scholarly journals Intrathyroidal ectopic thymus: Ultrasonographic features and differential diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Erdal Karavas ◽  
Oguzhan Tokur ◽  
Sonay Aydın ◽  
Dilek Gokharman ◽  
Cigdem Uner
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Ectopic Thymus

Ectopic Cervical Thymus: A Common, yet Rarely Symptomatic Pediatric Neck Mass

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Rousslang ◽  
Jaren Meldrum ◽  
Rooks Veronica ◽  
Augustah Poutre ◽  
Timothy Biega
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Thymic Tissue ◽  
Ectopic Thymus ◽  
Unusual Finding

Abstract:: Ectopic thymic tissue is an unusual finding that is generally asymptomatic. We present a case series of five pediatric patients with cervical ectopic thymuses. In two patients, the ectopic thymic tissue was symptomatic, and in three patients it was an incidental finding. We highlight the need to include this anomaly on the differential diagnosis for a pediatric neck mass. We also propose observation, rather than surgical excision, as the treatment of choice for asymptomatic cervical ectopic thymus.

Intrathyroidal Ectopic Thymus and Sonoelastographic Findings

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Guneylı ◽  
Murat Serhat Aygun ◽  
Orhun Cig Taskın ◽  
Ergin Sagtas ◽  
Bulent Colakoglu
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Strain Ratio ◽  
Ectopic Thymus ◽  
Strain Elastography ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Available Information

Background: Intrathyroidal ectopic thymus (IET) can be misdiagnosed as thyroid nodules. Purpose: To evaluate the sonoelastographic findings of IET in pediatric population. Methods: Twelve children who had been examined with ultrasound (US) and strain elastography between December 2012 and December 2019 were included in this retrospective study. The patients’ demographics and ultrasonographic findings including the location, margin, shape, diameters, volume, structure, vascularity, and elastography values of the lesions were evaluated. Results: Twelve lesions were detected in 12 asymptomatic patients (3 females and 9 males) with a mean age of 4.67 ± 2.27 years. The most common location of the IET was in posterior part and middle third of thyroid, and the most common appearance on US was a well-defined, ovoid-shaped, and predominantly hypoechoic solid lesion with punctate/linear branching hyperechogenities. The lesions were mostly hypovascular on Doppler US. The mean strain ratio on elastography was found to be 1.10 ± 0.04. In the follow-up of 7 patients with available information, there was not any significant change in size or appearance of IET on US. Conclusion: IET should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the lesions within the thyroid. The first step to accurately diagnose an IET is to consider it in the differential diagnosis. In addition to US, strain elastography findings can be used to distinguish IETs from papillary thyroid cancers which can have similar US appearance, and help avoid unnecessary biopsies.

scholarly journals Application of Shear Wave Sonoelastography in the Differential Diagnosis of Extra- and Intra-Thyroidal Ectopic Thymic Tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Stasiak ◽  
Zbigniew Adamczewski ◽  
Renata Stawerska ◽  
Bartłomiej Stasiak ◽  
Andrzej Lewiński
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Thymic Tissue ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Ectopic Thymus ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Mean

The ultrasound (US) pattern of intrathyroidal ectopic thymus (IET) can resemble papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) while the extrathyroidal ectopic thymus (EET) can mimic pathological lymph nodes. Recently, the usefulness of strain elastography (SE) was demonstrated in the differential diagnosis, however this method has several limitations. The aim of the current study was to assess the usefulness of shear wave elastography (SWE) in this field. The US, SE, and SWE were performed in 31 children with 53 ectopic thymuses (ETs) and quantitative values of SWE parameters were calculated, so as to generate potential normative values of ET elasticity and of the shear wave ratio (SWR). The mean SWRIET was 0.89 ± 0.21 and the mean shear wave stiffness (SWS) was 7.47 ± 1.93 kPa. The mean SWREET was 0.84 ± 0.15 and the mean SWSEET was 11.28 ± 2.58 kPa. The results have proven that the stiffness of ETs is lower or equal to the thyroid’s. SWE was demonstrated to be a useful diagnostic method for ET evaluation. Therefore, the application of SWE in ET diagnosis allows more accurate evaluation of ET-like lesions and, in many cases, allows one to avoid invasive procedures, simultaneously providing a precise monitoring method based on combined US and SWE evaluation.

scholarly journals Sonographic and Elastographic Features of Extra- and Intrathyroidal Ectopic Thymus Mimicking Malignancy: Differential Diagnosis in Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Stasiak ◽  
Zbigniew Adamczewski ◽  
Renata Stawerska ◽  
Tomasz Krawczyk ◽  
Monika Tomaszewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Ectopic Thymus

scholarly journals Pharyngeal Ectopic Thymus: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
pp. 014556132091843
Author(s):  
Chi Chen ◽  
Bei-Bei Liu ◽  
Pan-Pan Bian ◽  
Bai-Cheng Xu ◽  
Yu-Fen Guo
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Surgical Approach ◽  
Ectopic Thymus

Pharyngeal ectopic thymus is a rare cause of pharyngeal masses and is rarely considered in the differential diagnosis of neck and head masses in children. In this paper, the case of an infant with a pharyngeal ectopic thymus is presented and our intraoral surgical approach in the patient’s treatment is described.

scholarly journals Interobserver Agreement and Plane-Dependent Intraobserver Variability of Shear Wave Sonoelastography in the Differential Diagnosis of Ectopic Thymus Tissue

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Adamczewski ◽  
Magdalena Stasiak ◽  
Bartłomiej Stasiak ◽  
Magdalena Adamczewska ◽  
Andrzej Lewiński
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Intraobserver Variability ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Ectopic Thymus ◽  
Thymus Tissue ◽  
Plane Transverse ◽  
Imaging Plane

Shear wave elastography (SWE) has been demonstrated to be a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of ectopic thymus tissues (ETs), providing quantitative values of the shear wave stiffness (SWS) of both ETs and adjacent thyroid tissue. However, no data are available on the potential influence of the imaging plane (transverse vs. longitudinal) on the obtained SWS and shear wave ratio (SWR) values in SWE of these tissues. Moreover, no reports on the interobserver repeatability of SWE were published in regard to ETs. The aim of this study has been to evaluate the potential influence of the examination plane—transverse vs. longitudinal—on the SWS and SWR results, as well as to determine whether SWE of ETs is subjected to interobserver variability. SWE was demonstrated to have high inter- and intraobserver agreement in the evaluation of ETs and adjacent thyroid tissue. Significant differences between SWS values, but not SWR values, obtained in the transverse and longitudinal planes were observed. This phenomenon is probably a result of anisotropy-related artifacts and does not reduce the reliability of the method. SWE operators should be aware of the presence of plane-dependent artifacts to properly interpret the obtained results.

Tumor Diagnosis

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 262-265
Author(s):  
Bruce Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Specific Diagnosis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscopic Diagnosis

The broadest application of transmission electron microscopy (EM) in diagnostic medicine is the identification of tumors that cannot be classified by routine light microscopy. EM is useful in the evaluation of approximately 10% of human neoplasms, but the extent of its contribution varies considerably. It may provide a specific diagnosis that can not be reached by other means, but in contrast, the information obtained from ultrastructural study of some 10% of tumors does not significantly add to that available from light microscopy. Most cases fall somewhere between these two extremes: EM may correct a light microscopic diagnosis, or serve to narrow a differential diagnosis by excluding some of the possibilities considered by light microscopy. It is particularly important to correlate the EM findings with data from light microscopy, clinical examination, and other diagnostic procedures.

The Preschool Stuttering Screen for Health Care Professionals

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Joseph Donaher ◽  
Christina Deery ◽  
Sarah Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Developmental Profile

Healthcare professionals require a thorough understanding of stuttering since they frequently play an important role in the identification and differential diagnosis of stuttering for preschool children. This paper introduces The Preschool Stuttering Screen for Healthcare Professionals (PSSHP) which highlights risk factors identified in the literature as being associated with persistent stuttering. By integrating the results of the checklist with a child’s developmental profile, healthcare professionals can make better-informed, evidence-based decisions for their patients.

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