scholarly journals Gender differences in language development, acquisition, comprehension, and production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maulina

In this 21st century, human being is not separated with theories about gender and language which has been established from the simultaneous researches with the aim is to see a novelty on that issue. This paper summarizes findings about gender differences in language development, gender differences in language acquisition focusing on male and female brain function in acquiring language in this case English as a foreign language (EFL), gender differences in language comprehension, and gender differences in language production. The implications to teaching and learning further are presented

Pragmatics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi An ◽  
Hang Su ◽  
Mingyou Xiang

Abstract This study presents a corpus-based sociopragmatic investigation into apology responses (ARs) and gender differences in ARs in spoken British English. Using data taken from the recently released Spoken BNC2014, the investigation leads to an adjusted taxonomy of ARs which comprises five categories and several sub-categories. The investigation shows that ‘Lack of response’ is the most typical response, followed by ‘Acceptance’, ‘Rejection’, ‘Evasion’, and ‘Acknowledgement’. The results are discussed in relation to the process of attenuation that apologies have undergone (e.g. Jucker 2019), i.e. apologies are becoming more routinised and less meaningful. The proposed taxonomy is subsequently used to examine the extent to which male and female recipients respond to apologies differently. While the investigation suggests no significant differences in ARs across genders, it has been observed that there is some correlation between ARs and the gender of the apologiser. Finally, the implications and applications of the study are briefly discussed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Purbo Kusumastuti ◽  
Aulia Apriana ◽  
Yazid Basthomi

Touching into the gender differences between males and females in expressing the use of exaggeration expressions, this study analyzes the relevant data using the LIWC tool, the HIP method, and the deficit and difference theories. This study found that in relation to the gender stereotypes, both males and females speak differently, yet also demonstrate similarities. Both the male and female subjects express emotions equally in the language production; yet, the negative emotions are dominated by the males, and the positive emotions are dominated by the females. The difference of emotion productions influences the differences in the males’ production of exaggeration expressions, such as empty adjectives, italic expressions, and hyperbole by the female subjects.  


Author(s):  
Douglas A. Agar ◽  
Philip J. Chappell

This chapter reports on the creation and evaluation of the Language Education Videogame Evaluation Rubric (LEVER) which, it is hoped, will be of benefit to those involved in the teaching and learning of foreign languages. Based upon a sociocultural model of language development, this research is unique in the manner in which it draws on up-to-date best practice in the domains of both language pedagogy and videogame design. This chapter will then report on the application of the LEVER to two titles which have been created to teach a foreign language, in order to both to test the games for quality and the rubric itself for rigour and ease-of-use.


2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
Kaukab Abid Azhar ◽  
Nayab Iqbal

The study aims at studying gender differences in the ways male and female students take turns and participate in a mixed-gender classroom. Two groups of first-year English compulsory classes held at two different departments (Geography and Economics) at the University of Karachi took part in the study. The results revealed that in the Geography Department, where there was a female teacher, male students were more dominating as compared to the female students who hardly participated in the class. They took more turns and participated better in the classroom discussion. In addition, they also interrupted the teacher and the female counterparts when they tried to contribute to the discussion. On the other hand, at the Department of Economics, female students had more number of turns. They dominated the classroom as compared to the male students. Besides, the study revealed that the gender of the teacher played an important part in shaping the discourse taking place in the classroom.


2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Sundari ◽  
Dasmo Dasmo

The present study tries to find out the effect of speaking self-efficacy and gender in speaking activities particularly in English as second/foreign language situation, using questionnaire from Bandura’s Guide for constructing self-efficacy scales. The Samples of this study were 23 male and 27 female college-students from speaking classes.  ANOVA and T-test helped by SPSS 15.0 for windows were employed to investigate speaking self-efficacy, gender and speaking activities. The result showed that the level of speaking self-efficacy both male and female students is moderate. They can moderately perform speaking activities but they think them quite though and difficult. Besides, Sig. for gender scores lower than .05 (.013 < .05), gender gave significant effect towards speaking activities. Yet, not only speaking self-efficacy partially (Sig .162 > .05) but also its simultaneous interaction with gender (Sig .0677 > .05) did not affect significantly towards speaking activities.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aulia

There have been numerous studies analysing gender differences in language use. Most of them predominantly adopted static or hierarchical approach with obsolete understanding of gender differences. Concurrently with the high demand of socio-cultural aspects inclusion in language development studies, the research of gender in language use has also driven to the same direction with mixed talk and the use of dynamic approach as an alternative for more inclusive socio-cultural spectrum. Two student university classes were observed and their classroom conversations in mixed gender were meticulously selected for detailed analysis via N-VIVO. The study shows that social dimensions such as power, status, economy, and identity seem to be influential to Acehnese language users in mixed talks. Yet, some mixed talks are more likely to be affected by individual ontogenetic language development; the dominance of talk is relatively fading and mutual-respect is bold. Therefore, the advocacy for the dynamic approach to conducting further research in this domain is decisively important. It is also crucial for more thorough and deep analysis on the genetic language development of speakers such as their social backgrounds and study or learning experiences. This paper draws merely a minor part of a larger research project conducted in Aceh and is expected to be a trigger for future studies.


Author(s):  
Χριστίνα Φ. Παπαηλιού ◽  
Νικήτας Ε. Πολεμικός ◽  
Ελένη Φρυσίρα ◽  
Αναστάσιος Κοντάκος ◽  
Μαρία Καΐλα ◽  
...  

Many studies demonstrate that in typically developing (TD) children joint attention constitutes a prerequisite for language development. However, data on the development of joint attention and its relation to language development in Down syndrome (DS) are contradictory. The present study aims to examine joint attention in toddlers with DS as well as its association with language comprehension and production. Participants were 10 toddlers with DS (mean chronological age: 58 months) and 10 TD toddlers matched for language comprehension (mean chronological age: 32 months). Language Comprehension and language production were assessed using the Müllen Scales of Early Learning, expressive vocabulary was assessed using the Language Development Survey, and the communicative behaviors were assessed through observation of interactions with the mother in a semi-structured condition with toys. According to the findings, toddlers with DS exhibit significantly morejoint attention behaviors compared to TD toddlers. Moreover, it was shown that in toddlers with DS language production was significantly negatively correlated with initiating request gestures. Conclusively, it seems that in toddlers with DS the transition from pre-linguistic to linguistic period follows a similar developmental path as in TD toddlers, although a severe delay is observed.


Author(s):  
Douglas A. Agar ◽  
Philip J. Chappell

This chapter reports on the creation and evaluation of the Language Education Videogame Evaluation Rubric (LEVER) which, it is hoped, will be of benefit to those involved in the teaching and learning of foreign languages. Based upon a sociocultural model of language development, this research is unique in the manner in which it draws on up-to-date best practice in the domains of both language pedagogy and videogame design. This chapter will then report on the application of the LEVER to two titles which have been created to teach a foreign language, in order to both to test the games for quality and the rubric itself for rigour and ease-of-use.


Author(s):  
Susan E. George

There are many disciplines and professions where women are not well represented, are paid less than male counterparts, and rise less quickly to leadership positions. IT is one such field, encompassing a broad range of topics from software development to telecommunications. This “inequality” has created a sense of injustice among some, leading to more aggressive stands for rights, for positive discrimination, and cries for all manner of “equality” within the workplace—specifically that male and female peers are able to play the same roles and indeed should have fair opportunity to play the same roles. This article questions the “equality” that is pursued by the “equal opportunity” agenda. In many instances demanding women, given opportunities to take traditional male dominated positions in the workplace underlines the male-dominated world, what it values, and what it requires. A worldview that rejects male domination at its core may do more to help the “equality” of women and men. Moving toward this entails (1) recognising the roles played by women in the workplace and improving remuneration—rather than forcing women to take more male orientated roles, (2) couching the well renumerated roles that males play in more female friendly language to change perceptions of who is suitable for the role, and (3) recognising the female skills that many male roles require and not failing to give women novel workplace arrangements that permit pursuing roles outside the workplace. In each of these suggestions the importance of male and female differences are recognised. This represents an understanding of “personhood”, that is, not forcing all people to be equal regardless of gender, but recognising the intrinsic worth of people above gender—and that there may be gender differences. The idea of intrinsic worth of people is based upon one theological perspective of personhood drawn from the Christian tradition. It asks for equality of personhood to be recognised over and above gender issues and gender “differences” to be actually incorporated into professional environments.


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