The Surveying of Hell. On Theatricality and Styles of Thinking

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmar Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
European Culture ◽  
The One ◽  
Sharp Criticism

In 1529 Agrippa von Nettesheim criticized the ‘futility and uncertainty’ of science. Indeed, the triumphant rise of European culture and science has always been accompanied by shadows of dissent. While, on the one hand, the rhapsodic shattering of reason was heavily criticized, on the other hand, equally sharp criticism was raised against the hermetic spirit of universal systems. The accepted authority of scientific knowledge was continually served a Lenten repast, and mighty edifices built on theory have bowed to the weight of doubt, crumbling into ruins of truths. The path which we call ‘progress’ is overlaid with traces of our own actions in the image of Sisyphus in Hades, who is condemned to push a huge boulder uphill. He is forever forced back to the beginning of his task, because of the perfidious nature of the stone.

Scientific realism and antirealism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Fine
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Realism ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Empirical Adequacy ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Dual Character ◽  
Objects Of Knowledge ◽  
The One ◽  
Independent Existence

Traditionally, scientific realism asserts that the objects of scientific knowledge exist independently of the minds or acts of scientists and that scientific theories are true of that objective (mind-independent) world. The reference to knowledge points to the dual character of scientific realism. On the one hand it is a metaphysical (specifically, an ontological) doctrine, claiming the independent existence of certain entities. On the other hand it is an epistemological doctrine asserting that we can know what individuals exist and that we can find out the truth of the theories or laws that govern them. Opposed to scientific realism (hereafter just ‘realism’) are a variety of antirealisms, including phenomenalism and empiricism. Recently two others, instrumentalism and constructivism, have posed special challenges to realism. Instrumentalism regards the objects of knowledge pragmatically, as tools for various human purposes, and so takes reliability (or empirical adequacy) rather than truth as scientifically central. A version of this, fictionalism, contests the existence of many of the objects favoured by the realist and regards them as merely expedient means to useful ends. Constructivism maintains that scientific knowledge is socially constituted, that ‘facts’ are made by us. Thus it challenges the objectivity of knowledge, as the realist understands objectivity, and the independent existence that realism is after. Conventionalism, holding that the truths of science ultimately rest on man-made conventions, is allied to constructivism. Realism and antirealism propose competing interpretations of science as a whole. They even differ over what requires explanation, with realism demanding that more be explained and antirealism less.

Frederick II of Hohenstaufen and Arabic Science

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 289-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Practice ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Court Life ◽  
The One ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Contemporary Approach

The article argues that Frederick II of Hohenstaufen and his court played a unique role in the transfer and diffusion of Arabic science (with its Greek, Hebrew and Christian elements). Scientists at the court translated and elaborated upon it. Moreover, there existed a two-way traffic of scientific knowledge between Frederick and his court scholars, on the one hand, and several oriental courts and their scientists on the other hand. Thus the reader gains a view of Frederick's scientific activities from the Arab perspective, too.Frederick's contribution to the existing biological sciences of his time was his “Book of Falconry”, which was exceptional in the then contemporary approach and methods employed in those fields. Even in this treatise on falconry, Frederick drew upon the fund of knowledge of Arab practitioners. This chain of arguments concerning Arabic science is situated within the setup of Frederick's oriental political practice and sumptuous court life.

Les aspects philosophiques de la théologie selon Jean Duns Scot

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-446
Author(s):  
Michal Chabada
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Practical Science ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Franciscan Spirituality ◽  
The One

Theologians of the 14th C. agreed that theology is scientific knowledge based upon the truths of revelation. But the very introduction of Aristotle's and aristotelian philosophy into theology turned out to be problematic. Above all, it was questionable to integrate theology—as a science based on revelation—within the aristotelian framework of sciences. This problem is difficult for Scotus in two ways. On the one hand, he uses the concepts elaborated in greek philosophy, but, on the other hand, his franciscan spirituality compels him towards the opposite solution. Scotus only has the Aristotle's division of theoretical and practical sciences at his disposal to determine the character of theology, and he chooses to classify theology as practical science. Scotus is pouring “new wine” of Christian revelation into “old wineskins” of greek philosophy, the fact causing noticeable problems when interpreting many Scotus' ideas and views.

scholarly journals THE PHENOMENON “BETWEEN”: PARA-SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE AS A TRANSITIONAL TYPE OF KNOWLEDGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
N.I. Martishina
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Basic Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hybrid Type ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cognitive Space ◽  
Transitional Type ◽  
The One ◽  
Forms Of Knowledge

The article considers the phenomenon of the transitional type of knowledge arising at the junction of the main types of cognition. It is shown that forms of knowledge naturally arise in the cognitive space, in which, on the one hand, the level of compliance with the standards of the basic type of cognition for them is reduced and, on the other hand, signs of a different type of cognition are shown. This is an intermediate, hybrid type of knowledge, belonging to which the concepts form a kind of transitional zones between all fields of knowledge. The composition and features of this transitional type of knowledge are considered on the example of para-scientific knowledge.

scholarly journals ABOUT ONE CASE OF PERCEPTION OF THE BOLDINSKY MYTH: SERGEY STRATANOVSKY

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1085-1092
Author(s):  
T.V. Zvereva
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Spiritual Power ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Marcus Aurelius ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
European Culture ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given

This article considers one of the cases of embodiment of the Boldinsky myth in the Leningrad underground of 1970s. The object of research attention is the poem «Boldinsky Reflections» of Sergey Stratanovsky. The author of the article believes that the given text goes back to N.A. Berdjaev's hypothesis about possible meeting of A.S. Pushkin and Serafim Sarovsky in 1830. The author of research reveals the central conflict of Russian culture - opposition of the secular and spiritual power. Opposition of heroes is strengthened thanks to three latent plots: literary (Walsingham and the Priest), biographic (A.S. Pushkin and metropolitan Filaret), metaliterary (Benedict Sarnov and Vadim Kozhinov). Such structure of the text allows us to speak about the presence of an archetypical plot for Russia, which organizes the paradigm of Russian culture. The author has found out the latent citation from Marcus Aurelius' "Reflections", which allows us, on the one hand, to consider Boldinsky Reflections in a philosophical context and, on the other hand, to speak about the opposition between Russian and European culture.

scholarly journals Consensual nature of scientific knowledge as generalization of its conventionality

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
SERGEY LEBEDEV
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Scientific Cognition ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

The article provides the theoretical reconstruction of the content and philosophical foundations of the consensual and the conventionalist concepts of scientific cognition. It is shown that the consensual concept generalizes the rational aspects of the conventionalist concept on the one hand and rejects it on the other hand. The latter refers to a) the interpretation of the subject of scientific cognition and b) understanding the criterion of the truth of scientific knowledge.

scholarly journals LE IDEE SCIENTIFICHE COME PROTESI DELLA MENTE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Mazzarello
Keyword(s):  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scientific Psychology ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Collective Enterprise

The reflection on the nature of science and the investigation concerning the modalities of its development in a society, are at the center of the volume of Carlo Cattaneo Psicologia delle menti associate (Psychology of the associated minds). Introduced by Carlo Lacaita and organized by Barbara Boneschi, the work derivesabove all from the mosaic of lectures, linked by a unitary vision, held by the author atthe Istituto Lombardo between 1859 and 1866. This series of readings were an important moment of his intellectual elaboration, a space of investigation that went to theheart of his cultural interests, the scientific knowledge that involved all his voraciouscognitive tension. In this comment, particular emphasis will be given to two particularaspects of Cattaneo’s scientific psychology. On the one hand, the idea of scientificknowledge as a collective enterprise, therefore as a collaborative synthesis of several associated minds; on the other hand, the concept of science as a cognitive device thatmakes it possible to amplify the possibility of exploration and perception of the world.

A Powerful Antidote, a Strange Camel and Turkish Pepper: Iberian Science, the Discovery of the New World and the Early Modern Czech Lands

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 214-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Černá
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
New World ◽  
The Other ◽  
Information Network ◽  
Central European ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
European Science ◽  
The One ◽  
Czech Lands

This article analyses the reception of knowledge about new world nature, and, more specifically, the reception of Iberian scientific knowledge of nature in the Americas, in the early modern Czech lands. It shows how the process of the reception of information about nature in the new world differed among the urban classes, intellectuals and the nobility; particular attention is paid to herbals, cosmographical works and travel reports. On the one hand, the study reveals that the efforts of Central European intellectuals to interpret new world nature were limited by the lack of necessary data and experience, which led to some misinterpretations and simplifications. On the other hand, it shows these Central European scholars to be fully-fledged members of an information network, whose works share many of the same characteristics as Iberian and, in general, early modern European science.


The Appointment and Deposition of Rabbi Yitshak Abulafia

2015 ◽  
pp. 168-198
Author(s):  
Yaron Harel
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Dynamic ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
Blood Libel ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Sharp Criticism

This chapter describes the events that led to the removal of Rabbi Yitshak Abulafia not long after he finally overcame the obstacles to his appointment to the office of ḥakham bashi. Rabbi Abulafia's relations with the government were excellent, as were his relations with the leaders of the Christian and Muslim communities. Nevertheless, the rabbi still had to negotiate a path among various groups both within and outside the community. These groups included, on the one hand, the supporters of the Alliance Israélite Universelle (AIU) in Damascus and, on the other hand, some of the more zealous Torah scholars. The chapter then looks at Rabbi Abulafia's tenure in relation to the activity of the Alliance and to the issue of modern education, as this manifested itself with the renewal of the society's activity in Damascus in 1880. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, the internal dynamic of religious zealotry in Damascus eventually led to confrontation between the zealots and the established religious leadership — the ḥakham bashi. The relations of Jews with Christians, which had fluctuated during the years since the 1840 Damascus blood libel, reached a new nadir in the early 1890s, expressed in the renewal of the blood libel. Rabbi Abulafia's way of dealing with this problem attracted sharp criticism from his opponents, leading even to acts of violence and calls for his removal from office.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

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