scholarly journals РУСКАТА И БЪЛГАРСКАТА ЛЕКСИКА ЗА ОЗНАЧАВАНЕ НА РАЗДЯЛА: СЪПОСТАВИТЕЛЕН ЕТНОЛИНГВИСТИЧЕН АСПЕКТ/RUSSIAN AND BULGARIAN LEXIS DENOTING SEPARATION: A CONTRASTIVE ETHNOLINGUISTIC VIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (03) ◽  
pp. 13-29
Author(s):  
Irina Sedakova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Distinct Features

The article analyzes the semantics, usage and stylistic features of Russian and Bulgarian derivatives from the common Slavic roots děl-, lǫč- and sta- denoting different aspects of the separation of people. The author’s goal is to identify shared and distinct features in the micro-thematic lexical groups and the potential of each of the three roots in the two languages. The investigation is founded on lexicographic, folklore and ethnographic data. The analysis shows that the languages differ in terms of the neutral hyperonym denoting separation (Bulgarian разделям се, Russian расставаться), the internal grammatical asymmetry of the Russian verbs расставаться – *расставать, the richer choice of suffixes used in Russian, etc. The two languages share the poetical markedness of the words разлъка / разлука, richness of the lexis denoting the separation of lovers or spouses, etc. Keywords: contrastive analysis, ethnolinguistics, lexis denoting separation, Bulgarian language, Russian language

A Cooperative Species

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Bowles ◽  
Herbert Gintis
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Cooperative Groups ◽  
Social Emotions ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Group Competition ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Shame And Guilt ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ethnographic Data

Why do humans, uniquely among animals, cooperate in large numbers to advance projects for the common good? Contrary to the conventional wisdom in biology and economics, this generous and civic-minded behavior is widespread and cannot be explained simply by far-sighted self-interest or a desire to help close genealogical kin. This book shows that the central issue is not why selfish people act generously, but instead how genetic and cultural evolution has produced a species in which substantial numbers make sacrifices to uphold ethical norms and to help even total strangers. The book describes how, for thousands of generations, cooperation with fellow group members has been essential to survival. Groups that created institutions to protect the civic-minded from exploitation by the selfish flourished and prevailed in conflicts with less cooperative groups. Key to this process was the evolution of social emotions such as shame and guilt, and our capacity to internalize social norms so that acting ethically became a personal goal rather than simply a prudent way to avoid punishment. Using experimental, archaeological, genetic, and ethnographic data to calibrate models of the coevolution of genes and culture as well as prehistoric warfare and other forms of group competition, the book provides a compelling and novel account of human cooperation.

scholarly journals Russian philosophy and the formation of the Russian national and cultural canon: problems and prospects ([Review on:] Malinov A.V. Research and articles on Russian philosophy. Saint Petersburg: RHGA, 2020, 608 p.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 181-190
Author(s):  
A.B. Bocharov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
The Common ◽  
Evolution Of Ideas ◽  
The Russian Language

This work is devoted to the analysis of the book by A.V. Malinov “Research and Articles on Russian Philosophy”. The main subject-content and thematic-subject lines of the book are revealed: philosophy of Slavophiles; historical, cultural and philosophical contexts of V.S. Solovyov and V.V. Rozanov; professional philosophy in Russia. Points to the variety of genres published in a collection of articles and materials of historical and philosophical articles, teaching materials (lectures and paragraphs from the textbooks), archival materials, methodological reflections. The author considers the interpretations of A.S. Khomyakov, the Slavophil ideas of O.F. Miller, the evolution of ideas about the common Slavic language, the attitude of V.S. Solovyov with N.I. Kareyev and St. Petersburg Slavophiles (including the polemic of V.S. Soloviev with the Slavophiles in the last work of the Russian philosopher – “Three Conversations”), V.V. Rozanov with the Slavophiles and V.I. Lamansky, features of V.V. Rozanov, the philosophical heritage of A.I. Vvedensky and the controversy caused by him, the place of L.P. Karsavin in the tradition of teaching the philosophy of history at St. Petersburg University, the specifics and historical path traversed by university philosophy in Russia, the modernization of the methods of modern historical and philosophical research, etc. The author notes the author's appeal to little-studied representatives of Russian philosophy, original interpretations of biographical and historical-philosophical plots, the use of the expressive possibilities of the Russian language, enriching the interpretive possibilities of the historiography of Russian philosophy. The conclusion is made about the preservation of the “Russian canon” in the research of Russian philosophy, about its heuristic possibilities. The author's intention is explained and the value of research of this kind, serving the purpose of reinterpreting the ideas of Russian philosophy, solving the problem of preserving the values and meanings of Russian culture in the modern historical and cultural context, is indicated.

scholarly journals Pathologic and Radiologic Correlation of Adult Cystic Lung Disease: A Comprehensive Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prajwal Boddu ◽  
Vamsi Parimi ◽  
Michale Taddonio ◽  
Joshua Robert Kane ◽  
Anjana Yeldandi
Keyword(s):  
Cyst Formation ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Disease Evolution ◽  
Cystic Lung ◽  
Disease Entities ◽  
The Common ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
Radiologic Features

The presence of pulmonary parenchymal cysts on computed tomography (CT) imaging presents a significant diagnostic challenge. The diverse range of possible etiologies can usually be differentiated based on the clinical setting and radiologic features. In fact, the advent of high-resolution CT has facilitated making a diagnosis solely on analysis of CT image patterns, thus averting the need for a biopsy. While it is possible to make a fairly specific diagnosis during early stages of disease evolution by its characteristic radiological presentation, distinct features may progress to temporally converge into relatively nonspecific radiologic presentations sometimes necessitating histological examination to make a diagnosis. The aim of this review study is to provide both the pathologist and the radiologist with an overview of the diseases most commonly associated with cystic lung lesions primarily in adults by illustration and description of pathologic and radiologic features of each entity. Brief descriptions and characteristic radiologic features of the various disease entities are included and illustrative examples are provided for the common majority of them. In this article, we also classify pulmonary cystic disease with an emphasis on the pathophysiology behind cyst formation in an attempt to elucidate the characteristics of similar cystic appearances seen in various disease entities.

African perceptions of Europeans in the early period of Portuguese expeditions to West Africa

Itinerario ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Tymowski
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Early Period ◽  
West African ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
West African Coast ◽  
The Common ◽  
Distinct Features

The aim to this article is to analyse the judgments and opinions of Africans about Europeans during the early Portuguese expeditions to West Africa in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. While opinions of Europeans about Africans are for that period certified by numerous and varied sources, the opinions of Africans are difficult to examine. Cultures of the West African coast in the fifteen and early sixteen century were illiterate. Local oral traditions do not go back – within the scope of this field of interest – to such distant centuries. There are two types of sources: Firstly, African statements written down in European texts, which require a particularly critical approach; secondly, some Africans expressed their opinions about Europeans in works of Art. These include the statues of Europeans from the area of present-day Sierra Leone (the Sapi people), and from the state of Benin (the Edo people). In this article the author examines: 1) the circumstances in which the Africans expressed their opinions (ad hoc meetings, political negotiations, trade, court ceremonies); 2) the authors (individuals or social and ethnic groups), which were attributed the judgments; 3) the content of speeches; and 4) the motives which guided the Africans. Then author compares individual cases, analyses the common characteristics and the distinct features of judgments and opinions known to us, and discusses the possibility of identification of general traits of Africans’ opinions about Europeans.

Comparison of five automated urine sediment analyzers with manual microscopy for accurate identification of urine sediment

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1744-1753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jooyoung Cho ◽  
Kyeong Jin Oh ◽  
Beom Chan Jeon ◽  
Sang-Guk Lee ◽  
Jeong-Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Urine Sediment ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Manual Processing ◽  
The Common ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
Clinical Algorithms

Abstract Background While the introduction of automated urine analyzers is expected to reduce the labor involved, turnaround time and potential assay variations, microscopic examination remains the “gold standard” for the analysis of urine sediments. In this study, we evaluated the analytical and diagnostic performance of five recently introduced automated urine sediment analyzers. Methods A total of 1016 samples were examined using five automated urine sediment analyzers and manual microscopy. Concordance of results from each automated analyzer and manual microscopy were evaluated. In addition, image and microscopic review rates of each system were investigated. Results The proportional bias for red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and squamous epithelial cells in the automated urine sediment analyzers were within ±20% of values obtained using the manual microscope, except in the cases of RBCs and WBCs analyzed using URiSCAN PlusScope and Iris iQ200SPRINT, respectively. The sensitivities of Roche Cobas® u 701 and Siemens UAS800 for pathologic casts (73.6% and 81.1%, respectively) and crystals (62.2% and 49.5%, respectively) were high, along with high image review rates (24.6% and 25.2%, respectively). The detection rates for crystals, casts and review rates can be changed for the Sysmex UF-5000 platform according to cut-off thresholds. Conclusions Each automated urine sediment analyzer has certain distinct features, in addition to the common advantages of reducing the burden of manual processing. Therefore, laboratory physicians are encouraged to understand these features, and to utilize each system in appropriate ways, considering clinical algorithms and laboratory workflow.

Семантико-синтаксичні особливості українських й англійських паремій: зіставний аспект

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 295-303
Author(s):  
Svitlana Szulha
Keyword(s):  
Structural Models ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Wide Sense ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Objective Reality ◽  
The Common

The article in question deals with the linguistic contrastive analysis of the semanticosyntactic structure of Ukrainian and English proverbs. The attention has been focused on the sentence structure including stylistic, functional and semantic overtones. Paroemias are considered as a complicated semantic category which may refl ect the specifi city of perception of the objective reality by the representatives of diff erent ethnos in general and each fragment in particular. In a wide sense a paroemia is an archetype unit that represents ancient culture, traditions and mentality of each nation. The common and diff erent features have been identifi ed according to structure, lexical background and meaning. The most widespread similarities and diff erences have been determined in both languages with the help of structural models.

Periphrastic Progressive Constructions in Dutch and Afrikaans: A Contrastive Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adri Breed ◽  
Frank Brisard ◽  
Ben Verhoeven
Keyword(s):  
Exact Nature ◽  
Common Ancestry ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Verb Constructions ◽  
The Common

Given the common ancestry of Dutch and Afrikaans, it is not surprising that they use similar periphrastic constructions to express progressive meaning:aan het(Dutch) andaan die/’t(Afrikaans) lit. ‘at the’;bezig met/(om)te(Dutch) lit. ‘busy with/to’ andbesig om telit. ‘busy to’ (Afrikaans); and so-called cardinal posture verb constructions (zitten/sit‘sit’,staan‘stand’,liggen/lê‘lie’ andlopen/loop‘walk’), CPVte(‘to’ Dutch) and CPVen(‘and’ Afrikaans). However, these cognate constructions have grammaticalized to different extents. To assess the exact nature of these differences, we analyzed the constructions with respect to overall frequency, collocational range, and transitivity (compatibility with transitive predicates and passivizability). We used two corpora that are equal in size (both about 57 million words) and contain roughly the same types of written text. It turns out that the use of periphrastic progressives is generally more widespread in Afrikaans than in Dutch. As far as grammaticalization is concerned, we found that the Afrikaansaan die- and CPV-constructions, as well as the Dutchbezig- and CPV-constructions, are semantically restricted. In addition, only the Afrikaansbesig- and CPVen-constructions allow passivization, which is remarkable for such periphrastic expressions.*

scholarly journals Potential of Church Slavonic lexicology in teaching Serbian students Russian language

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Danilo Božović
Keyword(s):  
Professional Competence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Slavonic Language ◽  
Russian Intelligentsia ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Russian Language

The article presents a retrospective analysis and focuses on the possibility of relying on a common Church Slavonic element that has been preserved in the Russian and Serbian languages. It points to the common roots of the Russian and Serbian languages, notes the great influence of All-Slavic Orthodox literary activity on Old Russian literature and language, as well as the influence of Russian intelligentsia and Russian language in general on the language and mentality of educated Serbs in the 18th and 19th centuries. At the same time, the negative impact of the West (primarily Austria) on the separation of the Serbian language from Russian through the reform of the Serbian language and alphabet, which was carried out with the participation of Vuk Karadzic, is shown. The article assesses the activities of Serbian intellectuals and pro-Western Serbian politicians of the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries in shaping the attitude of Serbian society towards the Church Slavonic language, Church Slavism in Serbian language and the Russian language. The presented analysis contributes to the formation of a position among Serbian Russian students, future teachers and translators in the field of intercultural communication, and the growth of professional competence.

scholarly journals Dependency Between Grammatical Structure of Language and Verbal Thinking Strategies

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Vladimirovna Savitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Grammatical Subject ◽  
Thinking Strategies ◽  
Historic Development ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Verbal Thinking

The article contains a discussion of how the grammatical structure of a language determines sentence structure and affects verbal thinking strategy. The stages of languages’ historic development (incorporative, ergative, nominative) and the relationship between sentence structure and native speakers’ thinking are characterized. The common case of the grammatical subject of a sentence does mean that Anglo-Saxons regard themselves as their own fortune’s active makers and masters. The common case equally expresses success and failure, activity and passivity, self-will and conformity. Nowadays, languages of all the three types coexist on the Globe. The languages of the first two types are used not only by primitive peoples but also by civilized nations. But this does not mean that civilized speakers think archaically. Methods and conclusions. Contrastive analysis of language material (English personal and Russian impersonal morphosyntactic constructions) enables the author to conclude: there is no direct correlation between national character and sentence structure. The connection between thinking and grammar does not consist in this; it consists in the choice of thinking strategies based on the grammatical potential of the language under discussion.

scholarly journals Conducting Research About Undocumented Migrants

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-60
Author(s):  
Jussi S. Jauhiainen ◽  
Miriam Tedeschi
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Conducting Research

AbstractConducting research about undocumented migrants is, for various reasons, always challenging. Very seldom are available accurate information and comprehensive statistical data on their demographic, economic, and social situations. Furthermore, there are many kinds of undocumented migrants, and it is often difficult for researchers to contact them.This chapter discusses the methodological challenges of conducting research about undocumented migrants, especially in situations in which no previous data is available and undocumented migrants are wary of attempts to study them. The chapter explains in detail how to design research using triangulated quantitative survey data and qualitative ethnographic data on undocumented migrants; how to analyse and reflect upon them in ways that avoid biased results as far as possible; and the common challenges and opportunities of this kind of research. Finally, the chapter posits solutions, paying extensive attention to research ethics, and especially to the power imbalance between researchers and the researched, and the precautions that need to be taken and ensured in order to avoid data leakage and/or wrongful exposure—which are topics of the utmost importance when conducting research about undocumented migrants.

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