scholarly journals Entrepreneurship and Innovation in the Digital Economy

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (Special Edition) ◽  
pp. 273-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naved Hamid ◽  
Faizan Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Country Risk ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Venture Capital Firms ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control ◽  
Immense Potential ◽  
Similar Growth ◽  
International Venture

It is believed that Pakistan’s digital economy will follow a similar growth trajectory to India, but with a lag of about five to six years. This implies that the digital economy in Pakistan carries immense potential and is likely to see very rapid growth in the next five years or so. This paper provides an overview of Pakistan’s digital economy in terms of international players, successful local businesses and rising stars in different segments of the industry. We also evaluate the role played by incubation centers. The industry’s emerging financial landscape appears to be attracting international venture capital firms, which is surprising, given the country risk and monitoring and control issues that are usually seen as binding constraints to investment. However, these investors use models tested in Silicon Valley and in countries such as India to estimate the potential for increase in the capital valuation of digital businesses in Pakistan. This development has also started to attract local investors. As a result, we are seeing the emergence of a venture capital industry in Pakistan. Finally, we examine the policy environment in the country and find that the existing tax policies, which were designed for traditional businesses, could be a major obstacle to the growth of the digital economy. We conclude by recommending that the government review its tax policy in view of the different nature of digital businesses and adapt it accordingly.

scholarly journals The Role of the Ambon City’s Population and Civil Registration Office in Controlling Incoming Migration

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Rahmawati Sururama ◽  
Tiara Nanuru
Keyword(s):  
Personal Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Civil Registration ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Control

The objectives of this study are to find out the role of the Ambon City’s Population and Civil Registration Office in Controlling Incoming Migration and to find out the obstacles faced by the Ambon City's Population and Civil Registration Office in Controlling Incoming Migration. This study used a qualitative descriptive research method. Data Collection was obtained through observation, interview, and documentation. Data were analyzed using data reduction, display data, and verification. Primary and secondary data were used as the sources for analysis. The informants in this study were the chief of the Population and Civil Registration Office Ambon City and the Population Monitoring and Control Division, as well as the migrants. Ambon City’s Government, through the Population and Civil Registration Office, has carried out its duties as regulated by the Mayor of Ambon Regulation No. 17/ 2009 article 14 paragraph 2, namely: Coordinating the monitoring of urbanization of population and supervising the registration of population mobility flows. The constraints faced by the Ambon City population and civil registration office, namely: Most of the population who migrated to Ambon City did not report themselves so the authorities had difficulty monitoring the flow of urbanization and monitoring population mobility; inspected and supervised residents, who have not lived in Ambon city for six months, have moved to other areas; there is no effort and awareness of people who have been examined and under supervision to change by reporting personal data to the government.

International Land Deals and Agricultural Investment in Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
pp. 167-193
Author(s):  
Kassa T. Alemu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Agricultural Investment ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Government ◽  
Large Scale Land ◽  
And Control ◽  
Agricultural Investments

This chapter investigates land deals processes and the effects on livelihoods in Gambella and Benishangul-Gumuz. It applies quantitative and qualitative data from primary and secondary sources. It describes the land deals, actors involved, and the effect of the deal on villagers' land rights, food security, job creation, technology transfer, and sustainable use of natural resources. The study concludes that the government effort towards large-scale land deals and agricultural investment is promising. However, there is a gap regarding making the deals a win-win situation for stakeholders. Therefore, it is recommended that the governance of land deals need to be improved, and the capacity of the three actors—the government, investors, and local communities—need to be developed to play their respective roles in the deals. It is also recommended that effective monitoring and control mechanisms related to large-scale agricultural investments should be put in place and properly implemented.

CRITERIA FOR A SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS PLAN: PREFERENCES OF DIFFERENT FINANCING INSTITUTIONS

1996 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 183-208
Author(s):  
TAN BENG KIM ◽  
JOANNE TAY
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Business Plan ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Conservative Approach ◽  
Business Plans ◽  
Venture Capital Firms ◽  
Successful Business ◽  
The Government

A well-developed, well-written business plan is essential for entrepreneurs approaching banks or investors for funds. However, many entrepreneurs frequently underestimate the importance of a good business plan in increasing their chances of securing finance. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the criteria that different financing institutions in Singapore look for when assessing business plans. Such information can guide entrepreneurs in preparing their business plans and targetting different financing institutions. Fourteen institutions representing venture capital firms, commercial banks, finance companies and the government participated in this study. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. The results indicate general emphases on organisation and management, characteristics of the entrepreneur, and background and purpose of the proposed business. There is some indication that the criteria most highly emphasised will vary, depending on the type of financing institution, and the geographical and industry specialisation of the particular institution. In general, the participating institutions adopted a conservative approach which combined judgement and intuition.

scholarly journals Reforming subjects of currency regulation and control heading towards digital economy in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Marina Alekseevna Yakovleva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Current System ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control

The article analyzes the current system of currency regulation and control and reveals the structure of subjects of currency regulation and control. There have been proposed the changes necessary for adaptation to the conditions of the digital economy. There has been presented the scheme of the unified system of currency regulation and control, and defined its main elements. The retrospective illustrates the process of reforming currency control agencies and agents on the eve of Russia's transition to the digital economy. There have been revealed both current legal norms that determine the structure and functionality of subjects of currency regulation and control and bills related to the subject under study. The current state development program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” for 2017–2025 acting in the Russian Federation is found not to contain the procedure for state regulation of foreign exchange transactions in the digital economy and not to disclose the functionality of the regulatory authorities in the context of digitalization. The analysis of the work of Russian researchers, supplementing the theory and methodology of currency relations has been carried out. Currency regulation and control are studied from the perspective of the activities of the state bodies of the government, by means of administrative, legislative and organizational measures aimed at maintaining a stable external balance and sustainable economic growth. The concept and the nature of a smart contract is considered in detail, the principal differences (according to the criteria of the form, subject, settlements and fulfillment of other obligations of the transaction) of the smart contract from the foreign trade agreement in electronic form are given. There has been proposed the author’s vision of the future development of the subject structure of currency control and made an attempt to determine the direction of further reform

scholarly journals Making up performance: the construction of “performance” in venture capital firms portfolios

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
Rafael Heinzelmann
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Performance Measurement System ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Portfolio Company ◽  
Venture Capital Firms ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control

Performance measurement is understood as a corner stone of organizations’ accounting and control function (Chenhall,2003; Merchant & Van der Stede, 2012). In the wake of the relevance lost debate accounting systems have beencriticized for being obsessed with historical financial accounting information making accounting data inadequate fordecision making and insufficiently useful for creating a future alertness in organizations (Johnson & Kaplan, 1987). Inthe aftermath of this, more strategically-oriented accounting systems fostering on the non-financial dimension ofperformance, as most prominently presented by the balanced scorecard, gained increasingly attention by organizationsand accounting scholars (Ax & Bjørnenak, 2005; Nørreklit, 2000, 2003). Yet, there is a substantial body of researchstudying the adoption of MAIs (Management Accounting Innovations) addressing questions of how MAIs such as theBalanced Scorecard travel and change in the course of diffusion and organizational implementation (e.g. Ax &Bjørnenak, 2005; Jones & Dugdale, 2002; Qu & Cooper, 2011). What the literature does not reveal in depth is how dointegrated systems for performance measurement and control comprising financial and non-financial KPIs supportorganizations in handling uncertainty and complexity (Chenhall & Moers, 2015). In this paper, we aim for exploringperformance measurement and control and thus contributing to existing literature by studying how venture capital firmsmobilize ideas of performance measurement and control to handle uncertainty and complexity in their investmentportfolio. More specifically, we investigate two firms of the venture capital industry that use financial and non-financialindicators to manage their portfolio and make decisions. Consequently, this paper addresses the following researchquestions: How do venture capital firms use performance measurement to manage their investment portfolios? And howis “performance” constructed in this context?Exploring how firms from a quite volatile industry use performance measurement is regarded to be interestingfrom various perspectives: First of all, we know little about the link between uncertainty and performance measurement.Second from a theoretical perspective of ActorReality Construction (ARC) there is little empirical evidence on howorganizations construct facts or the factual dimension of accounting and management – facts in the context of ourempirical setting, the venture capital industry, are measures used in the performance measurement system (PMS).Particularly, venture capital firms having a big stake in early phase seed investments, are uncertain in the sense thatattaching a score or a number to a performance dimension of a portfolio company is maybe not that stable over time andambiguous. However, doing the exercise of reviewing each portfolio company according to a dashboard-like PMS givesthe KPIs, despite of their uncertain nature, a factual character. The PMS numbers allow managers to discuss andevaluate “performance” of the portfolio companies in management meetings as well as to make decisions, on forexample, investing additional money, based on the performance facts of the portfolio company. Interestingly, thecombination of “hard” and “soft” numbers – thus, financial and non-financial indicators, plays a pivotal role for VCcompanies in order to be capable to assess “the performance” of the portfolio companies. In other words, it enablesventure capital firms to better take into account the particular organizational contexts of portfolio companies.

scholarly journals The history of the subject of Peace in the department of Cauca from 1962 to 2017, a proposal for its reinforcement and effective implementation

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Hoover Hugo Paredes Mosquera ◽  
Martha Elena Segura Sandoval ◽  
Maria Andrea Orozco Ordoñez ◽  
Hernando Efraín Caicedo Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control

 In this article we present a study about the reinforcement of the Peace subject under the Law No. 1732 of 2014 and in the Regulatory Decree No. 1038 of 2015 in Cauca state in the Colombian Republic and legislative which measures that contributes to the strengthening of education considering the post-conflict situation the country is facing. This socio-legal research uses a mixed method. The qualitative approach based on documentary analysis, the ethnography which used the interview as a technique and the quantitative approach which considered the underpinned statistics data which the government entities provided with The study focuses on the pre-school, elementary, middle and high school of the educational institutions in Cauca state by starting a historical compilation of the regulations to determine compliance with legislative guidelines. Notwithstanding, the guidelines of the National Authority of Education for the Peace and subject development in Cauca state the progress results in its enforcement are little and are centered in Popayán as the state capital city without any record of its development on the other remaining 41 towns in the state thus evidencing the absence of an effective monitoring and control of the competent authorities.

scholarly journals The Performance of Foreign Venture Capital Firms in Emerging Economies: A Study of U.S. Firms in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Investment Performance ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
Venture Capital Firms ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Investment Experience ◽  
International Venture

<p>Extant research on the international venture capital (VC) firms largely focuses on cross-country comparison; only a limited number of studies have examined the internationalization of VC firms and their strategies in host countries. This study approaches the research topic mainly from an institutional perspective, and intends to understand the performance of foreign VC firms in emerging economies, a topic that has rarely been examined in previous research. Using a sample of U.S. VC firms investing in China, this study finds that U.S. VC firms with more investment experience at home have weaker investment performance in China. The empirical results also show that U.S. VC firms investing in ventures with larger top management team, staging their investments, and syndicating with other U.S. VC firms are likely to achieve better performance in China. Contrary to what was hypothesized, syndicating with Chinese VC firms decreases U.S. VC firms’ investment performance in China.</p>

scholarly journals Datos abiertos: Oportunidades para empresas [Open Data: Opportunities for enterprises]

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz Andrea Rodríguez Rojas ◽  
Giovanny Mauricio Tarazona Bermúdez ◽  
Carlos Enrique Montenegro Marín
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control ◽  
Datos Abiertos

La reutilización de la información del sector público se presenta como una oportunidad para que los ciudadanos y las empresas contribuyan a la toma de decisiones, el seguimiento y control de las instituciones públicas y a mejorar la calidad de vida. Este documento presenta las generalidades de los datos abiertos, el marco legal y las iniciativas existentes en Colombia. A pesar que los datos abiertos son considerados una herramienta poderosa para que los ciudadanos tengan acceso a la información recopilada por el gobierno y participen en la toma de decisiones, Colombia ha dado pequeños pasos y todavía tiene un largo camino por recorrer.Palabras Claves: Datos abiertos, Información, Reutilización, toma de decisionesThe re-use of public sector information is presented as an opportunity for citizens and businesses to contribute to decision-making, monitoring and control of public institutions and improve the quality of life. This paper presents an overview of open data, the legal framework and existing initiatives in Colombia. Although open data are considered a powerful tool for citizens to have access to information collected by the government and participate in decision-making, Colombia has taken small steps and still has a long way to goKeywords: Open Data, Information, Reuse, decision making

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