scholarly journals Operational phase problems of prefabricated residential buildings on the example of the objects in the Lublin region

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 007-014
Author(s):  
Stanisław Fic ◽  
Maciej Szeląg ◽  
Andrzej Szewczak
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Basic Problem ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Operational Phase

Developed in Poland systems of prefabricated residential buildings provide an opportunity for an effective solution to the basic problem of the period of industrial development which was the lack of an adequate number of apartments. Unfortunately, the degree of realization of objectives due to numerous errors caused problems in the usage of made objects. The paper provides an overview of the basic causes of failures and defects in the prefabricated residential buildings, starting from the design stage, the conditions of transport, assembly of components and ending with negligence resulting from their improper use. The effects of neglect are shown in the examples of buildings from Lublin and the surrounding area as one of the most common technical problems. An analysis of the causes of the faults and their effects in the form of failure and damage of structural elements was shown.

scholarly journals DESIGN FOR RESILIENT HUMAN-SYSTEM INTERACTION IN AUTONOMY: THE CASE OF A SHORE CONTROL CENTRE FOR UNMANNED SHIPS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1023-1032
Author(s):  
Erik Aleksander Veitch ◽  
Thomas Kaland ◽  
Ole Andreas Alsos
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Design ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
System Failure ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Resilience Engineering ◽  
Unexpected Events ◽  
Human System ◽  
Control Centre ◽  
Operational Phase ◽  
Human Centred Design

AbstractArtificial intelligence is transforming how we interact with vehicles. We examine the case of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS), which are emerging as a safer and more effective solution for maritime transportation. Despite the focus on autonomy, humans are predicted to have a central role in MASS operations from a Shore Control Centre (SCC). Here, operators will provide back-up control in the event of system failure. There are signification design challenges with such a system. The most critical is human-system interaction in autonomy (H-SIA). We consider humans as the source of resilience in the system for adapting to unexpected events and managing safety. We ask, can Human-Centred Design (HCD) be used to create resilient interactions between MASS and SCC? Work has been done in resilience engineering for complex systems but has not been extended to H-SIA in transportation. “Resilient interaction design” is relevant as we progress from design to operational phase. We adopted the ISO 9421-210 guideline to structure our HCD approach. The result is an SCC designed for 1 Autonomy Operator (AO). The contribution is a demonstration of how resilient interaction design may lead to safer and more effective H-SIA in transportation.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic and hydrostatic forces as factors affecting tailing dump stability

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
D. Sh. Sharipov
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Tailing Dump ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Deformation Processes ◽  
Tailing Dams ◽  
The Impact

The study of the processes occurring deep in the earth's crust has always been a relevant research topic. The results of these studies allowed development and safe mining of mineral deposits in various conditions. The growth in the consumption of extracted resource and the increase in the scale of mining are forcing enterprises to search for the solutions to complex engineering and technical problems, one of which is the problem of displacement of rock masses and the earth's surface in industrial production-affected areas including tailings dams. The purpose of this study is to improve the operation safety of tailing dams. The object of the study is embankment dams of dressing plant tailing dumps. The subject of the study is deformation processes occurring in dam bodies and slope surfaces. The main research methods used in the work are: the study of safe operation methods for tailing dams based on the operating conditions of Uchalinskoye tailing dump using the modern methods of stability assessment, analysis and generalization of domestic and foreign experience, as well as the study of current methods of geomechanical monitoring of deformation processes – engineering and geological, geophysical, mine surveying and hydrogeological ones. The article describes geographic, hydrographic, climatic, geological and mining operation conditions of the tailing dump of Uchalinsky GOK (Ore Mining and Processing Plant) JSC. The influence of hydrodynamic and hydrostatic forces on embankment tailing dam stability is substantiated. Based on the data obtained and the research methods used, it is concluded that hydrodynamic and hydrostatic forces are fundamental destructive factors affecting dams. The results of these studies can be applied at the design stage of hydraulic structures, since they will supplement theoretical knowledge about the impact of liquid waste on the safety of tailing dams and earth-filled dams, as well as allow detecting deformation processes at their initial development stage and making decisions on their elimination.

scholarly journals Design of Pre Blasting (Pre-Splitting) in Tan Cang Quarry NO.1 in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen An Dinh ◽  
Thai Hop PHAM ◽  
Cong Dien LE ◽  
Quang Hieu TRAN ◽  
Dinh Bao TRAN
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Annual Output

Nowadays, construction material quarries in Dong Nai Province are exploiting with large quarrying depth, and the annual output could reach to tens of million cubic meters. The blasting frequency could be reached to hundreds of times, so the frequency is the major reason decreasing the cohesion of rock mass. Therefore, the surrounding area of blasting holes is broken, especially the area next to the final border where bench slope angle is not implemented as that of design stage, as well as the back break, also causes fractures on the bench slope, resulting in instability and unsafety due to falling rock. In this paper, the author also wants to introduce the pre blasting and the method to define blasting parameters to increase the stabilization of Slopes in Tan Cang quarry NO.1 in Vietnam.

Cost and environmental performance of forced air and hot water heating systems in post-Soviet countries

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Begmyrat Kulmedov ◽  
Serdar Durdyev
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
High Price ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heating Systems

PurposeThe aim of the present study is to assess the selected heating systems (furnace and boiler) commonly used in the dwellings of seven post-USSR (the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) countries. The systems were assessed in terms of their cost and environmental performance, with natural gas and electricity used as the main source of energy.Design/methodology/approachThe cost-effectiveness and environmental performance of the selected heating systems that have been commonly used in the selected post-USSR countries was assessed. Current energy (natural gas and electricity) prices that are applied in those countries were used.FindingsResults show that the furnace is the cheapest option, while natural gas is the cheapest source of energy, despite its high price in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Both heating systems could be considered eco-friendly options, although their efficiencies need to be considered at the design stage. Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, which are the top natural gas producers, offer natural gas for the selected heating systems as both cost-effective and eco-friendly options.Practical implicationsA considerable reduction in electricity consumption and less harm to our environment can be achieved through the systems used in residential buildings in the region.Originality/valueThe outcomes of the present study offer value (in terms of cost-effective and eco-friendly options) for the end-users in the region.

SANITARY PROTECTION ZONES BY NOISE FACTOR FROM GAS DISTRIBUTION POINTS

Akustika ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
Vladimir Tupov ◽  
Vitaliy Skvortsov
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Protection Zone

The power equipment of thermal power plants is a source of noise to the surrounding area. One of the sources of noise for the surrounding area are gas distribution points (GDP) of thermal power plants (TPP) and district thermal power plants (RTS). Noise from gas distribution points may exceed sanitary standards at the border of the sanitary protection zone. The article shows that the radiated noise from gas distribution points depends on the power of the thermal power plant (natural gas consumption) and the type of valves. Three types of valves used in gas distribution points are considered. Formulas are obtained for calculating the width of the sanitary protection zone for gas distribution points for thermal stations, depending on the consumption of natural gas (electric power of the thermal power plant) and the type of valve. It is shown that, depending on the valve used, the noise level at the border of the sanitary protection zone can either meet sanitary standards or exceed them. This allows at the design stage to select the required type of valve or to determine mitigation measures from hydraulic fracturing.

scholarly journals Analysis of repair works to remove the effects of structural failure after a gas explosion

2019 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Bąk ◽  
Ryszard Chmielewski
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Failure ◽  
Gas Explosion ◽  
Gas Explosions ◽  
Construction Supervision ◽  
Bearing Structure ◽  
Construction Works

The article presents the issues of repair works in a multi-family residential building, whose structural and non – structural elements have been damaged and destroyed by a gas explosion and the fire. Gas explosions in residential buildings constitute a small percentage of the total number of building disasters, however, due to the relatively large number of injured people, these incidents are very dangerous [1]. Moreover, the gas explosion often leads to significant material losses and fatalities. Proper assessment of the load-bearing structure after such incident requires an extensive knowledge of the behaviour of structures. The first authority, that issues a decision regarding further use is Construction Supervision Inspector. Until the demolition of the object is ordered, the next step is to provide expert report made by an authorized construction expert, whose aim is to assess the technical condition of the elements of the structure and to determine the scope of necessary repair works. Construction expert, who give such opinion during the assessment of objects immediately after such incident, often has limited access to structural elements, moreover these elements often are covered. Hence, the recommendations contained in these reports often do not include all of required construction works.

The Effects of Strengthening the AAC Walls Using Glass Mesh Arranged in Different Configurations

2019 ◽  
Vol 817 ◽  
pp. 442-449
Author(s):  
Marta Kałuża ◽  
Jan Kubica
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Modes Of Failure ◽  
Diagonal Compression ◽  
External Strengthening ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Aerated Concrete

The usage of AAC (Autoclaved Aerated Concrete) blocks for the construction of new masonry structures, particularly low-rise residential buildings, has become very popular in Poland. It provides an uncomplicated erecting method, which is characterized by thin bed joints and unfilled head joins, but at the same time, makes these walls very sensitive to any internal tensile stresses, causing damage with varying intensity. To avoid premature cracking, leading to a brittle failure of existing walls, an external strengthening can be an acceptable and effective solution. Taking into account that AAC units are a natural material, the application of a FRCM system (instead of FRP) is more suitable here. This system uses a mineral-based matrix that provides congenial compatibility with a masonry substrate.This study presents an analysis of the influence of superficial strengthening on the behaviour and deformability of masonry walls made of AAC blocks. A typical glass mesh (most often used in thin external plastering) and mineral mortar dedicated to renovation works are used as strengthening materials. The specimens are strengthened unilaterally (two types) or bilaterally and are subjected to diagonal compression according to the RILEM 76-LUM standard. The consecutive work stages, shear strains and modes of failure are described and discussed.

Analysis on Application of HCCI Technology for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

2011 ◽  
Vol 128-129 ◽  
pp. 803-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wu ◽  
Hong Yuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Batch Production ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Hybrid Electric

The article introduces HCCI technical characteristics, existing technical problems and characteristics of the hybrid electric vehicles, analyzes application feasibility and advantages of HCCI technology for hybrid electric vehicles and proposes that HCCI technology is an effective solution for the hybrid electric vehicles in increasing economy of internal-combustion engine oil and reducing emissions and further can realize batch production of products.

Supporting the Ideation Process and Representation of the Design of a Product as Part of a Real Life Use Process

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliab Z. Opiyo
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Early Design Stage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Detail Design ◽  
Main Challenge

Numerous virtual and physical prototyping techniques have been developed in the past decades. These techniques are typically used for prototyping of products in the embodiment and detail design phases of the product development process, without taking into consideration the processes associated with products. These processes include sub-processes related to the operation of the products, interactivity of the product developer or the user with the product, and thinking and manipulative control of humans. The main challenge addressed in this paper is how to conceptualize and communicate ideas about products together with all accompanying processes. We have developed a new concept of abstract prototyping (AP), with the intent to enable the ideation and representation of products or systems as real life processes. In this paper, we present application case studies to demonstrate the applicability of this new concept of abstract prototyping. The preliminary results show that this is indeed the case and prove that process-focused abstract prototyping can be a useful new enabler for design communication. One of the major benefits of the proposed method over the competing approaches such as the application of VR solutions is that it provides a low-cost, but yet effective solution for the challenge of taking into consideration how the product will be used in user’s context or scenario at the very early design stage.

scholarly journals Engagement of Facilities Management in Design Stage through BIM: Framework and a Case Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Xiangyu Wang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Ping Yung ◽  
Guo Jun
Keyword(s):  
Information Support ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Facilities Management ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Early Design Stage ◽  
Visual Model ◽  
Early Adoption ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Operational Phase

Considering facilities management (FM) at the early design stage could potentially reduce the efforts for maintenance during the operational phase of facilities. Few efforts in construction industry have involved facility managers into the design phase. It was suggested that early adoption of facilities management will contribute to reducing the needs for major repairs and alternations that will otherwise occur at the operational phase. There should be an integrated data source providing information support for the building lifecycle. It is envisaged that Building Information Modelling (BIM) would fill the gap by acting as a visual model and a database throughout the building lifecycle. This paper develops a framework of how FM can be considered in design stage through BIM. Based on the framework, the paper explores how BIM will beneficially support FM in the design phase, such as space planning and energy analysis. A case study of using BIM to design facility managers’ travelling path in the maintenance process is presented. The results show that early adoption of FM in design stage with BIM can significantly reduce life cycle costs.

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