scholarly journals Sultans, Shamans & Saints

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
Carool Kersten
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
North American ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
General Overview ◽  
American Academia ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Novice Students

Few people in North American academia are more knowledgeable aboutIslam in Southeast Asia, and especially in Indonesia, than Howard Federspiel.The forte of his own research contributions lays not so much in innovativeanalyses as in presenting comprehensive and useful overviews forspecialists and novice students alike. As a political scientist, he made hisname with his study of Indonesia’s Persatuan Islam (PERSIS), a modernistIslamic organization active from the 1920s until the 1950s – the critical timeframe during which the Dutch colony gained its independence. This was followedby further contributions to the country’s contemporary intellectualhistory. With Sultans, Shamans & Saints, Federspiel has now tried his handat producing a general overview of Islam in Southeast Asia ...

Political Science: Seeing Like a Subversive Social Scientist

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-437
Author(s):  
Meredith L. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Social Scientist ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
The Political ◽  
Human Form ◽  
Global Patterns ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
New Democracy

Much of the work of political science revolves around institutions—the structures through which politics happens. Leaders enter the frame, of course, but often as institutions in human form: presidents, premiers, populists, and mobilizers who serve to channel and direct who does what and what they do, much like an agency or law. We might trace this pseudo-structural, largely mechanical reading of human agency to political scientists of an earlier era: the behavioralists of the 1950s and 1960s. James C. Scott began his career as just such a scholar. For his dissertation-turned-book, Political Ideology in Malaysia: Reality and the Beliefs of an Elite, Scott surveyed a gaggle of Malaysian bureaucrats to examine, effectively, the extent to which their values and assumptions supported or subverted the new democracy they served. Although itself fairly prosaic, that work foreshadows the political grime and games that soon pulled Scott in more promising directions theoretically, whether scrutinizing Southeast Asia or global patterns: disentangling structure from norms, finding agency around the margins of class and state, and rethinking how power looks and functions.

In the Service of World Revolution: Vietnamese Communists’ Radical Ambitions through the Three Indochina Wars

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-30
Author(s):  
Tuong Vu
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
International System ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
The 1950S

The terms “decolonization” and “Cold War” refer to specific processes and periods in the international system, but they do not capture the full agency of local actors such as Vietnamese Communists. Based on recently available archival materials from Hanoi, this article maps those terms onto Vietnamese Communist thinking through four specific cases. The declassified materials underscore the North Vietnamese leaders’ deep commitment to a radical worldview and their occasional willingness to challenge Moscow and Beijing for leadership of world revolution. The article illuminates the connections (or lack thereof) between global, regional, and local politics and offers a more nuanced picture of how decolonization in Southeast Asia in the 1950s–1980s sparked not only a Cold War confrontation but also a regional war.

scholarly journals P. Ramlee and Neorealism

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Uhde
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Film Production ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Art Forms ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Film Productions

P. RAMLEE AND NEOREALISM P. Ramlee was one of the legendary filmmakers of Southeast Asia a multifaceted artist considered to be the most important creative asset of the "golden age" of cinema of Singapore and Malaysia in the 1950s and 60s. Born Teuku Zakaria bin Teuku Nyak Puteh in Penang, the Straits Settlements (now Malaysia) in 1929, he spent most of his professional career in Singapore, then a regional film production centre, working for the Shaw Brothers' Malay Film Productions. In 1964 he returned to Malaysia to work for its fledgling Merdeka (Independence) Film Productions in Kuala Lumpur. During his lifetime, P.Ramlee directed 34 features and acted in more than 60 films. The singular contribution of P. Ramlee to the development of cinema and other art forms of Singapore and Malaysia is unquestioned. In his time, he was tremendously popular and today, four decades after his premature death in...

Distinguishing Pronounced Droughts in the Southwestern United States: Seasonality and Effects of Warmer Temperatures

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 5918-5932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy L. Weiss ◽  
Christopher L. Castro ◽  
Jonathan T. Overpeck
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North American ◽  
North American Monsoon ◽  
Southwestern United States ◽  
Atmospheric Humidity ◽  
The Core ◽  
Monsoon Area ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Abstract Higher temperatures increase the moisture-holding capacity of the atmosphere and can lead to greater atmospheric demand for evapotranspiration, especially during warmer seasons of the year. Increases in precipitation or atmospheric humidity ameliorate this enhanced demand, whereas decreases exacerbate it. In the southwestern United States (Southwest), this means the greatest changes in evapotranspirational demand resulting from higher temperatures could occur during the hot–dry foresummer and hot–wet monsoon. Here seasonal differences in surface climate observations are examined to determine how temperature and moisture conditions affected evapotranspirational demand during the pronounced Southwest droughts of the 1950s and 2000s, the latter likely influenced by warmer temperatures now attributed mostly to the buildup of greenhouse gases. In the hot–dry foresummer during the 2000s drought, much of the Southwest experienced significantly warmer temperatures that largely drove greater evapotranspirational demand. Lower atmospheric humidity at this time of year over parts of the region also allowed evapotranspirational demand to increase. Significantly warmer temperatures in the hot–wet monsoon during the more recent drought also primarily drove greater evapotranspirational demand, but only for parts of the region outside of the core North American monsoon area. Had atmospheric humidity during the more recent drought been as low as during the 1950s drought in the core North American monsoon area at this time of year, greater evapotranspirational demand during the 2000s drought could have been more spatially extensive. With projections of future climate indicating continued warming in the region, evapotranspirational demand during the hot–dry and hot–wet seasons possibly will be more severe in future droughts and result in more extreme conditions in the Southwest, a disproportionate amount negatively impacting society.

The Demography of East and Southeast Asia from the 1950s to the 2000s

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Isabelle Attané ◽  
Magali Barbieri
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
The 1950S

Working the machinery

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-155
Author(s):  
Jens Steffek
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
United Nations System ◽  
American Political Scientist ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The 19Th Century

This chapter explores how technocratic internationalism found new fields of application in international development and regional integration. During the 1950s and 1960s, a new generation of international organizations began to work on the socio-economic tasks that functionalists had recommended for international action. With the expansion of the United Nations system of organization, global governance took a markedly technocratic but also a welfarist turn. In this explicit orientation towards human welfare and concrete projects, they differed from the technical standard setting organizations active since the 19th century. The concept of socio-economic development was congenial to functionalists since its promise of progress is linked to the technocratic belief in technical solutions. Functionalism also became a textbook doctrine for European integration, with the European Coal and Steel Community of 1951 as a direct product of functionalist thinking. This chapter also discusses the professionalization of political science in the 1950s and 1960s, where scholars began to perceive Mitrany’s ideas as ‘reformist ideology’ rather than as a serious theory of international organization. To remedy these defects, American political scientist Ernst Haas re-formulated it as ‘neo-functionalism’. Although ostensibly an empirical-analytical approach eschewing normative commitments, neo-functionalism remained committed to the ideal of rationalized governance.

Why very good in India might be pretty good in North America

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-489
Author(s):  
Susanne Wagner
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
North American ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Variationist Sociolinguistics ◽  
The Future ◽  
Trajectories Of Change

Abstract Situated at the interface of several sub-disciplines (corpus linguistics, World Englishes, variationist sociolinguistics), this study investigates patterns of adjectival amplification (very good, so glad, pretty cool) in the Corpus of Global Web-Based English (GloWbE). It highlights regional distributions/preferences of amplifier-adjective 2-grams and the idiosyncratic status of certain bigrams according to their frequency status. Globally, clear regional preferences in amplification patterns as well as possible trends concerning change are identified. Regionally, L1 varieties contrast starkly with some regions (Africa, Indian subcontinent) but – maybe unexpectedly – not with others (Southeast Asia). The results offer insights into current trajectories of change concerning the investigated amplifiers in certain regions and 2-grams: North American varieties are leading a trend away from very towards so and possibly pretty in the future.

scholarly journals Making Organisms Model Human Behavior: Situated Models in North-American Alcohol Research, since 1950

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Ankeny ◽  
Sabina Leonelli ◽  
Nicole C. Nelson ◽  
Edmund Ramsden
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
North American ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Alcohol Addiction ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Model Validity ◽  
Experimental Tool ◽  
The 1950S

ArgumentWe examine the criteria used to validate the use of nonhuman organisms in North-American alcohol addiction research from the 1950s to the present day. We argue that this field, where the similarities between behaviors in humans and non-humans are particularly difficult to assess, has addressed questions of model validity by transforming the situatedness of non-human organisms into an experimental tool. We demonstrate that model validity does not hinge on the standardization of one type of organism in isolation, as often the case with genetic model organisms. Rather, organisms are viewed as necessarily situated: they cannot be understood as a model for human behavior in isolation from their environmental conditions. Hence the environment itself is standardized as part of the modeling process; and model validity is assessed with reference to the environmental conditions under which organisms are studied.

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