scholarly journals Penentuan Jumlah Tenaga Kerja pada Departemen Produksi di PT. XYZ dengan Metode Programa Dinamis untuk Meminimasi Biaya Tenaga Kerja

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
Sinta Rahmawati ◽  
Andri Rachmat Kumalasian Nasution ◽  
Muhamad Bagus Nurholik
Keyword(s):  
Regular Time

PT. XYZ merupakan perusahaan perakitan komponen elektronika berupa transformator dengan tipe TLF, TLV, TU dan DRB. Kondisi yang terjadi saat ini yaitu perusahaan tidak bisa memenuhi permintaan secara regular time dan harus mengambil keputusan untuk melakukan overtime dan subcontract. Keputusan ini diambil karena seringnya tenaga kerja multi skill dipindahkan dari stasiun kerja satu ke stasiun kerja lain serta dari departemen satu ke departemen lain untuk memenuhi permintaan konsumen. Dampak yang diperoleh dari kondisi tersebut adalah biaya tenaga kerja yang dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan menjadi lebih tinggi. Untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut maka diperlukan perhitungan jumlah tenaga kerja yang dibutuhkan di setiap stasiun kerja pada keseluruhan departemen. Penentuan jumlah tenaga kerja usulan ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode programa dinamis. Langkah awal pada penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi varibel input, variabel keputusan dan kendala yang ada, selanjutnya membuat fungsi tujuan dan menyelesaikan masalah dengan metode programa dinamis. Pada penelitian ini, output berupa jumlah tenaga kerja yang dipilih berdasarkan biaya yang paling minimal akan menjadi input pada periode selanjutnya. Dengan mengimplementasikan metode usulan, perusahaan dapat menghemat biaya tenaga kerja yang dikeluarkan dengan selisih dari metode aktual dan usulan sebesar Rp 2.811.651 (dalam satuan ribuan) pada periode April.

Validation of annual growth increments in the Otoliths of two species of Damselfish from the Southern Great Barrier Reef

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Fowler ◽  
PJ Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Great Barrier Reef ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Barrier Reef ◽  
Annual Basis ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Regular Time ◽  
Latitudinal Difference ◽  
Pomacentrus Moluccensis

If the otoliths of fish are to be used as an ageing tool, they must fulfil three criteria: they must display an internal structure of increments, this structure must be relatable to a regular time scale, and the otoliths must grow throughout the lives of the fish at a perceptible rate. These criteria were assessed for two species of damselfish: Pomacentrus moluccensis and P. wardi from One Tree Reef on the southern Great Barrier Reef. Transverse sections of sagittae from both species contained an alternating sequence of opaque and translucent zones that formed an interpretable pattern of increments. Treatment of fish with tetracycline showed that the opaque zones were formed on an annual basis, generally between spring and early summer. The assessment of growth of otoliths from fish treated with tetracycline indicated that those as old as 10 years of age were still laying down increments of regular thickness. Consequently, the otoliths from both species successfully fulfilled the three criteria required for the direct determination of age. Furthermore, this study helped to identify two levels of variation in otolith structure, manifested in the clarity and interpretability of the increments; there was an interspecies difference and a significant intraspecies latitudinal difference.

scholarly journals Speech rhythm: a metaphor?

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1658) ◽  
pp. 20130396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Nolan ◽  
Hae-Sung Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Traditional View ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Speech Rhythm ◽  
Linguistic Structure ◽  
Regular Time ◽  
Linguistic Functions ◽  
Absence Of Evidence ◽  
Metaphorical Extension ◽  
Analogical Process

Is speech rhythmic? In the absence of evidence for a traditional view that languages strive to coordinate either syllables or stress-feet with regular time intervals, we consider the alternative that languages exhibit contrastive rhythm subsisting merely in the alternation of stronger and weaker elements. This is initially plausible, particularly for languages with a steep ‘prominence gradient’, i.e. a large disparity between stronger and weaker elements; but we point out that alternation is poorly achieved even by a ‘stress-timed’ language such as English, and, historically, languages have conspicuously failed to adopt simple phonological remedies that would ensure alternation. Languages seem more concerned to allow ‘syntagmatic contrast’ between successive units and to use durational effects to support linguistic functions than to facilitate rhythm. Furthermore, some languages (e.g. Tamil, Korean) lack the lexical prominence which would most straightforwardly underpin prominence of alternation. We conclude that speech is not incontestibly rhythmic, and may even be antirhythmic. However, its linguistic structure and patterning allow the metaphorical extension of rhythm in varying degrees and in different ways depending on the language, and it is this analogical process which allows speech to be matched to external rhythms.

Processing and Excellent Oxidation Resistance of Nanocrystalline Fe-Cr Alloys

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 1122-1125
Author(s):  
Rajeev K. Gupta ◽  
B.V. Mahesh ◽  
R.K. Singh Raman ◽  
Carl C. Koch
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nanocrystalline Alloy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Protective Oxide ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Regular Time ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Energy Ball

Nanocrystalline and microcrystalline Fe-10Cr alloys were prepared by high energy ball milling followed by compaction and sintering, and then oxidized in air for 52 hours at 400°C. The oxidation resistance of nanocrystalline Fe-10Cr alloy as determined by measuring the weight gain after regular time intervals was compared with that of the microcrystalline alloy of same chemical composition (also prepared by the same processing route and oxidized under identical conditions). Oxidation resistance of nanocrystalline Fe10Cr alloy was found to be in excess of an order of magnitude superior than that of microcrystalline Fe10Cr alloy. The paper also presents results of secondary ion mass spectrometry of oxidized samples of nanocrystalline and microcrystalline Fe-Cr alloys, evidencing the formation of a more protective oxide scale in the nanocrystalline alloy.

scholarly journals The ex-illiterate brain: The critical period, cognitive reserve and HAROLD model

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Vania Silva Nunes ◽  
Alexandre Castro-Caldas ◽  
Dolores Del Rio ◽  
Fernado Maestú ◽  
Tomás Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Test ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
High Educational Level ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Language Recognition ◽  
Regular Time ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The lifelong acquisition of cognitive skills shapes the biology of the brain. However, there are critical periods for the best use of the brain to process the acquired information. Objectives: To discuss the critical period of cognitive acquisition, the concept of cognitive reserve and the HAROLD (Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Older adults) model. Methods: Seven women who learned how to read and to write after the age of 50 (ex-illiterates) and five women with 10 years of regular schooling (controls) were submitted to a language recognition test while brain activity was being recorded using magnetoencephalography. Spoken words were delivered binaurally via two plastic tubs terminating in ear inserts, and recordings were made with a whole head magnetometer consisting of 148 magnetometer coils. Results: Both groups performed similarly on the task of identifying target words. Analysis of the number of sources of activity in the left and right hemispheres revealed significant differences between the two groups, showing that ex-illiterate subjects exhibited less brain functional asymmetry during the language task. Conclusions: These results should be interpreted with caution because the groups were small. However, these findings reinforce the concept that poorly educated subjects tend to use the brain for information processing in a different way to subjects with a high educational level or who were schooled at the regular time. Finally, the recruiting of both hemispheres to tackle the language recognition test occurred to a greater degree in the ex-illiterate group where this can be interpreted as a sign of difficulty performing the task.

The canopy coverage is correlated with the number of shoots produced by Eucalyptus clones in a clonal mini-garden

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1411-1416
Author(s):  
Natália Saudade de Aguiar ◽  
Marcio Carlos Navroski ◽  
Letícia Miranda ◽  
Clenilso Sehnen Mota ◽  
Regiane Abjaud Estopa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Canopy Coverage ◽  
Regular Time ◽  
Eucalyptus Dunnii ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
High Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Number Of Shoots

In this work, we analyzed the correlation between the canopy coverage of two commercial clones of Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage and one of Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden and their shoot yields in a clonal mini-garden system. By canopy coverage, we referred to the area of a picture occupied by leaves (green area) when analyzed using computational resources. The mini-garden was set up to yield shoots on a regular time schedule (between 20 and 30 days) to obtain mini-cuttings for clonal propagation. Pictures were taken at approximately 30 cm above the upper leaves from the plots containing mini-stumps of each clone on the day before the collection of mini-cuttings for six consecutive harvests (approximately 6 months). The leaf coverage was obtained using the computational package Easy Leaf Area. Our results indicated a significantly high Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0744, P < 0.001) between the canopy coverage and the number of shoots produced by each clone. A logistic regression model was adjusted to this dataset, enabling a prediction of the number of shoots based on the canopy coverage. This approach has the potential for assisting forest nurseries in predicting the yield of mini-cuttings while conducting clonal propagation of their genetic materials.

A Method for Quantitative Analysis of the Kinematics of Fibroblast Migration in a Monolayer Wound Model

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gil Topman ◽  
Orna Sharabani-Yosef ◽  
Amit Gefen
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Wound Healing Assay ◽  
Complete Coverage ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Fibroblast Migration ◽  
Wound Model ◽  
Regular Time

A wound healing assay is simple but effective method to study cell migration in vitro. Cell migration in vitro was found to mimic migration in vivo to some extent [1,2]. In wound healing assays, a “wound” is created by either scraping or mechanically crushing cells in a monolayer, thereby forming a denuded area. Cells migrate into the denuded area to complete coverage, and thereby “heal” the wound. Micrographs at regular time intervals are captured during such experiments for analysis of the process of migration.

scholarly journals Using approximate Bayesian inference for a “steps and turns” continuous-time random walk observed at regular time intervals

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8452
Author(s):  
Sofia Ruiz-Suarez ◽  
Vianey Leos-Barajas ◽  
Ignacio Alvarez-Castro ◽  
Juan Manuel Morales
Keyword(s):  
State Space ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
State Space Model ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Space Model ◽  
Regular Time ◽  
Approximate Bayesian

The study of animal movement is challenging because movement is a process modulated by many factors acting at different spatial and temporal scales. In order to describe and analyse animal movement, several models have been proposed which differ primarily in the temporal conceptualization, namely continuous and discrete time formulations. Naturally, animal movement occurs in continuous time but we tend to observe it at fixed time intervals. To account for the temporal mismatch between observations and movement decisions, we used a state-space model where movement decisions (steps and turns) are made in continuous time. That is, at any time there is a non-zero probability of making a change in movement direction. The movement process is then observed at regular time intervals. As the likelihood function of this state-space model turned out to be intractable yet simulating data is straightforward, we conduct inference using different variations of Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC). We explore the applicability of this approach as a function of the discrepancy between the temporal scale of the observations and that of the movement process in a simulation study. Simulation results suggest that the model parameters can be recovered if the observation time scale is moderately close to the average time between changes in movement direction. Good estimates were obtained when the scale of observation was up to five times that of the scale of changes in direction. We demonstrate the application of this model to a trajectory of a sheep that was reconstructed in high resolution using information from magnetometer and GPS devices. The state-space model used here allowed us to connect the scales of the observations and movement decisions in an intuitive and easy to interpret way. Our findings underscore the idea that the time scale at which animal movement decisions are made needs to be considered when designing data collection protocols. In principle, ABC methods allow to make inferences about movement processes defined in continuous time but in terms of easily interpreted steps and turns.

scholarly journals Automatic Target Acquisition and Bull Tracker using Gps and Gsm Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2776-2779
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Target Acquisition ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Regular Time ◽  
Arduino Microcontroller

An efficient bull tracking system is designed and implemented for tracking the movement of any bull from any location at any time. The designed device works using GPS and GSM technology for bull tracking. Arduino microcontroller is used to control the GPS and GSM module. The device is embedded on a bull whose position is to be determined and tracked in real time. The microcontroller is used to control the GPS module to get the coordinates at regular time intervals. The GSM module is used to transmit the updated coordinates of bull location to the client via SMS and mobile application. When the SMS is received, the app will automatically read the SMS and update the location of the bull to the user. This device will help the user to always keep an eye on their bull.

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