scholarly journals The 2011 Egyptian Revolution and Islamists in Egypt and Malaysia

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-168
Author(s):  
Afif Pasuni
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Egyptian Revolution ◽  
Ongoing Process ◽  
The Difference ◽  
To Come

The opposition Islamist PAS (Parti Islam Se-Malaysia, or Pan Malaysian Islamic Party) is one of the oldest political parties in Malaysia. Inspired by Egypt’s Ikhwan al-Muslimin (Muslim Brotherhood [MB]), PAS is also influenced by occurrences in the Middle East; following the 1979 Iranian Revolution, its leaders revamped their organizational structure to entrust key decisions to religious scholars. The ramifications of the 2011 Egyptian revolution, arguably one of the most significant Middle Eastern political events in recent times, thus deserves a closer look. This short article attempts to look at this revolution’s possible impact on Islamists in Malaysia. I argue that Malaysia had already undergone its own version of a revolution in the 1998 reformasi (reformation) due to the shared characteristics between the two events: both (1) shared the same premise of alleged political injustice; (2) provided opportunities for Islamists to influence the political discourse, with the difference that in Egypt there was a political vacuum; and (3) utilized the Internet heavily to rally the masses. However, due to Malaysia’s freer democratic and electoral processes, political changes there will not be as abrupt as in Egypt. Furthermore, both Egypt’s revolution and Malaysia’s reformasi have hardly ended; the former is a tumultuous ongoing process of battling for the legitimacy of rule by appealing to the masses, while the latter is an ongoing process of appealing to voters in order to come to rule.

Christian Martyrs under Islam

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian C. Sahner
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Christian Identity ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Mixed Marriages ◽  
Islamic Empire ◽  
To Come ◽  
Early Islamic

How did the medieval Middle East transform from a majority-Christian world to a majority-Muslim world, and what role did violence play in this process? This book explains how Christians across the early Islamic caliphate slowly converted to the faith of the Arab conquerors and how small groups of individuals rejected this faith through dramatic acts of resistance, including apostasy and blasphemy. Using previously untapped sources in a range of Middle Eastern languages, the book introduces an unknown group of martyrs who were executed at the hands of Muslim officials between the seventh and ninth centuries CE. Found in places as diverse as Syria, Spain, Egypt, and Armenia, they include an alleged descendant of Muhammad who converted to Christianity; high-ranking Christian secretaries of the Muslim state who viciously insulted the Prophet; and the children of mixed marriages between Muslims and Christians. The book argues that Christians never experienced systematic persecution under the early caliphs, and indeed, they remained the largest portion of the population in the greater Middle East for centuries after the Arab conquest. Still, episodes of ferocious violence contributed to the spread of Islam within Christian societies, and memories of this bloodshed played a key role in shaping Christian identity in the new Islamic empire. The book examines how violence against Christians ended the age of porous religious boundaries and laid the foundations for more antagonistic Muslim–Christian relations in the centuries to come.

Websites as Spaces for Building the Identities of Political Parties

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-78
Author(s):  
Adriane Figueirola Buarque de Holanda ◽  
Cynthia H. W. Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Minor Parties ◽  
Political Game ◽  
The Way

Initially, studies on policy and the internet considered websites as spaces for the propagation of political and electoral marketing. However, this proposal presents a different perspective regarding the internet as a space for building the identity of political parties with their diverse audiences: cross-party and intra-party. The chapter is divided into three parts: the first deals with politics and the internet focusing on the theory of equalization and normalization to match the political game between major and minor parties. Thus, to understand the organizational structure of the parties, the theory of the parties of cadres and masses is offered. Also, to deepen this discussion, the selective and collective incentives that are part of the genetics of political parties are treated. As the results, the website serves as an instrument of communication of the party, divulging the objectives, the internal disputes between the different factions, and the way the party works.

Pensée 2: New Media and Old Agendas: The Internet in the Middle East and Middle Eastern Studies

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
WALTER ARMBRUST
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
New Media ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Al Jazeera ◽  
Satellite Television ◽  
The Third ◽  
Middle Eastern Studies ◽  
Middle East Studies

My thoughts on the Internet were recently jogged by an experience with a slightly older medium, namely, satellite television. In late March 2007 I attended the Third Annual Al-Jazeera Forum, in Doha. Notwithstanding the attendance of a few academics like me, the forum was largely a networking opportunity for professional journalists, just as MESA is for professional Middle East studies academics. However, unlike MESA, forum presenters, as well as the audience, were handpicked. Even the expenses of the attendees were subsidized (my hotel bill was paid by al-Jazeera). This inevitably made the event an exercise in open self-promotion for al-Jazeera.

The Role of the Military in Middle East Politics

1953 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Khadduri
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Political Office ◽  
Middle East Politics ◽  
Heads Of State ◽  
The Military

During the past four years several Middle Eastern countries have experienced governmental changes in which the army took an active part. In Syria and Egypt the army deliberately intervened to overthrow discredited regimes and to depose the heads of state. In Lebanon and Iraq the heads of state, themselves alarmed by an intense struggle among rival political parties, invited the army to intervene in order to maintain order. In Lebanon the army refused to crush the opposition, acting only as a caretaker; in Iraq the army agreed to support authority against disorder and the effect of its intervention cannot yet be foreseen.This control of government by the military is indicative both of serious defects in democratic processes in the Middle East and of the eagerness with which Middle Eastern leaders seek high political office. In Western democratic countries, traditions have developed which tend to keep the army isolated from domestic politics, although military advice has often been sought on foreign policy, and persons whose careers have been in the military service are not infrequently elected, or appointed, to high political positions. This is a quite different matter, however, from the military's choosing to occupy high political office through the weapons of its own profession.

scholarly journals Sharī‘a Scripts

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-109
Author(s):  
Andre Gingrich
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Legal Anthropology ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Textual Scholarship ◽  
Present Volume ◽  
Magnum Opus ◽  
To Come

While the Yemen seems to be stumbling from one disaster into the next, it is good to see how some of the best experts in Yemeni studies continue their work in ways that will be useful in the country’s future. The present volume is not only bound to become recognized soon as the magnum opus by Brinkley Messick, professor of  anthropology and Middle Eastern, South Asian and African studies at Columbia University and one of the world’s leading experts in Yemeni studies today. More importantly still, Sharī‘a Scripts features all the qualities required for a true academic milestone in Yemen-related scholarship for decades to come, with potential ramifications for the historical and legal anthropology of the Middle East at large. This volume is based on half a lifetime of analytical and comparative studies that began during the author’s first fieldwork period in the central and southern highlands of northern Yemen during the 1970s. Messick meticulously examines the structures of jurisprudence (the “library” in his terms) with the methodologies and techniques of textual scholarship, while relating it to the “archive” of records concerning everyday interactions in legal life as embedded within the practical interplay of fields between orality and scriptural statements. To download full review, click on PDF.

scholarly journals Sharī‘a Scripts: A Historical Anthropology

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-109
Author(s):  
Andre Gingrich
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Legal Anthropology ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Historical Anthropology ◽  
Present Volume ◽  
Magnum Opus ◽  
To Come

While the Yemen seems to be stumbling from one disaster into the next, it is good to see how some of the best experts in Yemeni studies continue their work in ways that will be useful in the country’s future. The present volume is not only bound to become recognized soon as the magnum opus by Brinkley Messick, professor of  anthropology and Middle Eastern, South Asian and African studies at Columbia University and one of the world’s leading experts in Yemeni studies today. More importantly still, Sharī‘a Scripts features all the qualities required for a true academic milestone in Yemen-related scholarship for decades to come, with potential ramifications for the historical and legal anthropology of the Middle East at large. This volume is based on half a lifetime of analytical and comparative studies that began during the author’s first fieldwork period in the central and southern highlands of northern Yemen during the 1970s. Messick meticulously examines the structures of jurisprudence (the “library” in his terms) with the methodologies and techniques of textual scholarship, while relating it to the “archive” of records concerning everyday interactions in legal life as embedded within the practical interplay of fields between orality and scriptural statements. To download full review, click on PDF.

Teaching the Digital Natives

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Hussein Moustafa
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Digital Natives ◽  
The Internet ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Survey ◽  
Middle East History

The goals of the Middle East history survey course are to introduce students to the major events in the history of the Middle East and to show the diversity of Middle Eastern civilization. In this paper, I discuss how instructors can use the Internet to enrich their teaching of the Middle East history survey course for students known as “digital natives.”

The Effect of the Political Situation in the City of Jerusalem on the Rights of the Jerusalem Women

1970 ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Fadwa Al-Labadi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Colonial Legacy ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City ◽  
Legislative Processes

The concept of citizenship was introduced to the Arab and Islamic region duringthe colonial period. The law of citizenship, like all other laws and regulations inthe Middle East, was influenced by the colonial legacy that impacted the tribal and paternalistic systems in all aspects of life. In addition to the colonial legacy, most constitutions in the Middle East draw on the Islamic shari’a (law) as a major source of legislation, which in turn enhances the paternalistic system in the social sector in all its dimensions, as manifested in many individual laws and the legislative processes with respect to family status issues. Family is considered the nucleus of society in most Middle Eastern countries, and this is specifically reflected in the personal status codes. In the name of this legal principle, women’s submission is being entrenched, along with censorship over her body, control of her reproductive role, sexual life, and fertility.

PENGELOLAAN DATA ANGGOTA BERBASIS WEBSITE DI YAMAHA VIXION CLUB CABANG BANDUNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-127
Author(s):  
Nova Indrayana Yusman
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Management Software ◽  
The City ◽  
Data Management Software

Yamaha Vixion Club Bandung (YVCB) was formed on July 7, 2007 in the city of Bandung, as a place of friendship between Yamaha Vixion motorcyclists. In its organizational structure, YVCB has a Human Resource Development (HRD) division. Until now, there are more than 800 Yamaha Vixion Club Bandung members. This software is made to facilitate the work of the Yamaha Vixion Club Bandung HRD Division in processing member data. Created using Microsoft Webmatrix as an editor with the PHP programming language. The database uses MySQL with PHPMyAdmin as the software. The method used in making this software is prototyping so that between developers and customers can understand each other what the customer wants. The purpose of making web-based member data management software is that in terms of managing member data it can be done anytime and anywhere by just accessing the internet. In the use of the program, the author chose to use PHP, because PHP is the best and easiest to use in website programming language. Based on the last paragraph, the author intends to make aplication based computerized attendance so that become effective and efficient in terms of time.

Book Reviews

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-246
Author(s):  
Kariane Westrheim ◽  
Michael Gunter ◽  
Yener Koc ◽  
Yavuz Aykan ◽  
Diane E. King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Kurdish Conflict

Adem Uzun, “Living Freedom”: The Evolution of the Kurdish Conflict in Turkey and the Efforts to Resolve it. Berghof Transitions Series No. 11. Berlin: Berghof Foundation, 2014. 48 pp., (ISBN: 978-3-941514-16-4).Ebru Sönmez, Idris-i Bidlisi: Ottoman Kurdistan and Islamic Legitimacy, Libra Kitap, Istanbul, 2012, 190 pp., (ISBN: 978-605-4326-56-3). Sabri Ateş, The Ottoman–Iranian Borderlands: Making a Boundary, 1843-1914, New York; Cambridge University Press, 2013. 366., (ISBN: 978-1107033658).  Choman Hardi, Gendered Experiences of Genocide: Anfal Survivors in Kurdistan-Iraq. Farnham, Surrey and Burlington Vermont: Ashgate, 2011, xii + 217 pp., (ISBN: 978-0-7546-7715-4).Harriet Allsopp, The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East, London and New York, I.B. Tauris, 2014, 299 pp., (ISBN: 978-1780765631).Khanna Omarkhali (ed.), Religious Minorities in Kurdistan: Beyond the Mainstream [Studies in Oriental Religions, Volume 68], Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2014, xxxviii + 423 pp., (ISBN: 978-3-447-10125-7).Anna Grabole-Çeliker, Kurdish Life in Contemporary Turkey: Migration, Gender and Ethnic Identity, London: I.B. Taurus, 2013, 299 pp., (ISBN: 978-1780760926).  

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