scholarly journals O źródłach pamięci miasta w nowoczesności

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-106
Author(s):  
Magdalena Saryusz-Wolska

The analysis of urban experience of modernity developed simultaneously with the analysis of collective memory. Urban space is related with a palimpsest metaphor, which includes urban memory in the history of memory understood as a history of the media. In recent years the relationship between memory and a city is analyzed on the examples featuring multiculturalism and migration movements of the cities of the Central Europe, e.g. in the Vienna monograph ca. 1900 Das Gedächtnis der Städte (The Memory of the City) by Moritz Csaky. On the other hand, the media paradigm is used by Christine Boyer, who analyses visual manifestations of city memory in her book The City of Collective Memory. Juxtaposition of the two mutually complementing scientific attitudes invokes a need to postulate a deeper analysis of the role of popular culture and visuality in shaping the memory of cities, as well as conducting further studies on cross-country and transnational “cultural tangles”.

Author(s):  
Tatiana Pogossian

 London exerts attraction and repulsion upon travellers, writers and artists alike. Its past is overshadowed by the never-ending process of change, yet a close investigation helps unveiling hidden parts of a collective memory. Peter Ackroyd, Iain Sinclair and Gilbert & George have explored the memory of London through the prism of cultural studies, psychogeography or contemporary art. London: The Biography by Peter Ackroyd, Lights Out for the Territory, London Orbital by Iain Sinclair and the 20 London E 1 Pictures by Gilbert & George may serve as a basis for retrieving fragile realms of memory. We may wonder whether these realms cannot be likened to « ecology of knowledge ». If ecology designates an environment regulated by specific rules and mechanisms, what do “ecologies of knowledge” refer to in the urban context?  Besides, the nature of the relationship between the experience of London and the ecology of knowledge prompts questions. Does the experience of London dislocate the artistic universes created by Peter Ackroyd, Iain Sinclair and Gilbert & George? Or do the artistic works partake in the dislocation of urban experience? 
My contention in this paper is to unveil the ways in which the polymorphism of the city is translated into writerly and iconographic codes. As the understanding of the urban ecology keeps receding, similarly the works adopt process and metamorphosis as structuring principles. 
First, the destabilising exploration of London shall be assessed by its impact upon the physical experience, and the renegotiation of concepts such as body, empiricism, and the spirit of the place. Then, the frustrating exploration of London may be analysed through literary and artistic devices that echo the dislocation in the works. Eventually, these works will lead us to consider the dis-membering of the city body as the only  means to the re-membering of London.     Londres ejerce atracción y repulsión entre  los viajeros, artistas y escritores. Su pasado, aunque ocultado por el proceso de cambio que caracteriza la ciudad, se deja  domesticar, desvelando una memoria  colectiva descuidada. Peter Ackroyd, Iain Siclair y Gilbert & George han registrado la memoria de Londres a través del prisma de estudios culturales de la psicogeografía o de las artes plásticas contemporáneas.  London : The Biography de Peter Ackroyd, Lights Out For the Territory, London Orbital de Iain Sinclair y los 20 London E 1 Pictures de Gilbert & George  sirven de punto de partida para la exploración de trozos  de memoria que van desvaneciéndose. ¿Si la ecología designa un entorno regulado por mecanismos específicos, que mecanismo regula esta ecologia urbana ? En este artículo, analizaremos la dislocación de la ciudad y su codificación  textual e iconográfica. Dado que la comprensión de la ecología urbana se revela  problemática, las obras adoptan  a su vez el proceso y la metamorfosis como principios estructurantes. ¿Como la ecologia urbana y los universos artisticos  ecologia artistica interactuan : ¿la experiencia de Londres disloca los universos artísticos de Peter Ackroyd , Iain Sinclair et Gilbert & George? ¿O sus obras participan en la dislocación de la experiencia urbana? En primer lugar, la experiencia desestabilizante de Londres se valorará a partir de su impacto sobre la experiencia física, ajustando  conceptos como el cuerpo, el empirismo o el alma del lugar. Luego, la exploración de Londres se analizará con procedimientos que imitan la dislocación. Por fin, el análisis del corpus nos llevará a contemplar el desmembramiento  del cuerpo de la ciudad como único medio para encontrarse con la memoria  evanescente de Londres..     


2019 ◽  
pp. 85-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Faria ◽  
Elsa Guilherme ◽  
Joaquim Pintassilgo ◽  
Maria João Mogarro ◽  
Ana Sofia Pinho ◽  
...  

In this paper we present an evaluation of an App for mobile devices, ‘Roteiro dos Descobrimentos’, as an educational digital resource for primary school students. The study involved the participation of 131 students and eight teachers. Data were collected from participant observation, students’ questionnaires and interviews to students and teachers. According to students, they learned new things, related with the topics explored, in an easy and funny way. Students also emphasized as positive aspects the fact that they had to face different challenges and the need to mobilize their knowledge to solve them. Teachers referred that students showed great interest and enthusiasm during the activities. As main gains, teachers stressed that the application fosters the relationship of students with the city, facilitates collaboration, and promotes students’ autonomy. In resume, it seems that the playful and interactive dimension of the App promoted the development of important skills such as the ability to interact with the environment, collaborative work, autonomy, and reading and interpretation skills. As a conclusion, there is a great receptivity to integrate mobile technologies in the teaching and learning process, but the role of the teacher can’t be dismissed, as a mediator and educator.


Urban History ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOROTHEE BRANTZ

In recent years, urban history has witnessed an expansion of actors. Historians have substantially and continuously extended their perspectives when it comes to examining the forces that drive urban developments. This expansion to an ever-broader range of human and increasingly also non-human actors (e.g. animals, technological systems and resources such as water) has opened up many new venues for investigations. It has also raised new questions about the role of cities in the history of social change. One of the most provocative ideas involves the claim that cities themselves should be considered agents and proprietors of change. Such notions of urban agency are premised on the assumption that, on the whole, cities are more than the sum of their parts. In this context, urbanization is not just viewed as the outcome of other determining societal forces, most notably capitalism. Instead, cities themselves are understood as determining entities and powerful enablers or preventers of material transformations. The investigative potential of such a perspective is tremendous, but the possible pitfalls should also not be underestimated. Exploring the explanatory prospects of urban agency requires, first of all, a critical engagement with both of the terms ‘agency’ and ‘the urban’. In my brief contribution to this roundtable, I would like to offer two points to the discussion: the first centres on the relationship between agency and intentionality/responsibilities, which is ultimately a political concern; the second aims to differentiate between the city as an entity and the urban as a process. Such a distinction, in turn, poses conceptual as well as methodological questions regarding the efficacy of agency as an urban concept.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1365-1391
Author(s):  
Elizabete Albernaz ◽  
Lenin Pires

Pursuing the broader political effects of the relationship between violence, mobility, and inequality, the article describes some of the grounded political-economies (re)producing social inequalities in Brazil and South Africa, and a discontinuous experience of the urban space. This fragmented spatial experience is produced by the simultaneous operation of a discursive apparatus projecting a split ideal of “city”, and grounded social mechanics, in the intersection of values and power relations. In Johannesburg, South Africa, we’ve described the creation of Maboneng, a “urban development project”, to highlight the role of social mobility and growing class aspirations as powerful political vehicles for neoliberal markets reissuing old apartheid socio-spatial divisions. In Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, we’ve explored the relationship between the State and its margins to understand the production of the milícia as a violent anti-modern capitalist venture, aiming to control the circulation of people, capital and political support in the city.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Mądry

Polish-Jewish Relations at Poznan University, 1919-1939, in Light of Archival MaterialsThis article covers Polish-Jewish relations at Poznań University between 1919 and the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, in light of unpublished documents from the archives of the University (since renamed Adam Mickiewicz University). It begins by describing the demographics of Poznań and the relationship between the Jewish and Polish populations of the city in 1919, the year which marked both Greater Poland (Wielkopolska) regaining its independence and the founding of Poznań University. Based on the evidence provided by the  unpublished archival documents, the article then assesses how and why the situation of Jewish students at the University changed over time. Particular attention is paid to the role of youth organisations, especially All Polish Youth (Młodzież Wszechpolska), the aim of which was to entirely ban Jews from attending the institution. The article also examines the attitudes of University professors towards Jews, both in  terms of their personal views and the research they conducted. Analysing the unpublished documents from the University’s archives serves as the first step towards filling in the many blank pages in the history of this institution of higher education. Having said this, further inter-disciplinary studies are needed by historians and specialists in fields such as psychology, sociology, ethnology and cultural studies, before a complete explanation can be provided as to why a conflict between Polish and Jewish students broke out at Poznań University.  Stosunki polsko-żydowskie na Uniwersytecie Poznańskim w latach 1919–1939 w świetle materiałów archiwalnychArtykuł ten ukazuje stosunki polsko-żydowskie na Uniwersytecie Poznańskim w latach 1919–1939, tj. w okresie od założenia Uniwersytetu do wybuchu II wojny światowej, w świetle nieopublikowanych  dotychczas dokumentów znajdujących się w zbiorach archiwum Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Zwraca uwagę na sytuację demograficzną oraz stosunki pomiędzy ludnością polską i żydowską w Poznaniu w 1919 roku, tj. w momencie odzyskania przez Wielkopolskę niepodległości i utworzenia Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego. Następnie na podstawie analizy dokumentów przedstawiona jest w nim zmieniającą się z biegiem lat sytuacja młodzieży żydowskiej studiującej na Uniwersytecie Poznańskim oraz jej przyczyny, z podkreśleniem roli, jaką odegrały organizacje młodzieżowe, a zwłaszcza Młodzież Wszechpolska. Celem ich było całkowite wyeliminowanie Żydów z tej uczelni. Na uwagę zasługuje także stosunek niektórych profesorów do Żydów zarówno pod kątem ich poglądów, jak i prowadzonych badań. Przeprowadzona analiza materiałów w archiwum UAM jest pierwszym krokiem do zapisania wielu dotychczas jeszcze białych kart w dziejach tej uczelni. Pełne wyjaśnienie przyczyn konfliktu pomiędzy studentami narodowości polskiej i żydowskiej na UP wymaga podjęcia dalszych szeroko zakrojonych badań interdyscyplinarnych zarówno przez historyków, jak i przez specjalistów z takich dziedzin nauki, jak psychologia, socjologia, etnologia czy kulturoznawstwo.


space&FORM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (46) ◽  
pp. 25-46
Author(s):  
Magdalena Gyurkovich ◽  

The city is an artwork in itself, as its urban and architectural structure creates unique spaces that offer emotions and experiences on various scales. Details and sculptures are used to build the city’s nature and recognisability. The paper presents an approach to the city as an exhibition, where the relationship between the environment and the displayed object is created. What is the contemporary role of these works of art, such as sculpture, in urban space? Do they only fill the space or commemorate historical facts, or were they consciously arranged in relationship with their surroundings to create unique values?


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Amato

In the analysis of the relationship between social and spatial dynamics, the peripheries assume, from the perspective of social geography, the role of an ideal laboratory for observing and interpreting the conditions of discomfort and marginalization. The contribution focuses on Scampia, the northern district of the city of Naples, which represents, together with other Italian suburbs, a context where the gaze that is exercised is too often conditioned by a stigma of decay, also fueled by some media simplifications. Through the reconstruction of the genesis and history of this district, with the contribution of the various land surveys carried out, we try to return a more articulated vision.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-174
Author(s):  
Francesca Stevens

In the age of headphone culture, where privatized listening while wandering around the city is the norm, the use of headphones raises questions about the experience of the listener and their perception of their urban environment. Of particular interest is the disjunct relationship between black metal music and urban space. Black metal lyrics often portray images of nature and paganism, a concept completely removed from a modern urban landscape. This article draws from Michael Bull’s work on iPod culture as well as ethnographic research to explore the black metal fan’s experience of private listening in a public cityscape. The main focus of this study is the relationship between the ambiguously intertwined visual urban reality and sonic imaginary. The research suggests that the black metal listener can have one of four experiences of time and space resulting in what is referred to as either a split or a blend of the aural imagined experience and the visual reality of the city.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Li

AbstractThis article studies the role of rainfall in determining the education composition of Mexico-US migration. Emphasizing the relationship between rainfall and migration costs, a revised Roy model indicates that rainfall affects selection on education through not only households’ liquidity constraints but also the comparisons between changes in migration costs and wage differentials at different levels of education. With retrospective data on the migration history of male Mexicans, the empirical analysis shows that the inverted U-shaped relationship between migration probabilities and education is less dispersed with a higher vertex when rainfall decreases, suggesting higher migration costs and reinforced self-selection patterns. The impacts of rainfall on selection and education are stronger for the migrant stock than for migration flows. Studying how rainfall influences migrants’ return decisions provides consistent results.


Author(s):  
Gulnaz B. Azamatova ◽  
◽  
Mikhail I. Rodnov ◽  
Marsil N. Farkhshatov

Introduction. In the Southern Urals traditionally densely inhabited by Turkic peoples, the role of Ufa for the cultural and economic development of Bashkirs and Tatars was extremely important. Goals. The article highlights key moments in the formation of administrative, intellectual and economic resources in the Southern Ural capital, the systemic combination of which has turned Ufa into a center for the Muslim peoples of Russia’s East. The conceptual insight into cultural history of the multinational city presupposes analyses of religious, economic, and sociopolitical preconditions for its emergence. Materials. Along with historiographic data, the article investigates periodicals, archival documents, including a large array of reporting papers by the Volga-Kama Commercial Bank stored at the Russian State Historical Archives. Results. The early history of Ufa was associated with the existence of a Tatar settlement in the city and the shaping of a layer of non-Russian officials and nobility. The strategic efforts aimed at eliminating the influence of Central Asian and Turkish Muslims on co-religionists in the eastern outskirts of Russia resulted in an unprecedented project to create Orenburg Muftiate in Ufa. The latter’s activities became the main prerequisite for further concentration of intellectual and social resources of Russian Muslims in the city. The economic base of Muslim parishes with a full-fledged infrastructure — mosques, madrasas and maktabs — was largely formed by wealthy Ufa-based Muslim merchants. The role of Ufa in the social and political life of Russian Muslims can be traced through the development of the media, regional and national Muslim congresses. Conclusions. The development of Ufa as a center of Russia’s Turko-Islamic society contributes to the understanding of the phenomenon of cultural regionalism and its content.


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