scholarly journals Cross-American Experiences in an Ambitious Energy Reduction and Policy Implementation Project

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Spiegelhalter ◽  
◽  
Camilo Rosales ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Reduction ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Implementation Project ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Reduction

This paper is a summary of cross-American experiences while researching and implementing a considerable energy reduction grant in three Latin American municipalities: Valdivia, Chile; Goiania, Brazil, and Port of Spain in Trinidad and Tobago. The project involves over 400 buildings in three different bioclimatic zones. The grant’s purpose is to demonstrate how no-cost or low-cost strategies could be deployed as efficient examples of energy savings and greenhouse gas reduction in municipal buildings. The program, conducted through pilot projects, has been designed to influence many other cities in the participating countries and beyond.

Development of Advanced Train Control System in Japan and its Energy Saving Effect

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 1326-1332
Author(s):  
Hideo Nakamura ◽  
Jia Sun ◽  
Sei Takahashi ◽  
Masanori Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Reduction ◽  
Train Control ◽  
Block System ◽  
Train Control System ◽  
Saving Effect

Railways are an energy-efficient mode of transportation. Even so, efforts are being made to attain even further energy savings. The latest train-car model of the Shinkansen bullet train, while achieving enriched functionality and improved performance, has attained a 49% energy reduction compared with the 0-series Shinkansen train-cars that debuted at the start of Shinkansen's operation. Also, in the underlying train control system, technologies that will lead to energy reduction have been developed. In order to achieve further energy savings and higher-performance train control, we are developing a new train control system known as Automatic Train Protection and Block System (sometimes referred to ATP-Block system here). This new control system produces a high energy-saving effect compared with conventional signal systems based on ground equipment. We believe that realization of low-cost, highly functional energy-saving Railways will bring back users of automobiles and airlines to Railways, contributing to global energy saving and helping to prevent environmental destruction.

Optimization of Construction Supply Chains for Greenhouse Gas Reduction

2015 ◽  
pp. 280-310
Author(s):  
Niall P. Dunphy ◽  
John E. Morrissey
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Reduction ◽  
New Knowledge

There is an increasing number of regulatory and public policy initiatives aimed at improving building energy efficiency, recognizing the importance of the built environment to achieve lower energy-related emissions. However, these efforts have generally focused on the building scale. A comprehensive reduction of carbon emissions from construction requires a wider focus, considering the building as well as the lifecycle of materials and their supply chains. There is a need for robust analysis of the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) implications of construction supply chains and to optimize supply chains configurations so as to minimize GHG emissions across multiple organizations. This chapter provides a rigorous means of assessing the dynamic and complex supply chains of construction to obtain optimal and sustainable levels of GHG reductions in a whole-of-chain approach. Outcomes represent critical new knowledge, enabling deeper understanding as well as enhanced capacity to maximize energy savings from the built environment.

Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Energy Savings by Aluminum Can Recycling

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Yunmi Nam ◽  
◽  
Jonghyun Choi ◽  
Yong-Chul Jang ◽  
Jin-Hong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Reduction

scholarly journals Assessing the performance and cost-competitiveness of a dual-source solar assisted heat pump in cold climates

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Jeremy Sager ◽  
Jean-Philippe Poirier
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Hvac Systems ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Cold Climates ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Reduction ◽  
Dual Source ◽  
Cost Competitiveness ◽  
The Impact

In many cold climates, the coincidence of long heating seasons as well as relatively high levels of solar insolation offer an opportunity to explore the potential for solar-assisted air source heat pumps to meet greenhouse gas reduction objectives for space and water heating systems. This paper presents the results of a detailed performance analysis based on 6 months of field test data of a pre-commercial, dual source solar-assisted heat pump. The data gathered during field-testing as well as the functionality of the system were studied extensively to develop and calibrate an hourly energy model. The model replicates the performance and operating modes of the solar-assisted air source heat pump. It allows for an hourly assessment of the energy savings, greenhouse gas reduction potential and cost competitiveness of this system as compared to other high performance HVAC systems in a variety of climate locations and archetype house loads. A parametric analysis is undertaken to assess the impact of key components on system viability. Results indicate that for some regions and archetype house loads, the dual-source solar-assisted heat pump can lead to significant energy savings and GHG emissions reductions when compared to high performing HVAC systems. These savings may enable a favorable payback period when a competitive capital cost is considered. The objective of the study was to identify locations and archetypes in which this solar-assisted heat pump topology may make sense for further development and demonstration.

Optimization of Construction Supply Chains for Greenhouse Gas Reduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 627-657
Author(s):  
Niall P. Dunphy ◽  
John E. Morrissey
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Reduction ◽  
New Knowledge

There is an increasing number of regulatory and public policy initiatives aimed at improving building energy efficiency, recognizing the importance of the built environment to achieve lower energy-related emissions. However, these efforts have generally focused on the building scale. A comprehensive reduction of carbon emissions from construction requires a wider focus, considering the building as well as the lifecycle of materials and their supply chains. There is a need for robust analysis of the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) implications of construction supply chains and to optimize supply chains configurations so as to minimize GHG emissions across multiple organizations. This chapter provides a rigorous means of assessing the dynamic and complex supply chains of construction to obtain optimal and sustainable levels of GHG reductions in a whole-of-chain approach. Outcomes represent critical new knowledge, enabling deeper understanding as well as enhanced capacity to maximize energy savings from the built environment.

scholarly journals Energy and Greenhouse Gas Savings for LEED-Certified U.S. Office Buildings

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 749
Author(s):  
John H. Scofield ◽  
Susannah Brodnitz ◽  
Jakob Cornell ◽  
Tian Liang ◽  
Thomas Scofield
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Site Energy ◽  
New Construction

In this work, we present results from the largest study of measured, whole-building energy performance for commercial LEED-certified buildings, using 2016 energy use data that were obtained for 4417 commercial office buildings (114 million m2) from municipal energy benchmarking disclosures for 10 major U.S. cities. The properties included 551 buildings (31 million m2) that we identified as LEED-certified. Annual energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission were compared between LEED and non-LEED offices on a city-by-city basis and in aggregate. In aggregate, LEED offices demonstrated 11% site energy savings but only 7% savings in source energy and GHG emission. LEED offices saved 26% in non-electric energy but demonstrated no significant savings in electric energy. LEED savings in GHG and source energy increased to 10% when compared with newer, non-LEED offices. We also compared the measured energy savings for individual buildings with their projected savings, as determined by LEED points awarded for energy optimization. This analysis uncovered minimal correlation, i.e., an R2 < 1% for New Construction (NC) and Core and Shell (CS), and 8% for Existing Euildings (EB). The total measured site energy savings for LEED-NC and LEED-CS was 11% lower than projected while the total measured source energy savings for LEED-EB was 81% lower than projected. Only LEED offices certified at the gold level demonstrated statistically significant savings in source energy and greenhouse gas emissions as compared with non-LEED offices.

scholarly journals Minimal Monitoring of Improvements in Energy Performance after Envelope Renovation in Subsidized Single Family Housing in Madrid

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Fernando Martín-Consuegra ◽  
Fernando de Frutos ◽  
Ignacio Oteiza ◽  
Carmen Alonso ◽  
Borja Frutos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Nineteen Fifties ◽  
Environment Quality ◽  
Urban Complex

This study quantified the improvement in energy efficiency following passive renovation of the thermal envelope in highly inefficient residential complexes on the outskirts of the city of Madrid. A case study was conducted of a single-family terrace housing, representative of the smallest size subsidized dwellings built in Spain for workers in the nineteen fifties and sixties. Two units of similar characteristics, one in its original state and the other renovated, were analyzed in detail against their urban setting with an experimental method proposed hereunder for simplified, minimal monitoring. The dwellings were compared on the grounds of indoor environment quality parameters recorded over a period covering both winter and summer months. That information was supplemented with an analysis of the energy consumption metered. The result was a low-cost, reasonably accurate measure of the improvements gained in the renovated unit. The monitoring output data were entered in a theoretical energy efficiency model for the entire neighborhood to obtain an estimate of the potential for energy savings if the entire urban complex were renovated.

scholarly journals Genetic epidemiology of BRCA1- and BRCA2-associated cancer across Latin America

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef S. Herzog ◽  
Yanin Chavarri-Guerra ◽  
Danielle Castillo ◽  
Julio Abugattas ◽  
Cynthia Villarreal-Garza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Cancer Genomics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Copy Number Variant ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Community Research ◽  
Brca1 And Brca2 ◽  
Pathogenic Variants

AbstractThe prevalence and contribution of BRCA1/2 (BRCA) pathogenic variants (PVs) to the cancer burden in Latin America are not well understood. This study aims to address this disparity. BRCA analyses were performed on prospectively enrolled Latin American Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network participants via a combination of methods: a Hispanic Mutation Panel (HISPANEL) on MassARRAY; semiconductor sequencing; and copy number variant (CNV) detection. BRCA PV probability was calculated using BRCAPRO. Among 1,627 participants (95.2% with cancer), we detected 236 (14.5%) BRCA PVs; 160 BRCA1 (31% CNVs); 76 BRCA2 PV frequency varied by country: 26% Brazil, 9% Colombia, 13% Peru, and 17% Mexico. Recurrent PVs (seen ≥3 times), some region-specific, represented 42.8% (101/236) of PVs. There was no ClinVar entry for 14% (17/125) of unique PVs, and 57% (111/196) of unique VUS. The area under the ROC curve for BRCAPRO was 0.76. In summary, we implemented a low-cost BRCA testing strategy and documented a significant burden of non-ClinVar reported BRCA PVs among Latin Americans. There are recurrent, population-specific PVs and CNVs, and we note that the BRCAPRO mutation probability model performs adequately. This study helps address the gap in our understanding of BRCA-associated cancer in Latin America.

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