scholarly journals Pemurnian Kitosan Hasil Fermentasi Limbah Cangkang Kepiting Menggunakan Pelarut Asam Asetat

FLUIDA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Holis Muhlis ◽  
Alfariz Dwi Pradana ◽  
Unung Leoanggraini
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus

Kitosan dapat diperoleh melelaui proses fermentasi yang dilakukan secara sekuensial menggunakan bakteri Lactobacillus acidophilus dan Bacillus subtilis. Salah satu upaya peningkatan kualitas produk kitosan dapat dilakukan dengan proses pemurnian melalui metode ekstraksi padat cair dengan pelarut asam.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi rasio kitosan hasil fermentasi dengan pelarut asam asetat 1% terhadap tingkat kemurnian kitosan yang dihasilkan. Proses pemurnian kitosan dilakukan dengan variasi rasio kitosan hasil fermentasi terhadap pelarut asam asetat 1% pada perbandingan 1:60, 1:80, 1:100 dan 1:120 (b/v). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum proses pemurnian kitosan diperoleh pada rasio 1:60 dengan nilai kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein, kelarutan dalam asam asetat 1% dan derajat deasetilasi berturut-turut sebesar 24,3%, 58,6%, 9,2%, 93,3% dan 75,5%.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotic supplementation on reproductive performance and noxious gas emission in sows

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsuk Jeong ◽  
Jongkeun Kim ◽  
Sangin Lee ◽  
Inho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Lactating Sows

Abstract The impacts of probiotics supplementation on reproduction performance and noxious gas emission in sows was evaluated in an experiment with a total of thirty sows (second-parity), from 4 weeks prior to farrowing, to day 21 of lactation. The gestation and lactation diets of sows were supplemented with probiotics containing Bacillus subtilis (1.2 × 107 cfu/g) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (1.15 × 106 cfu/g). Treatment included: basal diet (CON), basal diet + 0.1% probiotics (PB0.1), and basal diet + 0.2% probiotics (PB0.2). The supplementation of dietary probiotics significantly improved average daily feed intake during the lactation period (quadratic, P = 0.0429), sow backfat thickness during the weaning period (linear, P = 0.0385), and initial body weight of piglets (linear, P = 0.0054) as compared with CON, respectively. Furthermore, the supplementation of dietary probiotics reduced noxious gas emission as compared with CON (linear, P<0.05 for day 5 and day 10), respectively. In conclusion, dietary probiotics containing B. subtilis and L. acidophilus improved the growth performance of sows, resulted in increased weaning body weight of piglets, and induced an effective and significant reduction in fecal noxious gas emission in lactating sows, as compared with CON.

scholarly journals Enhancing glutamine production by optimising the GS-GOGAT pathway in Corynebacterium glutamicum and NH4+-limited fermentation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunpeng Liu ◽  
Lanxiao Li ◽  
Jinduo Wang ◽  
Qingyang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Original Strain ◽  
Strong Promoter ◽  
Glutamine Synthase ◽  
Glutamine Production

Abstract: The GS-GOGAT pathway is a key metabolic pathway of glutamate and glutamine. Optimising this pathway, leading to metabolic flux to glutamine, can increase glutamine production and reduce the production of the by-product glutamate. The NH-limited fermentation process limits the concentration of NH to increase the activity of GS and further increase the yield of glutamine. The GS-GOGAT pathway was optimised by knocking out the GOGAT genes NCgl0181 and NCgl0182 and the glutaminase genes NCgl2395 and NCgl2500 and by integrating a copy of the GS gene glnAbsu from Bacillus subtilis and a copy of the glutamine synthase gene glnAlcb from Lactobacillus acidophilus into the genomic NCgl0182 and NCgl2500 sites. Furthermore, the pXT01 plasmid with the strong promoter tuf was used to overexpress glnAbsu and glnAlcb. To obtain an optimal NH-limited fermentation process, the effects of starting feeding with (NH)SO at different times of fermentation and three (NH)SO feeding strategies on glutamine fermentation were studied, and a NH-limited fermentation process that was the most suitable for glutamine fermentation was determined. After optimising the GS-GOGAT pathway, Corynebacterium glutamicum G-6 was subjected to the NH-limited fermentation process to greatly increase the production of glutamine. The yield of glutamine reached 98.7 g/L, which was 104.8% higher than that in the original strain GM34; the content of glutamate reached 4.5 g/L, which then decreased by 85.2%; the GS activity increased significantly, and the sugar-acid conversion rate reached 41.2%.

scholarly journals Enhancing glutamine production by optimising the GS-GOGAT pathway in Corynebacterium glutamicum and NH4+-limited fermentation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunpeng Liu ◽  
Lanxiao Li ◽  
Jinduo Wang ◽  
Qingyang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Original Strain ◽  
Strong Promoter ◽  
Glutamine Synthase ◽  
Glutamine Production

Abstract: The GS-GOGAT pathway is a key metabolic pathway of glutamate and glutamine. Optimising this pathway, leading to metabolic flux to glutamine, can increase glutamine production and reduce the production of the by-product glutamate. The NH-limited fermentation process limits the concentration of NH to increase the activity of GS and further increase the yield of glutamine. The GS-GOGAT pathway was optimised by knocking out the GOGAT genes NCgl0181 and NCgl0182 and the glutaminase genes NCgl2395 and NCgl2500 and by integrating a copy of the GS gene glnAbsu from Bacillus subtilis and a copy of the glutamine synthase gene glnAlcb from Lactobacillus acidophilus into the genomic NCgl0182 and NCgl2500 sites. Furthermore, the pXT01 plasmid with the strong promoter tuf was used to overexpress glnAbsu and glnAlcb. To obtain an optimal NH-limited fermentation process, the effects of starting feeding with (NH)SO at different times of fermentation and three (NH)SO feeding strategies on glutamine fermentation were studied, and a NH-limited fermentation process that was the most suitable for glutamine fermentation was determined. After optimising the GS-GOGAT pathway, Corynebacterium glutamicum G-6 was subjected to the NH-limited fermentation process to greatly increase the production of glutamine. The yield of glutamine reached 98.7 g/L, which was 104.8% higher than that in the original strain GM34; the content of glutamate reached 4.5 g/L, which then decreased by 85.2%; the GS activity increased significantly, and the sugar-acid conversion rate reached 41.2%.

650. The influence of temperature on the generation time of bacteria commonly found in milk: II. Examination of partial contributions over the full lactation period of two cows

1957 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Yotis ◽  
R. Teodoro
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Plate Counts

An attempt to show the effect of temperature on the rate of growth of bacteria in milk was made by finding the generation times ofSalmonella typhosa, Shigella dysenteriae, Streptococcus haemolyticus, Micrococcus pyogenes aureus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilisandAlcaligenes faecalisat temperatures ranging from 4 to 60°C. Growth was quantitatively measured by means of plate counts during the logarithmic period which was previously determined for each organism. The following is a summary of the results obtained:At 4° C. none of the micro-organisms showed evidence of multiplication during the 6hr.incubation.As temperatures of 5–45° C. were approached the generation time decreased until the optimum temperature for each organism was reached; beyond this point a slowing of growth was observed, until at 60° C. viability was apparently lost by all the organisms.Streptococcus haemolyticusandMicrococcus pyogenes aureushave a generation time of 37–23 min.Salmonella typhosaandShigella dysenteriaehave a generation time of 50–26 min.Escherichia coliandAlcaligenes faecalishave a generation time of 41–16 min.Bacillus subtilisgrows at about the same rate asAlcaligenes faecalis.The slowest organism of all appears to beLactobacillus acidophiluswith a generation time of 52–125 min.

Molecular analysis of mutatedLactobacillus acidophiluspromoter-like sequence P15

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 938-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavica Arsenijevic ◽  
Ljubisa Topisirovic
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Promoter Sequence ◽  
Chloramphenicol Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Promoter Probe

The promoter-like sequence P15 that was previously cloned from the chromosome of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 is active in Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Escherichia coli, but not in Lactococcus lactis. N-methyl-N-nitroso-N-guanidine (MNNG) mutagenesis of P15 was used to select for a promoter active in L. lactis MG1363. Molecular analysis of the mutated promoter (designated P16) revealed a 90 bp deletion and a T[Formula: see text]A transversion. This deletion, in combination with the addition to the transversion, created a promoter with putative -35 and -10 hexamers identical to the consensus promoter sequence found in E. coli and Bacillus subtilis vegetative promoters. The activity of P16 was measured by its ability to promote chloramphenicol resistance in different bacteria when inserted in the promoter-probe plasmid pBV5030 (designated pLA16). The MIC of chloramphenicol in L. lactis, L. reuteri, L. plantarum, E. coli, and L. acidophilus harbouring pLA16 were 30, 170, 180, >500, and 3 µg/mL, respectively. This represents an increase in promoter activity compared to P15 in L. reuteri of 3-fold, in L. plantarum of 9-fold, and in E. coli of at least 2.5-fold, but a decrease in L. acidophilus of 7-fold.Key words: Lactobacillus acidophilus, promoter-like sequence, mutagenesis.

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