scholarly journals South Africa’s Strategic Investment on its National Security in Southern Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Security ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Regional Power ◽  
Strategic Investment ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
External Relations ◽  
To Come ◽  
Global Strength

South Africa is a country of global, continental and regional strategic importance. It is a global actor with the well-entrenched and long-standing international political and corporate role and presence and relative global strength. It is Africa’s qualitatively largest and strongest diversified economy. It is African continental and Southern African regional power with considerable continental and regional strength. These factors give it enormous advantages and privileges in playing a leading role in African affairs. They also, dialectically, serve as its key challenges it faces in its efforts to structurally transform its society and to contribute towards structural regional and continental restructuring. How given these factors should South Africa strategically invest on its national security in Southern Africa – the region where it has considerable power and authority – a region whose dependence upon it is a dominated process? There is a fundamental need for this process to be substantially reduced for South Africa’s long-term strategic interests. Its sustainable national security and increased progressive role in African affairs require truly regional allies in a requisite position to come to its aid in a period of its urgent need. Weak regional countries crucially depending on South Africa are of less importance to it. The achievement of their sustainable development is in the long-term strategic interests of South Africa in its internal and external relations. It is not only regional countries which need South Africa for their national security. South Africa also critically needs them particularly as a country expected to substantially increase its leading role in the structural regional and continental transformation. Its sustainable national security lies not only with the majority of its people, based on the satisfaction of their interests, investing on its defence, but also with the structurally restructured region walking together with it in the advancement of the structural continental transformation.

Southern Africa: A Cataclysm Averted?

Worldview ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Ross K. Baker
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
World Power ◽  
External Relations ◽  
The Republic

In a time when idiocies such as the domino theory comprise a substantial part of American foreign policy one has to look hard for evidence that authentic national interest is anywhere being invoked as a rationale for external relations. That the Republic of South Africa seems to be a world power demonstrating innovation in diplomacy and putting shibboleths in their rightful place says something about the genera] bankruptcy of Western statecraft. While Ford and Kissinger flail about seeking justifications for American failures and misalliances, a moldy, outcast regime in Pretoria has embarked upon a path of diplomatic initiative which has effectively breached the wall of isolation that has surrounded it for two decades. The motives of the regime of John Vorster may be sinister and base, but there appears to be a far more sophisticated perception of long-term interests in Pretoria than in Washington.

A review of carbon dioxide capture and sequestration and the Kyoto Protocol’s clean development mechanism and prospects for Southern Africa

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lotz ◽  
A.C. Brent
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Clean Development Mechanism ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Capture ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Certified Emission Reduction ◽  
Development Mechanism

AbstractThe clean development mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol is a financial incentive intended to make economically marginal greenhouse gas (GHG) prevention projects more feasible. Carbon dioxide capture and sequestration (CCS) is a possi-ble GHG mitigating strategy. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines a CCS project as a process consisting of three phases: the separation of carbon dioxide from industrial and energy-related sources; transportation of the carbon dioxide to a storage location; and long-term isola-tion of the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This paper focuses on prospects of CCS as CDM projects in general and in the context of Southern Africa. Currently there is no evidence of a long term proven track record of integrated CCS systems; only three industrial scale CCS projects exist global-ly. Nevertheless, new concepts have been proposed for CCS CDM projects such as long-term liability and certified emission reduction (CER) cancellation. However, these concepts are not in the current CDM framework at present. It is thus difficult to prove CCS as an eligible CDM project without first addressing possible expansion and shortfalls of the current CDM structure. More research is also required to quantify the trade offs presented between mitigating carbon dioxide from the atmos-phere at the possible detriment of the areas of stor-age in the Southern Africa context. Only then may CCS projects be deemed more viable in the CDM context. Finally, although the potential for CCS in South Africa has been noted due to major point sources, the cost of capture and storage is a major obstacle; matching point sources and geological storage options is problematic for South Africa and neighbouring countries due to large transport dis-tances. The regulatory risks associated with CCS are further deterrents for the implementation of CCS CDM projects in Southern Africa in the near future.

scholarly journals Online appendix 1:Collection stewardship constrained by resources: The management of religious archives in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal region

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Garaba
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
African Society ◽  
The South ◽  
South African Society ◽  
Online Appendix ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Voice

A survey using questionnaires, observation and interviews was conducted in 2011 to ascertain the collection stewardship strategies of archival repositories with religious archives in Pietermaritzburg. The study concluded that there was a need to establish a religious archives group in order for the voice of ecclesiastical archives to resonate across South Africa. Through this group, it is hoped that there will be greater coordination and networking amongst the archival repositories. The help of associations such as the South African Society of Archivists, the Oral History Association of South Africa and the South African Preservation Group could greatly assist in fostering best practices in archival management. To champion this worthwhile cause, it would be ideal to come up with an Open Day on religious archives to serve as an advocacy platform. These recommendations are made against a backdrop of the poor state of religious archives in Pietermaritzburg, resulting from acute underfunding and which threatens the survival of this record in the long term.

scholarly journals Online appendix 2:Collection stewardship constrained by resources: The management of religious archives in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal region

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Garaba
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
African Society ◽  
The South ◽  
South African Society ◽  
Online Appendix ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Voice

A survey using questionnaires, observation and interviews was conducted in 2011 to ascertain the collection stewardship strategies of archival repositories with religious archives in Pietermaritzburg. The study concluded that there was a need to establish a religious archives group in order for the voice of ecclesiastical archives to resonate across South Africa. Through this group, it is hoped that there will be greater coordination and networking amongst the archival repositories. The help of associations such as the South African Society of Archivists, the Oral History Association of South Africa and the South African Preservation Group could greatly assist in fostering best practices in archival management. To champion this worthwhile cause, it would be ideal to come up with an Open Day on religious archives to serve as an advocacy platform. These recommendations are made against a backdrop of the poor state of religious archives in Pietermaritzburg, resulting from acute underfunding and which threatens the survival of this record in the long term.

Anti-West bias mars South Africa's global influence

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
The West ◽  
Unsuccessful Attempt ◽  
Content Type ◽  
State Security ◽  
To Come ◽  
Global Influence

Significance Minister of State Security David Mahlobo was quick to dismiss the alert, saying "there was no immediate danger", emphasising that South Africa is a "stable democracy". His defensive tone has come to characterise Pretoria's difficult relations with the West. Impacts Nigeria's role in representing Africa in global fora will grow, as indicated by its leader's prominent role in the UK's anti-graft summit. Zuma's unsuccessful attempt to energise the Burundi peace process could undermine his standing as a leading mediator in SSA. Trade with Iran could expand given the lifting of Western sanctions and growing bilateral diplomatic ties. Pretoria's criticism of Israel will persist, with rebukes claiming similarities between it and South Africa's previous apartheid system. The next AU head is unlikely to come from Southern Africa; a figure from a Francophone state is probable.

scholarly journals Introduction to the proceedings of the symposium "the state of nature conservation in southern Africa"

Koedoe ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. De Graaff ◽  
P.T. Van der Walt
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Nature Conservation ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Board Of Trustees ◽  
Conservation Movement ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cross Fertilization

The idea of arranging this symposium originated with the Chief Director of the National Parks Board of Trustees, Dr R Knobel, towards the end of 1974. It is often stated that the Republic of South Africa (RSA) plays a leading role in the global conservation movement, but that there seems to be a lack of cross-fertilization with other countries and that the RSA is failing to implant the philosophy of nature conservation in the presently developing countries. Unless the emerging states can be convinced of the value of wildlife for mankind, there remains little hope for any future action concerning nature conservation.

scholarly journals Between Beijing and Washington: Israel's Technology Transfers to China

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoram Evron
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Principal Factor ◽  
Export Control ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Technology Transfers ◽  
To Come ◽  
Defense Contracts ◽  
Constant Element

Technological ties between Israel and China have always been a central and constant element of their relationship. Defense contracts played a leading role here but were also responsible for the severe crisis that erupted between the countries in the early 2000s after Israel, capitulating to US pressure, backed off from its commitment to provide China with military technologies. This not only forced Israel to sever its defense relations with China but also made US-Israel relations a principal factor in the Sino-Israeli connection and imposed tight constraints on Israel's technology transfers to China generally. For Israel, this placed the dilemma of commercial versus political and national security interests at the forefront, since technology connections allowed it to promote its economic, political, and strategic causes through China. Indeed, while technology ties between the states have not stopped entirely—they have shifted to the civilian sphere—technology transfers to China are subject to heavy limitations, and Israel's export control mechanism faces greater challenges to screen them. As China's economic and political influence is ever increasing, Israel's cautious approach to technology transfers to China may be expected to come under mounting pressure.

scholarly journals Emissions of mercury in southern Africa derived from long-term observations at Cape Point, South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 7465-7474 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.-G. Brunke ◽  
R. Ebinghaus ◽  
H. H. Kock ◽  
C. Labuschagne ◽  
F. Slemr
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Elemental Mercury ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
Pronounced Difference ◽  
Mercury Emissions ◽  
Co Emission ◽  
Emission Ratios

Abstract. Mercury emissions in South Africa have so far been estimated only by a bottom-up approach from activities and emission factors for different processes. In this paper we derive GEM/CO (GEM being gaseous elemental mercury, Hg0), GEM/CO2, GEM/CH4, CO/CO2, CH4/CO2, and CH4/CO emission ratios from plumes observed during long-term monitoring of these species at Cape Point between March 2007 and December 2009. The average observed GEM/CO, GEM/CO2, GEM/CH4, CO/CO2, CH4/CO2, and CH4/CO emission ratios were 2.40 ± 2.65 pg m−3 ppb−1 (n = 47), 62.7 ± 80.2 pg m−3 ppm−1 (n = 44), 3.61 ± 4.66 pg m−3 ppb−1 (n = 46), 35.6 ± 25.4 ppb ppm−1 (n = 52), 20.2 ± 15.5 ppb ppm−1 (n = 48), and 0.876 ± 1.106 ppb ppb−1 (n = 42), respectively. The observed CO/CO2, CH4/CO2, and CH4/CO emission ratios agree within the combined uncertainties of the observations and emissions with the ratios calculated from EDGAR (version 4.2) CO2, CO, and CH4 inventories for South Africa and southern Africa (South Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique) in 2007 and 2008 (inventories for 2009 are not available yet). Total elemental mercury emission of 13.1, 15.2, and 16.1 t Hg yr−1 are estimated independently using the GEM/CO, GEM/CO2, and GEM/CH4 emission ratios and the annual mean CO, CO2, and CH4 emissions, respectively, of South Africa in 2007 and 2008. The average of these independent estimates of 14.8 t GEM yr−1 is much less than the total emission of 257 t Hg yr−1 shown by older inventories which are now considered to be wrong. Considering the uncertainties of our emission estimate, of the emission inventories, and the fact that emission of GEM represents 50–78 % of all mercury emissions, our estimate is comparable to the currently cited GEM emissions in 2004 and somewhat smaller than emissions in 2006. A further increase of mercury emissions due to increasing electricity consumption will lead to a more pronounced difference. A quantitative assessment of the difference and its significance, however, will require emission inventories for the years of observations (2007–2009) as well as better data on the speciation of the total mercury emissions in South Africa.

The Basotho Nation-State: What Legacy for the Future?

1981 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Weisfelder
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Weapon

Virtually all analyses of Lesotho's political framework have agreed that strong elements of national identity have neither forestalled domestic conflict nor served to promote a unified assault on awesome economic problems. Hence many writers imply that a major asset, rarely found in independent Africa, has been wasted.1 Roger Leys has perceptively applied dependency theories of a ‘labour reserve’ economy to Lesotho,2 and spends considerable effort on historical analysis aimed at demonstrating the duration and pervasiveness of this process of systematic underdevelopment. In his conclusion he suggests that ‘the long and courageous battle of the Basotho to assert their dignity and worth is in fact a resource and political weapon of incomparable significance in the long-term battle for the liberation of southern Africa.’ Leys infers that national and class identities are interrelated, and possibly reinforcing, when he says that ‘the history of the struggle of the Basotho people and the very degree of their integration into the black working class of South Africa is a formidable weapon.’3

scholarly journals Collection stewardship constrained by resources: The management of religious archives in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal region

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Garaba
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
South African ◽  
African Society ◽  
The South ◽  
South African Society ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Voice

A survey using questionnaires, observation and interviews was conducted in 2011 to ascertain the collection stewardship strategies of archival repositories with religious archives in Pietermaritzburg. The study concluded that there was a need to establish a religious archives group in order for the voice of ecclesiastical archives to resonate across South Africa. Through this group, it is hoped that there will be greater coordination and networking amongst the archival repositories. The help of associations such as the South African Society of Archivists, the Oral History Association of South Africa and the South African Preservation Group could greatly assist in fostering best practices in archival management. To champion this worthwhile cause, it would be ideal to come up with an Open Day on religious archives to serve as an advocacy platform. These recommendations are made against a backdrop of the poor state of religious archives in Pietermaritzburg, resulting from acute underfunding and which threatens the survival of this record in the long term.

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