МЕЖЯЗЫКОВЫЕ СОПОСТАВЛЕНИЯ В УПОТРЕБЛЕНИИ АРТИКЛЕЙ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
Чыныбаева С.Р.
Keyword(s):  
Definite Article ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Indefinite Article ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Nature ◽  
Textual Material ◽  
Parallel Texts

Аннотация: В статье излагаются результаты сопоставительного анализа функционирования артикля на материале параллельных текстов (фрагментов переводов повести Ч.Айтматова «Жамиля» на кыргызский, английский языки). Артикль рассматривается как средство обозначения вида характеристики существительного в тексте высказывания. На основе результатов анализа тек- стового материала делается вывод об общей природе артикля на кыргызском и русском языках. Языковая специфика имеет прямое функционирование артиклей, но имеют одинаковую основу в разных языках и они являются основными в организации текста. Заменяют повторные фрагменты текста и служат средством экономии. Ключевые слова: артикль,определенные артикли, неопределенные артикли, совпадение артиклей в переводах, сопоставление, параллельные тексты, функционирование артикля, смысловая неизменяемость. Аннотация: Макалада англис тилиндеги артиклдеринин дал келтирүү ыкмаларынын Ч. Айтматовдун «Жамиля» повестинин кыргыз жана англис тилдериндеги котормолордун салыштыруу жыйынтыгы каралган. Артиклдер зат атоочторго мүнөздөмө берүүчү каражат катары тексттердин мазмундарында каралат. Талдоонун негизинде, тилдин өзгөчөлүгү артиклдердин колдонулушуна түздөн түз таасир этээри берилген, ошол эле учурда ар кыл тилдерде алардын кызматы текстин маңызын толуктап туруучу соз түркүмү экендиги каралган. Тексттерди салыштыруу жолу менен англис тилиндеги артиклдердин кыргыз жана орус тилдериндеги окшоштуктары жана дал келүүсү берилген. Түйүндүү сөздөр: артиклдер, белгилүү артиклдер, белгисиз артиклдер, котормолордо артиклдердин дал келүүсү, талдоо, мааниси бир тексттер, тексттердеги артиклдин кызмат орду, мазмундун өзгөрбөшү. Abstract: This paper the results of the contrastive analysis of the functioning of articles in parallel texts (parts of translations of novel «Jamila» into English and Kyrgyz languages). This article is considered as a means of denoting the type of reference of a noun in an utterance. The conclusion based on the analysis of textual material shows the common nature of article in Kyrgyz and Russian languages, represented in the single semantic invariant of the article. Linguistic specificity has direct functioning of articles but has same basis in different languages and fundamental in the text. Comparison of the texts in English, Russian and Kyrgyz languages and similarities. Keywords: article ,definite article, indefinite article, use of article, parallel texts, matches of the articles in translation, mismatches of the articles in translations, semantic invariant.

scholarly journals The Definite and Indefinite Articles of Spanish (or Castilian) Language in Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-127
Author(s):  
Sonia Montero Gálvez
Keyword(s):  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Indefinite Article ◽  
The Common ◽  
Communicative Context ◽  
The Way

The present paper addresses the contrast between the definite article (el/la/los/las) and the indefinite article (un/a/os/as) from a cognitive approach that not only poses a single meaning for each kind of article, but also highlights the pragmatic (or contextual) aspects that underlie that meaning and establish the use of one form or another. The article’s meaning is shaped by the way we conceptualize the reference: the definite article implies an inclusive reference characterized by the uniqueness of the referent, while the indefinite article implies an exclusive reference characterized by the lack of uniqueness. The possibility to choose one or other way depends on contextual aspects related to the common knowledge shared by the interlocutors, the communicative context (linguistic and situational) and the space (physical or mental) where the referent is located.

scholarly journals Semantics of the phraseological units with the component HUND in the modern German language

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Content ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
German Language ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
Indefinite Article ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Common ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects

The article is devoted to the semantics of the phraseological units with the component HUND in the modern German language research. The author defines the semantic content of the word HUND in the German language of the XXI century through a term, functional style and transferred meaning. Also the author distinguishes and specifies the etymology of the element, determines its original motivation – “one of the mountain animals”, which makes an appeal to the Early Indo-European language. The transferred meaning of the element under analysis in the semantic structure of the German language of the XX–XXI centuries is highlighted. Thorough analysis of the experimental card index made by author on the ground of such lexicographical sources as: the most authoritative German explanatory (“WAHRIG”) and phraseological (“DUDEN”) dictionaries, the bilingual phraseological dictionary of L.S. Osovetska and K.M. Silvestrova; the most complete among all German-Ukrainian dictionaries, where widely presented to phraseology – common figures of speech, idioms, phrases, stamps, sayings, proverb are presented (V. Müller), gave an opportunity to make some conclusion about the limitation of the lexical means of the semantics “dog” verbalization. The author proves that lexical means coincide with the zoological term being oriented at the same time onto the common and transferred usage. From the morphological point of view a dog is represented by two basic parts of speech: noun and pronoun. The noun is characterized by the grammatical categories of gender (masculine), number (single, plural), case (nominative, dative, accusative), definiteness (definite article), indefiniteness (indefinite article), omission (zero article). The pronoun is differentiated according to the semantics feature and is represented by the third person in plural in the nominative case; its parallel functions are defined as conjunction and subject of the subordinate sentence. The multiplicity of the semantics of the analyzed material predetermined by the lingual and extralingual factors is defined. The conclusions verify the widely know statements of linguists about the transfer of the term to the category of the common lexis, semantical development of a word under the influence of the linguistic and extralinguistic factors and the appearance of the semantic potential of a word in the communicative and pragmatic aspects.

scholarly journals Definiteness and Indefiniteness of Nouns in English and Albanian: A Contrastive Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Agnesa Çanta
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Category ◽  
The Other ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Numerical Function ◽  
Indefinite Article ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Different languages have different ways of indicating the definiteness and indefiniteness of nouns. In English, as in most languages, the category of definiteness and indefiniteness is not a grammatical category of nouns. It is rather a semantic category that is mainly conveyed by means of two articles: the definite article the and the indefinite article a/an. In Albanian, on the other hand, the category of definiteness and indefiniteness is a grammatical category realised mainly by case endings and the indefinite article një (a/an) which, along with the case endings, is used to indicate only the indefiniteness, as the definiteness relies exclusively on case endings. The main purpose of this paper was to indicate that, in spite of the difference in the ways they express the definiteness and indefiniteness which account for some of their functional differences, definite and indefinite nouns in English and Albanian also show some similarities. The contrastive analysis indicates that the definite nouns in English and Albanian share their main functions, namely the specific reference and the generic reference, although they do not certainly share the cataphoric reference, whereas the indefinite nouns share the descriptive, classifying, and categorising function as well as the numerical function, but they do not share the generic function.

Relation of the Saccasa?khepa??k? Called S?ratthas?lin? to the Vinayavinicchaya??k? Called Vinayas?ratthasand?pan?

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 189-223
Author(s):  
Petra Kieffer-Pülz
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
The Common ◽  
Literary Histories ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Parallel Texts

The present contribution suggests the common authorship of three P?li commentaries of the twelfth/thirteenth centuries CE, namely the Vinayavinicchaya??k? called Vinayas?ratthasand?pan? (less probably Vinayatthas?rasand?pan?), the Uttaravinicchaya??k? called L?natthappak?san?, and the Saccasa?khepa??k? called S?ratthas?lin?. The information collected from these three commentaries themselves and from P?li literary histories concerning these three texts leads to the second quarter of the thirteenth century CE as the period of their origination. The data from parallel texts explicitly stated to having been written by V?cissara Thera in the texts themselves render it possible to establish with a high degree of probability V?cissara Thera as their author.

[Sic] Picabia: Ego, Reaction, Reuse

October ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 63-89
Author(s):  
Aurelie Verdier
Keyword(s):  
Common View ◽  
The Common ◽  
Textual Material

Against the common view that appropriation—of images, words, and machines—was the surest mark of Francis Picabia's modernism, Verdier posits that Picabia's constant reuse of visual and textual material was a melancholic symptom. Many of Picabia's pronouncements were, in fact, the very condemnation of his own system opposing the hand and the machine. Drawing from this analysis, Verdier argues that Picabia's art was never unambiguously modern nor reactionary; it was instead what Freud called “reactional.”

Young children use shared experience to interpret definite reference

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1146-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL SCHMERSE ◽  
ELENA LIEVEN ◽  
MICHAEL TOMASELLO
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
Shared Experience ◽  
Joint Actions ◽  
Indefinite Article ◽  
Shared Experiences ◽  
Communicative Intention ◽  
Linguistic Categories ◽  
Referential Choice

AbstractWe investigated whether children at the ages of two and three years understand that a speaker's use of the definite article specifies a referent that is in common ground between speaker and listener. An experimenter and a child engaged in joint actions in which the experimenter chose one of three similar objects of the same category to perform an action. In subsequent interactions children were asked to get ‘the X’ or ‘a X’. When children were instructed with the definite article they chose the shared object significantly more often than when they were instructed with the indefinite article in which case children's choice was at chance. The findings show that in their third year children use shared experiences to interpret the speaker's communicative intention underlying her referential choice. The results are discussed with respect to children's representation of linguistic categories and the role of joint action for establishing common ground.

scholarly journals The polyfunctional lexeme /fard/ in the Arabic dialects of Iraq and Khuzestan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
Bettina Leitner ◽  
Stefan Prochazka
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
Epistemic Status ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Indefinite Article ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Spoken Arabic ◽  
Very High

Abstract The primary aim of this paper is to explore the functions of the word /fard/ in Iraqi and Khuzestani Arabic. The study is based on the analysis of various text corpora and the elicitation of further examples from native speakers of the varieties investigated. The analysis of these data has shown that /fard/ is a polyfunctional item. Its various functions are the result of several grammaticalization processes. In the first stage, the noun “individual” has become a quantifier that expresses singularity. From this stage it developed into an intensifier, a marker of approximation and the scalar adverb “only.” It has been demonstrated that, from its use as a presentative marker, it developed toward an indefinite article. In contrast to the definite article, which is a grammatical category in nearly every variety of Arabic, the use of an indefinite article is rarely found in spoken Arabic. In Iraqi and Khuzestani Arabic, /fard/ is an indefinite article that possesses a wide range of applications and only a limited set of constraints. Its use, however, remains optional to a very high degree. Its main function is that of a presentative—i.e., introducing a new referent into a discourse. In addition, it also functions as an individuation marker, as a marker for expressing the speaker’s epistemic status (knowledge/ignorance) regarding a referent, and indicating free choice from a set of potential referents. Related to this last function is its use as a mitigating device in imperatives and polite requests.

scholarly journals РУСКАТА И БЪЛГАРСКАТА ЛЕКСИКА ЗА ОЗНАЧАВАНЕ НА РАЗДЯЛА: СЪПОСТАВИТЕЛЕН ЕТНОЛИНГВИСТИЧЕН АСПЕКТ/RUSSIAN AND BULGARIAN LEXIS DENOTING SEPARATION: A CONTRASTIVE ETHNOLINGUISTIC VIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (03) ◽  
pp. 13-29
Author(s):  
Irina Sedakova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Distinct Features

The article analyzes the semantics, usage and stylistic features of Russian and Bulgarian derivatives from the common Slavic roots děl-, lǫč- and sta- denoting different aspects of the separation of people. The author’s goal is to identify shared and distinct features in the micro-thematic lexical groups and the potential of each of the three roots in the two languages. The investigation is founded on lexicographic, folklore and ethnographic data. The analysis shows that the languages differ in terms of the neutral hyperonym denoting separation (Bulgarian разделям се, Russian расставаться), the internal grammatical asymmetry of the Russian verbs расставаться – *расставать, the richer choice of suffixes used in Russian, etc. The two languages share the poetical markedness of the words разлъка / разлука, richness of the lexis denoting the separation of lovers or spouses, etc. Keywords: contrastive analysis, ethnolinguistics, lexis denoting separation, Bulgarian language, Russian language

scholarly journals Indonesian Students’ Comprehension Of The French Articles (Les Articles): The Case Of Manado State University French Language Education Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
W E Sekeh
Keyword(s):  
Education Program ◽  
Language Education ◽  
French Language ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
State University ◽  
Indefinite Article ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
School Year ◽  
Article Type ◽  
Article Usage

 In French language, articles play an important role and one of the basic French skills is mastery of article usage. The objective of this study is to describe students’  performance and mastery of French articles. The research used descriptive research method. Data of the study were obtained by giving written tests of French language articles to French Language Education Program students enrolled in the 2018/2019 school year. The research instrument consisted of questions in the form of loose questions and questions in the form of text / short discourse. Data analysis used descriptive statistics analysis. Study result shows that students’ mastery of French article is quite low (Mean=48.28). However, there is difference in performance of each article type. Mastery of definite article is the highest (Mean=60.78)Keywords: definite article; indefinite article; partitive article; performance; mastery

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