Influence or Silence? Once more on the role of Sophia Paleologos in the court life Ivan III and the question of her participation in the invitation of Italian masters to Moscow

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Т.А. Матасова
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discourse ◽  
Political Position ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Court Life ◽  
Greek Immigrants

В данной статье рассмотрен вопрос об участии Софьи Палеолог в деле приглашения итальянских мастеров на русскую службу в последней четверти XV в. Этот сюжет раскрыт в контексте более широкой проблемы — степени и возможности участия великой княгини в придворной жизни Москвы в целом. Обращая внимание на бытующие в науке стереотипы и ошибочные и/или не доказанные (пусть и привычные) суждения, автор стремится разграничить образ Софьи как символической фигуры и реальные свидетельства о ее деятельности. Кроме того, с целью обнаружения реальных возможностей участия Софьи в жизни московского двора рассмотрен вопрос об особенностях воспитания Софьи в Риме: могли ли Софье в Риме преподавать риторику – искусство убеждать, необходимое для активной политической позиции? На основании накопленного в науке опыта автор полагает, что Софья активной позиции не занимала, хотя и была значимым для московского двора символом, пусть и по-разному воспринимаемым разными придворными группами (сторонниками и противниками курса Ивана III, греками-эмигрантами, итальянскими мастерами и др.). Автор приходит к выводу о том, что роль Софьи Палеолог в приглашении мастеров не стоит преувеличивать: по всей видимости, вплоть до династического кризиса рубежа XV-XVI вв. Софья не имела существенного влияния при московском дворе. The article examines the issue of Sofia Palaiologina in the invitation of Italian masters to Russian service in the last quarter of the 15th century. This issue is examined through a broader problematic context – the limits to which a Grand Princess could take part in Moscow’s court life. Paying due attention to the stereotypes, mistaken and/or unproven conclusions dwelling in the academic discourse, the author seeks to separate the image of Sofia Palaiologina as a symbolic figure with the actual surviving evidence of her activity. Alongside the goal of establishing the actual evidence of Sofia’s participation in Moscow court life, the author also seeks to examine the issue of Sofia’s education in Rome: during the years spent in Rome, could Sofia have studied rhetoric – an art vital for an active political position? On the basis of the existing corpus of research, the author comes to the conclusion that Sofia Paleologina did not occupy an active position, even though she remained an important symbol for Moscow’s Court, a symbol that was perceived quite differently by various court groups (proponents and opponents of Ivan III’s political course, Greek immigrants, Italian masters, etc.). The author comes to the conclusion that the role of Sofia Palaiologina should not be exaggerated: it seems that Sofia did wield sufficient influence at court, until the dynastic crisis that erupted on the brink of 15th—16th centuries.

On the role of the dispute between "non-possessors" and "Josephites" in the culture of Moscow's prediction

1998 ◽  
pp. 61-62
Author(s):  
N. S. Jurtueva
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Moral Transformation ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Future ◽  
Secular Power

In the XIV century. centripetal tendencies began to appear in the Moscow principality. Inside the Russian church, several areas were distinguished. Part of the clergy supported the specificobar form. The other understood the need for transformations in society. As a result, this led to a split in the Russian church in the 15th century for "non-possessors" and "Josephites". The former linked the fate of the future with the ideology of hesychasm and its moral transformation, while the latter sought support in alliance with a strong secular power.

MEDIA AND MODERNITY: THE ROLE OF THE PRINTING PRESS IN THE MODERNIZATION OF WESTERN SOCIETY

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-301
Author(s):  
Yuyun Sunesti
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Western Society ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Information Media ◽  
Printing Method ◽  
Important Milestone

One of the influential factors in the formation of modern society in the Westernworld and subsequently spread to over the world has been the discovery of printing presswhich can be found in the form of printing method, printing company and print media.Since it was firstly used by Gutenberg in about 15th century AD, information which waspreviously delivered through oral medium with a limited audience, then through a methodof printing can be reproduced in large quantities and can be read by more audience, acrossdistance and time. Printing method which encourages the emergence of large printingcompanies and then print media has contributed in transforming modern cultural life ofsociety.In addition, the advent of the printing industries which has transformed intotransnational corporations as well as the emergence of journals and regular newspapersalso contributes significantly in raising public spaces as a medium for discussion andcritical thinking amidst society. Ultimately, this information media transformation brings achange in the state system which is more open and leads to the emergence of ideas ofnationalism which becomes an important milestone in transforming traditional societiesinto modern societies.

Geometric approach to the revitalization process of medieval Serbian monasteries

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Slavko Dragović ◽  
Aleksandar Čučaković ◽  
Milesa Srećković
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Approach ◽  
Geometric Design ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
Cultural Heritage Preservation

Among the standard approaches concerning cultural heritage preservation, the architectural point of view deserves particular attention. The special place in medieval Serbian history of architecture belongs to the world famous monastery complexes Studenica, Dečani and Gračanica. Beside them numerous significant monuments (churches and monasteries) exist as witnesses of the national testimony, currently in the state of ruins, archaeological sites, or damaged ones. A lot of them have adequate needs for revitalisation, where the start point is engineering documentation. The focus of the research is on the role of specific geometric and engineering graphics tasks when these areas are concerning. Monastery church devoted to Introduction of Holy Theotokos in village Slavkovica (near town Ljig), with three old sarcophaguses, dated back to 15th century, is presented and analysed from several aspects:measuring, architectural style characteristics - geometric design, 3D modelling (classical-CAD and terrestrial photogrammetric) with visualization and presentation.The attention was paid on preservation of authentic architectural style and medieval building techniques, which allow imperfections in realization.The opinion of experienced scientists and specialists involved in all the phases of monument's revitalisation has been followed as a guideline to the final result – a proposed geometric design of the revitalised church in Slavkovica.

scholarly journals Die rol van Godskennis in die ontmoetingsgebeure met God in die prediking

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J.C. Pieterse
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Academic Discourse ◽  
Church Members ◽  
Knowledge Of God ◽  
Worship Service ◽  
In Christ ◽  
True Knowledge

The role of knowledge of God in the encounter with God in preaching In an era of modernism and postmodernism homiletics is confronted with the problem of reference to God in preaching. According to current epistemologies we cannot have any knowledge of God that can be defended as true knowledge in the forum of academic discourse. In reformed theological theory, according to Calvin, knowledge of God, knowledge of ourselves in the eyes of God, as well as of salvation in Christ is a sine qua non for an encounter with God in preaching in the context of the worship service. This article proceeds from the theological stance that we can find this knowledge only in Scripture through the work of the Spirit. Recent empirical research in Reformed Churches in the Netherlands has shown that church members attend the services expecting to have an encounter with God. The sermon in this expected encounter is still very important for them. A homiletical theory that works with these presuppositions (knowledge of God) has a further problem. There is a growing Biblical illiteracy in Western societies – also in South Africa. As an answer to this problem the author proposes that the teaching sermon along the lines of Calvin’s position on preaching should get more attention in our day.

scholarly journals Poeci polscy doby humanizmu wobec Rzymu / Polish Poets of the Age of Humanism and Rome

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-651
Author(s):  
Alina Nowicka-Jeżowa
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Holy See ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Roman Model ◽  
Successive Generations

Summary Based on earlier research, and especially Tadeusz Ulewicz’s landmark study Iter Romano- -Italicum Polonorum, or the Intellectual and Cultural Links between Poland and Italy in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance (1999) this article examines the influence of Rome - in its role as the Holy See and a centre of learning and the arts - on Poland’s culture in the 15th and 16th century as well as on the activities of Polish churchmen, scholars and writers who came to the Eternal City. The aim of the article is to trace the role of the emerging Humanist themes and attitudes on the shape of the cultural exchange in question. It appears that the Roman connection was a major factor in the history of Polish Humanism - its inner development, its transformations, and the ideological and artistic choices made by the successive generations of the Polish elite. In the 15th century the Roman inspirations helped to initiate the Humanist impulse in Poland, while in the 16th century they stimulated greater diversity and a search for one’s own way of development. In the post-Tridentine epoch they became a potent element of the Poland’s new cultural formation. Against the background of these generalizations, the article presents the cultural profiles of four poets, Mikołaj of Hussów, Klemens Janicjusz, Jan Kochanowski, and Mikołaj Sęp Szarzyński. They symbolize the four phases of the Polish Humanist tradition, which draw their distinctive identities from looking up to the Roman model

Eurasian Integration in the American Scientific-Academic Discourse

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-327
Author(s):  
Virsaviya Viver ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Academic Discourse ◽  
Policy Discourse ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
Expert Community ◽  
Post Soviet Space

The article discusses modern Eurasian integration - regional processes of unification in the post-Soviet space, in which Russia plays a guiding role. Despite the declaration by the American establishment of the importance of the Eurasian macro region and the deep involvement of the United States in the region’s affairs, the American foreign policy discourse clearly shows a lack of interest on the part of the expert community in integration in the post-Soviet space against the backdrop of Washington’s assistance in integration processes in other regions of the world. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to analyze the current practice of coverage in the American scientific and academic discourse of Eurasian integration processes with the active role of Russia. Based on the opinion of American experts from centrist, liberal and conservative think tanks, it is planned to determine the place of Eurasian integration issues in the American foreign policy discourse, to determine the dynamics of changes in the process of coverage of Eurasian integration by the American expert community, and to outline the nature of the assessments of American experts on Eurasian integration projects.

scholarly journals A Multimodal View of Late Medieval Rhetoric: The Case of the White Rose of York

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-145
Author(s):  
Marcin Kudła
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Dynamic Theory ◽  
Stained Glass ◽  
Medieval Rhetoric ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Integral Element ◽  
White Rose ◽  
Semiotic Perspective ◽  
The Rose

AbstractThe aim of the present paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the role of heraldry, in particular of para-heraldic devices known as “badges”, in 15th-century England. The case chosen for examination is that of the white rose, one of the major badges of Edward IV.The data consists of four contemporary texts in which Edward is referred to as the “rose”, analysed against the background of the use of the white rose of York as a heraldic device. This includes surviving artefacts ranging from effigies to stained glass to seals and manuscript illuminations, as well as contemporary descriptions and depictions of those artefacts.Using the methodological apparatus of cognitive linguistics, specifically the multimodal metaphor and metonymy analysis, the author examines the interplay between language and heraldry. The results show that while the primary function of the white rose and of other badges employed by Edward IV was to emphasize his heritage and thus invite a metonymic reading, the badge inspired other, metaphorical readings, which were employed rhetorically by his supporters. In this context, the concept of the badge may be reinterpreted as a metaphtonymy.The analysis supports the view of heraldry as an integral element of medieval society. From a semiotic perspective, heraldry should be seen as a dynamic system that could be exploited creatively to suit the needs of its users, which in turn corresponds to the dynamic theory of metaphor.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL CONTROLLING IN THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF TOURISM AND RECREATIONAL COMPANY

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Maia Seliverstova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Main Task ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Destabilizing Factors ◽  
High Level

In the modern world tourism and recreation are highly profitable activities, which also have asignificantimpact on the economy of the country, contributing to the inflow of foreign currency, creating newjobs, improving infrastructure and so on. In the conditions of economic instability and high level of marketcompetition, success of financial-economic activity of tourist enterprises is determined by the efficiency ofdecision-making that directly depends on the total access to information about the financial state and existingrisks.The aim of the researchwas to identify the role of financial controllingin the management systemof tourist-and-recreational company.Research methodsused for this research paper were analysis, synthesis, comparison, classificationand grouping of functions and objectives oftheobjectbeing studied.The objectwas the role of financial controlling in the management system.It is believed that controlling as economic term was discovered in Europe in the 15th century, afterthat it gained a wide development in the United States. In Russia, the concept of controlling became popularin the 1990s.Conclusions:1. The main task of financial controlling is to maintain profitability and ensure liquidity,i.e. the ability of the enterprise to fulfil its payment obligations at any time that is most relevant for the tourismindustry. Among the key challenges faced by resort companies, it is important to headline the seasonality ofdemand, which largely affects the using of their material resources. The duration of the active period can varyfrom 90 to 180 days; it often depends on climateand a number of other factors (Zlenko, 2015). In order tostabilize the work during the off-season, maintain financial stability and solvency in recent years many tourismand recreational enterprises began to strive for the introduction of modern management systems. 2. Aneffective system of financial controlling at a tourist and recreational enterprise allows fully assessing thecurrent position of the company, making forecasts and successfully resisting external destabilizing factors.

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