds, while the other deals with pallet-mounted instrument panels having a total package weight of 80 pounds. The conveyors, supplied by Bleichert Inc. of Sterling Heights, Mich., use a roller drive mechanism that allows them to adapt to the different application requirements. Ford accomplishes the engine/chassis marriage by lifting completely dressed engines into the vehicle from below. The pallet-mounted engines are transported on a cart, called a moon buggy by Wayne plant personnel. The drive motor can be positioned anywhere along the length of the conveyor. It uses a gear reducer and timing belt to transmit power to the driveshaft. Each of the one-meter-long driveshaft sections is linked to the next one by a coupling to complete the modular drive system.

The Relation Between Solidity and the Other Shape Factors for Complete Optimum Meridian Profile of Impeller With Guidevane

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuji Tsugawa
Keyword(s):  
Shape Factor ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shape Factors ◽  
Flow Angle ◽  
Diffusion Factor ◽  
Blade Number ◽  
Outlet Flow ◽  
Angle Blade

In the previous paper, the solidity is independent shape factor of the optimum meridian profile by diffusion factor. But, the solidity is often calculated by the other shape factors, for example, the inlet and outlet flow angle, blade length, blade number and the co-ordinates of impeller meridian profile. So, in this paper, the solidity is treated as dependent shape factor and is calculated by the impeller meridian co-ordinates and flow angle. In the previous paper, the impeller meridian inlet is axial direction. In this paper, the inlet mixed flow angle of impeller inlet is one of additional shape factor. As the result, the impeller with guidevane complete meridian profile is calculated for the large diameter of guidevane outlet and the detailed meridian profile of impeller inlet.

scholarly journals Review of the perciform fish genus Symphysanodon Bleeker (Symphysanodontidae), with descriptions of three new species, S. mona, S. parini, and S. rhax

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 996 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM D. ANDERSON ◽  
VICTOR G. SPRINGER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Gill Arch ◽  
The Other ◽  
Caudal Vertebra ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Single Plate ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
A New Species

Symphysanodon mona, a new species of perciform fish, is described from a single specimen collected in Mona Passage off the west coast of Puerto Rico. It differs from all other species of Symphysanodon in having fewer gillrakers on the first gill arch (4 or 5 + 19–21 = 24 or 25 total vs. 8–14 + 20–29 = 28–42 total) and, additionally, from the other two Atlantic species of the genus (S. berryi and S. octoactinus) in two other features of gill-arch morphology, viz., in having a ventral branch of the obliquus dorsalis 3 muscle (vs. its absence in the other two species) and in having a posteriorly projecting extension of the cartilaginous lateral end of ceratobranchial 4 (vs. its absence in the other two species; S. berryi has a small accessory cartilage associated with the lateral end of ceratobranchial 4 which may also be present in S. octoactinus). Symphysanodon parini, new species, known from 10 specimens collected over Sala y Gómez Ridge in the eastern South Pacific, can be distinguished from all other species of Symphysanodon, except S. maunaloae from the central and western Pacific, by the following combination of characters: segmented anal-fin rays 7, tubed lateral-line scales 45–50, total gillrakers on first gill arch 31– 34 (9 or 10 + 22–24), sum of lateral-line scales and gillrakers on individual specimens 77–84, depth of body 22.5–24.7 % SL (4.0–4.4 times in SL), length of depressed anal fin 24.8–26.4 % SL, hypurals 1 & 2 autogenous, hypurals 3 & 4 represented by a single plate, and first caudal vertebra without parapophyses. It is distinguished from S. maunaloae by differences in mean numbers of tubed lateral-line scales (mean = 47.89 for S. parini vs. mean = 44.94 for S. maunaloae) and pectoral-fin rays (mean = 16.90 for S. parini vs. mean = 16.13 for S. maunaloae) and by differences in a few morphometric characters. Symphysanodon rhax, new species, known from specimens collected off the Maldive Islands, northern Indian Ocean, is separable from all other species of Symphysanodon, except S. berryi from the Atlantic, by the following combination of characters: segmented rays in the anal fin 7, tubed lateral-line scales 50, gillrakers on the first gill arch 35–38 (10 or 11 + 25–27), sum of lateral-line scales and gillrakers on individual specimens 85–88, depth of body 20.6–24.8 % SL (4.0–4.9 times in SL), length of depressed anal fin 21.8–23.9 % SL, hypurals 1 & 2 autogenous, hypurals 3 & 4 represented by a single plate, and first caudal vertebra without parapophyses. It can be distinguished from S. berryi by its shorter second anal-fin spine and a suite of other morphometric characters. A key to Symphysanodon and a review of the other species of the genus are also presented.

scholarly journals On the influence of screens in arresting the progress of magnetic action: the other, on the power of masses of iron to control the attractive force of a magnet

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 69-71
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Attractive Force ◽  
Silver Copper ◽  
Single Plate ◽  
Magnetic Action

The object of the first paper is to show that every substance susceptible of magnetism by induction, when interposed as a screen, tends to arrest the action of a magnet upon a third substance: this intercepting power being directly as the mass, and inversely as the susceptibility to induced magnetism. Thus, although a single plate of iron, about the sixteenth of an inch thick, effectually intercepts the action of a revolving magnet on a disc of copper, the same result is not obtained when the disc acted upon is also of iron, instead of being of copper; unless the mass of iron interposed be very considerable. The screening influence he found to depend on the mass of iron that is interposed, and not on the surface merely. He was led to suspect that a similar effect might be obtained by employing substances not of a ferruginous nature, provided they were interposed in considerable masses, and the result of his trials justified his conjecture. An account is given of several experiments made with large masses of silver, copper, or zinc, of about four inches in thickness, which being interposed between a revolving magnetic plate and a delicately suspended disc of tinned iron, completely intercepted the action of the magnet on the iron. The author considers this interceptive property to be more or less common to every class of substance; and that in order to render it sensible, it is only necessary to employ the bodies in masses, bearing some direct ratio to their respective magnetic energies. Thus lead, having a weaker magnetic energy than copper, must be employed in a larger mass in order to produce an equal effect; and to render the screening power of ice sensible would require it to be above thirty feet in thickness. If, instead of interposing the screen of iron immediately between the revolving magnet and the suspended disc of copper, the iron be brought very near the under surface of the magnet, a similar neutralizing influence is exerted.

Study on Scanner for Large-Diameter Tubular Joint Welds Based on Ultrasonic Phased Array

2006 ◽  
Vol 532-533 ◽  
pp. 265-268
Author(s):  
Zong Quan Deng ◽  
Guang Ping Hao ◽  
De Wei Tang ◽  
Bao Hua Shan
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Ultrasonic Inspection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tubular Joints ◽  
Ultrasonic Phased Array ◽  
Tubular Joint ◽  
Three Degrees Of Freedom

For the complexity of weld, the automatic inspecting for the tubular joints which are in working is difficult. Therefore the scanner which has three degrees of freedom for inspecting of large-diameter tubular joints was studied and manufactured based on the scanning principle of ultrasonic phased array. The following of probe to weld is realized by the simultaneous motion of two degrees of freedom and the pose between probe and weld is adjusted by the other degree of freedom. The control strategy of the scanner was provided. Experiments were made with scanner on reference blocks, the results indicate that the automatic ultrasonic phased array inspection is more excellent than the conventional ultrasonic inspection in reliability and repetition.

Non-Spiking Stretch-Receptors in the Crayfish Swimmeret System

1982 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 355-366
Author(s):  
W. J. Heitler
Keyword(s):  
Cell Body ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Pacifastacus Leniusculus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intracellular Injection ◽  
Anterior Branch ◽  
Stretch Receptors ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Sternal Rib

1. Two neurones have been encountered with the properties of non-spiking stretch-receptors on both sides of each swimmeret-bearing segment of the crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus. 2. Each neurone depolarizes by up to 35 mV (measured intracellularly in the ganglionic neuropil) in response to experimentally imposed retraction of the appropriate swimmeret, but does not generate spikes. 3. Depolarizing and hyperpolarizing current injected into these neurones can excite or inhibit the spike activity of several swimmeret motorneurones. 4. Intracellular injection of dye shows that both non-spiking stretch-receptors have large diameter axons in the anterior branch of the first root and central cell bodies. One has a cell body in the anterior ipsilateral quadrant of the ganglion (NSSR-A), while the other has a cell body in the posterior ipsilateral quadrant (NSSR-P). 5. Both neurones innervate a peripheral elastic strand which spans the base of the swimmeret, with its posterior attachment on the sternal rib at the posterior rim of the swimmeret socket, and its anterior attachment on the swimmeret basipodite. This strand (S1) is stretched by retraction of the swimmeret. 6. A second strand (S2) stretches from the anterior rim of the swimmeret socket to the mid point of S1, and is innervated by several small diameter axons which also do not appear to have cell bodies in the periphery.

Glycogen 'seas,' glycogen bodies, and glycogen granules in heart and skeletal muscle of two air-breathing, burrowing fishes

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 774-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Hochachka ◽  
W. C. Hulbert
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Fermentative Metabolism ◽  
Red Muscle ◽  
Carbon Reservoir ◽  
Α Particles

Studies of the ultrastructures of heart, white muscle, and red muscle of two air-breathing, burrowing Amazon fishes, Lepidosiren paradoxa and Synbranchus marmarotus, indicated an overwhelming dependence upon glycogen as a storage carbon and energy source. In lungfish white muscle, unusually high quantities of glycogen were packaged as large-diameter rosettes or α-particles, typical of organs such as the liver in other species. In lungfish red muscle, glycogen was stored as the usual smaller β-particles, either randomly dispersed or organized into membrane–glycogen complexes called glycogen bodies. The hearts of both species also displayed numerous glycogen bodies, the membrane–glycogen complexes apparently being formed from specialized regions of the interfibrillar sarcoplasmic reticulum. These immense glycogen depots could be mobilized to support either oxidative or fermentative metabolism. However, neither mitochondrial abundance nor the levels of enzymes in oxidative metabolism were abnormally high compared with other fishes. Heart lactate dehydrogenase, on the other hand, occurred at higher levels than thus far found in any vertebrate heart, suggesting that heart glycogen bodies in these species serve primarily as a carbon reservoir for emergency use under conditions of O2 lack.

Stiffness Coefficients for Nozzles in API 650 Tanks

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Lengsfeld ◽  
Kanhaiya L. Bardia ◽  
Jaan Taagepera ◽  
Kanajett Hathaitham ◽  
Donald G. LaBounty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stiffness Coefficient ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Stiffness Coefficients ◽  
Structural Discontinuity ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
External Loads

The analysis of tank nozzles for API Standard 650 [1] tanks is a complex problem. Appendix P of API 650 provides a method for determining the allowable external loads on tank shell openings. The method in Appendix P is based on two papers, one by Billimoria and Hagstrom [2] and the other by Billimoria and Tam [3]. Although Appendix P is optional, industry has used it for a number of years for large diameter tanks. For tanks less than 120 feet (33.6 m) in diameter, Appendix P is not applicable. In previously published papers [4–10], the authors used finite element analysis (FEA) to verify the experimental results reported by Billimoria and Tam for shell nozzles. The analysis showed the variance between stiffness coefficients and stresses obtained by FEA and API 650 methods for tanks. In this follow-up paper, the authors present stiffness coefficients for tank nozzles located away from a structural discontinuity. Factors to establish spring rates for nozzles varying from 6 to 48 inches and tank diameters from 30 feet to 300 feet and for nozzles at different elevations on the shell are provided. Mathematical equations are provided together with graphs for the stiffness coefficient factors.

FEM Analysis of Cold Flaring Process of SUS304 Pipe

2018 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
Shinichi Nishida ◽  
Junshi Ichikawa ◽  
Yuta Kashitani ◽  
Kentaro Tsunoda ◽  
Yusuke Takeuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Taper Angle ◽  
Cold Forming ◽  
Pipe Wall Thickness ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Flange Forming ◽  
Large Diameter Pipes

This paper describes a production process for experiment and finite element method (FEM) analysis of cold forming of SUS304 pipe. These large diameter pipes such as φ114.3 mm are used for a plant as a flow channel of gas and liquid. The connection of pipes are generally welded at the plant. However, the other connecting method are required from a viewpoint of making the plant environment worse by welding. Therefore, flaring process of large diameter pipes were proposed. This flaring process is one of a method of pipe flange forming. The formed pipes were connected used with loose flange. Flaring process was generally hot process, thus it has some problem such as becoming complex of forming machine and accuracy of dimension. In this study, cold flaring process of SUS304 pipe was proposed to satisfy these requisitions. Experiment and FEM analysis of cold flaring process were performed to clarify the optimum forming conditions for the flat length of connecting surface such as a diameter of punch, punch stroke and taper angle of dies. As a result, a gap between punch and die was needed to match the pipe wall thickness.

scholarly journals A Study on Cut Blasting with Large Diameter Charges in Hard Rock Roadways

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Bing Cheng ◽  
Haibo Wang ◽  
Qi Zong ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
MengXiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Stress Field ◽  
Stress Wave ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
The Other ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Cavity Formation ◽  
Damage Degree

To overcome the problems of poor cutting effects in hard rock roadways, a cut blasting technique with large diameter charges was developed; that is, the cut holes employ 50 mm diameter blast holes and 45 mm diameter explosive sticks, while the other holes adopt 42 mm diameter blast holes and 35 mm diameter explosive sticks. First, the effect of charge diameter on damage range and cut cavity formation was analyzed. Next, simulation of wedge cut for different charge diameters was conducted to reveal the stress wave developments and compare the stress field intensities. Finally, field tests were conducted to verify the viability of this technique. The results indicate that large diameter charges can increase the damage range around cut holes to improve the fragmentation degree of the rock mass in the cut cavity and significantly enhance the cavity formation power to better expel the rock mass fragments. The stress wave evolution of wedge cut was visualized using numerical simulations, which confirmed that the use of large diameter charges in cut holes increases the stress field intensity in the cut cavity and hence increases the damage degree of the rock mass. In this study, the use of a large diameter charge for cut blasting increased the average footage by 0.30 m, and the average utilization rate of blast holes increased by 12.5%. Therefore, the cutting effects in hard rock roadways can be improved by using large diameter charges, which increase the blasting footage and the utilization rate of blast holes.

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