JUSTIFICATION OF THE APPLICATION OF THERMAL PREPARATION ON CARS IN DIFFERENT CLIMATE ZONES

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1357-1363
Author(s):  
A.A. Panfilov ◽  
◽  
I.S. Vokhmyanin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Fuel Costs ◽  
Thermal Preparation ◽  
Engine Start

The paper presents the rationale for the feasibility of using an autonomous liquid heater for thermal preparation of the engine in different climatic zones. A comparison is made of operating costs when using an autonomous liquid heater and a car alarm with the function of maintaining the optimum temperature. Several large settlements of the Tyumen region were selected for a comparative calculation. Using climatic portals, the average number of cold days over three years was selected and the number of cold engine starts in each city was determined. The objects of the study were Toyota Land Cruiser Prado cars with different power plants: diesel and gasoline. The calculation does not consider the effect of the autonomous heater on the comfort of use and the technical condition of the vehicle, only the current fuel costs during daily operation are taken into account. In the course of the calculations, it was found that at ambient temperatures up to -150C for a gasoline car and -170C for a diesel car, the use of a pre-starting autonomous liquid heater is not economically viable. The required number of days is also determined to obtain economic benefits from the pre-heater, taking into account the cost of its installation on cars with gasoline and diesel engines. Using the results of the study, it can be concluded that not in all settlements it is advisable to install preheaters. The severity of the climate in some cities does not pose a big threat to a guaranteed cold engine start and may be limited only by using the remote engine start function built into the security system.

scholarly journals Modeling Airline Cost Pass-Through within Regional Aviation Markets

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (23) ◽  
pp. 146-157
Author(s):  
Bojun Wang ◽  
Aidan O’Sullivan ◽  
Lynnette Dray ◽  
Andreas W. Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fuel Costs

Studies assessing the impact of market-based environmental policies in aviation rely on various scenarios of airline cost pass-through, because there is little empirical evidence with respect to the impacts of airline costs on airfares. Instead, the costs effect has been indirectly measured by proxy variables such as distance, fuel price, and aircraft sizes. This paper provides empirical evidence of airline cost pass-through by developing an airfare model that explicitly captures airline operating costs. Using a feasible generalized two-stage least squares (FG2SLS) approach, we obtained coefficients of airline fuel costs per passenger, non-fuel costs per passenger, and non-fuel costs per flight modeling for seven world regions (20 region-pair markets). A comparison of the estimated cost pass-through elasticities conducted across regional markets suggests that airlines may respond to the cost increases differently, depending on the cost types and the markets they operate in. Based on the estimated coefficients, we systematically evaluate the potential impacts of introducing a carbon tax policy within two major regional markets with distinct cost pass-through elasticities.

scholarly journals IMPROVING METHODS OF THERMAL PREPARATION OF SHIP POWER PLANTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Victor Ivanovich Kochergin
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Preparation

Low ambient temperatures negatively impact the performance criteria of the ship power plants: increasing load onto the moving parts due to the growing irregularity of the shaft rotation speed in the power plants . Heating of a power plant in cold seasons is especially important for the modes of hot idle time, which are typical for all kinds of transport. Negative impact of low ambient temperatures most notably becomes apparent at starting the internal combustion engines. Normative documents do not determine the size of harmful substance discharge during the engine operation in the reset mode. To maintain the optimum thermal condition of the ship power plants for the purpose of ensuring their profitability, non-failure operation and resource indicators it is necessary to develop and widely use the thermal preparation methods. As the main criteria of such improvement it is possible to use the following indicators: efficiency of thermal preparation, amount of power inputs, labor intensiveness during installation, mobility, environment protection and fire safety. Pre-start heating units on the base of catalytic heating elements meet the required quality criteria of thermal preparation of power plants, especially regarding the environmental friendliness of the process. The problem of preliminary evaporation of liquid fuel has been solved. Pilot studies of the catalytic heating elements operating on gas or diesel fuel with preliminary evaporation have defined the potential of catalytic oxidation technologies. The results obtained allow further development of ecologically safe and effective pre-starting preheaters that use diesel fuel as a source of thermal energy and the most widespread type of fuel for ship power plants.

Development of an algorithm of implementation of programs of repair of steam boilers and turbines of TPPs based on technical condition of power equipment

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
N. V. Baidakova ◽  
A. V. Afonin ◽  
A. V. Blagochinnov
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Equipment Maintenance ◽  
Power Equipment ◽  
Equipment Failure ◽  
Software Market ◽  
Maintenance System ◽  
Steam Boilers ◽  
The Cost

Deterioration and aging of the technical fleet of thermal power facilities lead to an unpredictable shutdowns of power equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to create a special approach in maintenance and repair programs, taking into account the possibility of predicting the moment of onset of the defect, its development, as well as the time of possible equipment failure. The equipment maintenance system used at the enterprises is based on the collection of retrospective data on defects and failures on the main and auxiliary equipment of the TPP and summarizing statistics on identical or similar equipment samples. Analysis of domestic and foreign methods of maintenance and organization of repair, as well as possibility of their application in modern power engineering is given. In order to create an efficient production asset management system, which addresses the problem of finding a balance between the potential risk of losses associated with both the operation of equipment and the cost of correcting defects, new class systems are now used in the software market, which carry out equipment maintenance based on the forecast. In order to optimize the equipment maintenance system and ensure uninterrupted and reliable operation of the equipment at minimum operating costs, as well as to reduce equipment downtime, unscheduled and emergency operations, it is advisable to use a modern approach to manage both reliability and risk, as well as the cost of asset ownership. This will enable to control the economic efficiency of the use of production assets. The necessity of creation of an algorithm of implementation of repair programs of power equipment base on technical condition for its use in digital power systems is shown. An algorithm is proposed for implementing the repair program of power units of electric power plants, including steam boilers and turbines of thermal power plants, differing by taking into account the technical condition of power equipment, which allows recognizing the defect that has appeared, determining the cause of its occurrence, its evolution and the duration of possible equipment failure. In the developed repair maintenance algorithm, it is proposed to make a transition from statistical empirical assessments of the technical condition of the equipment to objective estimates obtained on the basis of automated technical diagnostics systems and predictive analysis of situations.

scholarly journals Assessment of Technical Condition and Readiness of Pump Units by Diagnostic Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 04010
Author(s):  
M. M. Muhammadiev ◽  
O. Y. Glovatsky ◽  
R. R. Ergashev ◽  
N. R. Nasyrova ◽  
F. S. Saidov
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Power Equipment ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Pumping Units ◽  
The Cost

The article presents the developed methods and models for analyzing the dynamic indicators of pumping units for different time intervals of their state during operation. The main tasks of assessing the technical condition are to identify deviations from design solutions, the presence of damage, defects in pump structures that can cause accidents. The results of the development of a diagnostic system for pumping units at pumping stations are presented. The working conditions of the connecting links of the main pumping and power equipment and its diagnostics are considered. The introduction of the proposed diagnostic system will lead to a reduction in operating costs of pumping units and the cost of their maintenance.

scholarly journals Economic Dispatch Analysis Using Equal Incremental Cost Method with Linear Regression Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Arnawan Hasibuan ◽  
Robi Kurniawan ◽  
Muzamir Isa ◽  
Mursalin Mursalin
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Incremental Cost ◽  
Economic Dispatch ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Regression Approach ◽  
Generation Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Fuel Costs

The use of fuel is one thing that needs special attention, because most of the operating costs of a plant are fuel costs. One of the efforts to minimize the cost of generating fuel is called Economic dispatch. In this study, an Equal Incremental Cost method with a Linear Regression approach will be presented to obtain a minimum generation cost. The case taken is the Pangkalan Susu PLTU which operates two generating units. Based on the results of calculations using the Equal Incremental Cost method with the Linear Regression approach, the cost is -0.033% or an average of -13,111 $/hour.

OPERATING COSTS OF TECHNICAL TRANSPORT MEANS IN A FARM

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (3) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Krzyszof Kapela ◽  
Marek Gugała ◽  
Marek Niewęgłowski ◽  
Ewa Krasnodębska
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Fuel Costs

The main objective of the study was to present the costs of exploitation of transport means in an individual agricultural holding located in the Masovian province, specializing in crop production. The cost analysis was performed on the basis of a yearly record of transport operations on the farm and data obtained by direct interview. The scope of research covered the years 2015-2017. The analysis shows that the costs of using transport means, depending on the type of transport set and the year, ranged from 1197.46 PLN/ha UR to 1442.62 PLN/ha UR. The highest share in the structure of the operating costs of transport means are variable costs, which accounted for around 70% in the analyzed period. Among the variable costs, fuel costs account for a large proportion of their costs (around 55%).

Wet or Dry Cooling?

Solar Energy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Khalil ◽  
Aaron Sahm ◽  
Robert Boehm
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Solar Power Plants ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Dry Cooling

Two major aspects related to water use in solar power plants are examined. First we compare the water used in various approaches to power generation. These include water requirements for cooling (where applicable) and other needs within the plant. Included is attention to water requirements for makeup in Rankine cycles, as well as for cleaning of concentrating solar systems. In the second thrust, we examine the impacts of using dry cooling for Rankine cycles. It is generally established that this approach requires premiums in both capital and operating costs (the latter is dependent upon the cost of water), as well as a penalty in performance when compared to wet systems. We examine the trends associated with this technology and outline some for the current performance issues with various cooling approaches.

scholarly journals Low-Carbon Economic Dispatch Based on a CCPP-P2G Virtual Power Plant Considering Carbon Trading and Green Certificates

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12423
Author(s):  
Qingyou Yan ◽  
Xingbei Ai ◽  
Jinmeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Virtual Power ◽  
Virtual Power Plants ◽  
Green Certificates ◽  
The Cost

To improve the economic benefits of power systems in the process of achieving multi-energy complementation and decarbonization, this paper proposes a dispatching optimization model for virtual power plants (VPP) that considers carbon trading and green certificates. Firstly, the structure of the VPP system integrating wind and solar generators (WP and PV), power-to-gas (P2G), carbon capture power plants (CCPP) and price-based demand response (PBDR) is established. Secondly, the two-way interactive trading models among the VPP, carbon trading and green certification market are constructed. Then, the dispatching optimization model of the VPP is constructed. Finally, the numerical example is solved and analyzed by the chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm, which verifies the rationality and effectiveness of the new model. The results show that: (1) when the VPP considers the CCPP-P2G, the cost of the system is reduced by USD 2550.48, while the CO2 emissions are reduced by nearly 50%; (2) the addition of PBDR reduces the CO2 emissions of the thermal power unit, which has reduced the cost of carbon tax by nearly 27.8%, further reducing the cost of the VPP; (3) the introduction of the carbon trading and green certificate market has reduced the operating cost of the VPP by nearly 22.24%.

Waste minimization program in Shuaiba Industrial Area

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 289-295
Author(s):  
Saleh Al-Muzaini
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Waste Minimization ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Eastern Sector ◽  
Western Sector ◽  
Petroleum Companies ◽  
The Cost

The Shuaiba Industrial Area (SIA) is located about 50 km south of Kuwait City. It accommodates most of the large-scale industries in Kuwait. The total area of the SIA (both eastern and western sectors) is about 22.98 million m2. Fifteen plants are located in the eastern sector and 23 in the western sector, including two petrochemical companies, three refineries, two power plants, a melamine company, an industrial gas corporation, a paper products company and, two steam electricity generating stations, in addition to several other industries. Therefore, only 30 percent of the land in the SIA's eastern sector and 70 percent of land in the SIA's western sector is available for future expansion. Presently, industries in the SIA generate approximately 204,000 t of solid waste. With future development in the industries in the SIA, the estimated quantities will reach 240,000 t. The Shuaiba Area Authority (SAA), a governmental regulatory body responsible for planning and development in the SIA, has recognized the problem of solid waste and has developed an industrial waste minimization program. This program would help to reduce the quantity of waste generated within the SIA and thereby reduce the cost of waste management. This paper presents a description of the waste minimization program and how it is to be implemented by major petroleum companies. The protocols employed in the waste minimization program are detailed.

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