Les aspects philosophiques de la théologie selon Jean Duns Scot

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-446
Author(s):  
Michal Chabada
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Practical Science ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Franciscan Spirituality ◽  
The One

Theologians of the 14th C. agreed that theology is scientific knowledge based upon the truths of revelation. But the very introduction of Aristotle's and aristotelian philosophy into theology turned out to be problematic. Above all, it was questionable to integrate theology—as a science based on revelation—within the aristotelian framework of sciences. This problem is difficult for Scotus in two ways. On the one hand, he uses the concepts elaborated in greek philosophy, but, on the other hand, his franciscan spirituality compels him towards the opposite solution. Scotus only has the Aristotle's division of theoretical and practical sciences at his disposal to determine the character of theology, and he chooses to classify theology as practical science. Scotus is pouring “new wine” of Christian revelation into “old wineskins” of greek philosophy, the fact causing noticeable problems when interpreting many Scotus' ideas and views.

Scientific realism and antirealism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Fine
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Realism ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Empirical Adequacy ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Dual Character ◽  
Objects Of Knowledge ◽  
The One ◽  
Independent Existence

Traditionally, scientific realism asserts that the objects of scientific knowledge exist independently of the minds or acts of scientists and that scientific theories are true of that objective (mind-independent) world. The reference to knowledge points to the dual character of scientific realism. On the one hand it is a metaphysical (specifically, an ontological) doctrine, claiming the independent existence of certain entities. On the other hand it is an epistemological doctrine asserting that we can know what individuals exist and that we can find out the truth of the theories or laws that govern them. Opposed to scientific realism (hereafter just ‘realism’) are a variety of antirealisms, including phenomenalism and empiricism. Recently two others, instrumentalism and constructivism, have posed special challenges to realism. Instrumentalism regards the objects of knowledge pragmatically, as tools for various human purposes, and so takes reliability (or empirical adequacy) rather than truth as scientifically central. A version of this, fictionalism, contests the existence of many of the objects favoured by the realist and regards them as merely expedient means to useful ends. Constructivism maintains that scientific knowledge is socially constituted, that ‘facts’ are made by us. Thus it challenges the objectivity of knowledge, as the realist understands objectivity, and the independent existence that realism is after. Conventionalism, holding that the truths of science ultimately rest on man-made conventions, is allied to constructivism. Realism and antirealism propose competing interpretations of science as a whole. They even differ over what requires explanation, with realism demanding that more be explained and antirealism less.

Frederick II of Hohenstaufen and Arabic Science

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 289-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Practice ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Court Life ◽  
The One ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Contemporary Approach

The article argues that Frederick II of Hohenstaufen and his court played a unique role in the transfer and diffusion of Arabic science (with its Greek, Hebrew and Christian elements). Scientists at the court translated and elaborated upon it. Moreover, there existed a two-way traffic of scientific knowledge between Frederick and his court scholars, on the one hand, and several oriental courts and their scientists on the other hand. Thus the reader gains a view of Frederick's scientific activities from the Arab perspective, too.Frederick's contribution to the existing biological sciences of his time was his “Book of Falconry”, which was exceptional in the then contemporary approach and methods employed in those fields. Even in this treatise on falconry, Frederick drew upon the fund of knowledge of Arab practitioners. This chain of arguments concerning Arabic science is situated within the setup of Frederick's oriental political practice and sumptuous court life.

Parmenides’ Weg derWahrheit

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-226
Author(s):  
Franz von Kutschera
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Central Issue ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

There is a strange contrast between, on the one hand, the prominent place generally assigned to Parmenides in the history of Greek philosophy, and on the other hand, the persistent uncertainty in the understanding of his teachings, as demonstrated by the large number of conflicting interpretations. In particular, there is no consent on the question whether Parmenides, in spite of the obvious weaknesses of his arguments, ought to be seen as the first proponent of a purely rational metaphysics, or whether, in view of his assertion of the unreality of change and plurality and of the identity of thinking and being, we should first of all view him as a precursor of Plotinus, or even as a mediator between Indian Advaita-philosophy and Neo- Platonism. That question is the central issue considered in this paper. For it, only the first part of Parmenides’ poem is relevant: his “way of truth”.

scholarly journals THE PHENOMENON “BETWEEN”: PARA-SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE AS A TRANSITIONAL TYPE OF KNOWLEDGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
N.I. Martishina
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Basic Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hybrid Type ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cognitive Space ◽  
Transitional Type ◽  
The One ◽  
Forms Of Knowledge

The article considers the phenomenon of the transitional type of knowledge arising at the junction of the main types of cognition. It is shown that forms of knowledge naturally arise in the cognitive space, in which, on the one hand, the level of compliance with the standards of the basic type of cognition for them is reduced and, on the other hand, signs of a different type of cognition are shown. This is an intermediate, hybrid type of knowledge, belonging to which the concepts form a kind of transitional zones between all fields of knowledge. The composition and features of this transitional type of knowledge are considered on the example of para-scientific knowledge.

scholarly journals Consensual nature of scientific knowledge as generalization of its conventionality

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
SERGEY LEBEDEV
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Scientific Cognition ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

The article provides the theoretical reconstruction of the content and philosophical foundations of the consensual and the conventionalist concepts of scientific cognition. It is shown that the consensual concept generalizes the rational aspects of the conventionalist concept on the one hand and rejects it on the other hand. The latter refers to a) the interpretation of the subject of scientific cognition and b) understanding the criterion of the truth of scientific knowledge.

scholarly journals LE IDEE SCIENTIFICHE COME PROTESI DELLA MENTE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Mazzarello
Keyword(s):  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scientific Psychology ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Collective Enterprise

The reflection on the nature of science and the investigation concerning the modalities of its development in a society, are at the center of the volume of Carlo Cattaneo Psicologia delle menti associate (Psychology of the associated minds). Introduced by Carlo Lacaita and organized by Barbara Boneschi, the work derivesabove all from the mosaic of lectures, linked by a unitary vision, held by the author atthe Istituto Lombardo between 1859 and 1866. This series of readings were an important moment of his intellectual elaboration, a space of investigation that went to theheart of his cultural interests, the scientific knowledge that involved all his voraciouscognitive tension. In this comment, particular emphasis will be given to two particularaspects of Cattaneo’s scientific psychology. On the one hand, the idea of scientificknowledge as a collective enterprise, therefore as a collaborative synthesis of several associated minds; on the other hand, the concept of science as a cognitive device thatmakes it possible to amplify the possibility of exploration and perception of the world.

The Surveying of Hell. On Theatricality and Styles of Thinking

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmar Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
European Culture ◽  
The One ◽  
Sharp Criticism

In 1529 Agrippa von Nettesheim criticized the ‘futility and uncertainty’ of science. Indeed, the triumphant rise of European culture and science has always been accompanied by shadows of dissent. While, on the one hand, the rhapsodic shattering of reason was heavily criticized, on the other hand, equally sharp criticism was raised against the hermetic spirit of universal systems. The accepted authority of scientific knowledge was continually served a Lenten repast, and mighty edifices built on theory have bowed to the weight of doubt, crumbling into ruins of truths. The path which we call ‘progress’ is overlaid with traces of our own actions in the image of Sisyphus in Hades, who is condemned to push a huge boulder uphill. He is forever forced back to the beginning of his task, because of the perfidious nature of the stone.

A Powerful Antidote, a Strange Camel and Turkish Pepper: Iberian Science, the Discovery of the New World and the Early Modern Czech Lands

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 214-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Černá
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
New World ◽  
The Other ◽  
Information Network ◽  
Central European ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
European Science ◽  
The One ◽  
Czech Lands

This article analyses the reception of knowledge about new world nature, and, more specifically, the reception of Iberian scientific knowledge of nature in the Americas, in the early modern Czech lands. It shows how the process of the reception of information about nature in the new world differed among the urban classes, intellectuals and the nobility; particular attention is paid to herbals, cosmographical works and travel reports. On the one hand, the study reveals that the efforts of Central European intellectuals to interpret new world nature were limited by the lack of necessary data and experience, which led to some misinterpretations and simplifications. On the other hand, it shows these Central European scholars to be fully-fledged members of an information network, whose works share many of the same characteristics as Iberian and, in general, early modern European science.


Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

Radioimmunotherapy for treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
R. G. Meyer ◽  
W. Herr ◽  
A. Helisch ◽  
P. Bartenstein ◽  
I. Buchmann
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Primary Reduction ◽  
The One ◽  
Acute Myeloid

SummaryThe prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has improved considerably by introduction of aggressive consolidation chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Nevertheless, only 20-30% of patients with AML achieve long-term diseasefree survival after SCT. The most common cause of treatment failure is relapse. Additionally, mortality rates are significantly increased by therapy-related causes such as toxicity of chemotherapy and complications of SCT. Including radioimmunotherapies in the treatment of AML and myelodyplastic syndrome (MDS) allows for the achievement of a pronounced antileukaemic effect for the reduction of relapse rates on the one hand. On the other hand, no increase of acute toxicity and later complications should be induced. These effects are important for the primary reduction of tumour cells as well as for the myeloablative conditioning before SCT.This paper provides a systematic and critical review of the currently used radionuclides and immunoconjugates for the treatment of AML and MDS and summarizes the literature on primary tumour cell reductive radioimmunotherapies on the one hand and conditioning radioimmunotherapies before SCT on the other hand.

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