scholarly journals Analysis of repair works to remove the effects of structural failure after a gas explosion

2019 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Bąk ◽  
Ryszard Chmielewski
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Failure ◽  
Gas Explosion ◽  
Gas Explosions ◽  
Construction Supervision ◽  
Bearing Structure ◽  
Construction Works

The article presents the issues of repair works in a multi-family residential building, whose structural and non – structural elements have been damaged and destroyed by a gas explosion and the fire. Gas explosions in residential buildings constitute a small percentage of the total number of building disasters, however, due to the relatively large number of injured people, these incidents are very dangerous [1]. Moreover, the gas explosion often leads to significant material losses and fatalities. Proper assessment of the load-bearing structure after such incident requires an extensive knowledge of the behaviour of structures. The first authority, that issues a decision regarding further use is Construction Supervision Inspector. Until the demolition of the object is ordered, the next step is to provide expert report made by an authorized construction expert, whose aim is to assess the technical condition of the elements of the structure and to determine the scope of necessary repair works. Construction expert, who give such opinion during the assessment of objects immediately after such incident, often has limited access to structural elements, moreover these elements often are covered. Hence, the recommendations contained in these reports often do not include all of required construction works.

scholarly journals Influence of Age on the Technical Wear of Tenement Houses

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Jarosław Konior ◽  
Marek Sawicki ◽  
Mariusz Szóstak
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Building Maintenance ◽  
Technical Maintenance ◽  
Traditional Construction ◽  
The Impact

The research presented in the article, which includes methods, models, and conclusions, contains synthetic and analytical model solutions concerning the problems of the technical maintenance and wear of residential buildings with a traditional construction. The cause and effect relationships between the occurrence of damage in the elements of tenement houses (treated as proof of their maintenance conditions), and the size of the technical wear of these elements were determined using a representative and purposefully selected sample of 102 residential buildings erected during the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Wroclaw’s “Downtown” district. Quantitative damage analysis, which was carried out using empirical (visual) methods of assessing the technical condition of a building, indicates the type and size of damage to the building’s elements that are characteristic for the relevant maintenance conditions. Research concerning the cause–effect relationships (“damage–technical wear”) in observed states allows for a numerical approach to the impact of building maintenance conditions on the degree of the technical wear of its components. The maintenance and exploitation conditions determine the degree of the technical wear of the elements of an old residential building. The exploitation condition of these buildings is manifested by damage to elements caused by water and moisture penetration, which is especially important for poorly maintained buildings. The article shows that the age of the elements of an old residential building with a traditional construction is of secondary importance in the process of the intensity of losing its serviceability value. It was calculated that no more than 30% of the damage of building components is explained by the passage of time, and it is therefore not age that determines the course of the technical wear of the elements of the analyzed tenement houses.

scholarly journals Analysis of the results of a survey on a residential building after a gas explosion and fire

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 08014
Author(s):  
Dmitry Panfilov ◽  
Alexander Zaitsev ◽  
Evgeny Yudin
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Gas Explosion ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Gas Explosions ◽  
Experimental And Theoretical Studies

The paper analyzes the statistics on household gas explosions and subsequent fires in the residential sector. The results of a survey of a residential building after a gas explosion and a real fire are presented in order to determine the possibility of its restoration and further operation. The results of the necessary experimental and theoretical studies are presented. Examples of the use of foreign experience in the study of fire resistance of building structures are given. The results obtained were used in the development of recommendations for the possibility of restoration of the house and during the necessary construction and finishing works.

scholarly journals The possibility of an extension to the floor of a non-residential building using lightweight structural elements of increased rigidity

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Ольга Хрянина ◽  
Ol'ga Hryanina ◽  
Юсеф Янгуразов ◽  
Yousef Yangurazov
Keyword(s):  
Residential Building ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Main Bearing ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Satisfactory Condition ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Small Cracks ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Storey Building

The authors summarized the extensive experience of reconstruction of buildings taking into account the superstructure. A visual full-scale inspection of the actual technical condition of the main bearing and enclosing structures of a non-residential one-storey building was carried out. The possibility of superstructure on the floor of the building using lightweight structural elements of high rigidity is considered. According to the results of the survey, an assessment of the technical condition of the structures is given. The General satisfactory condition of the foundations, walls, internal supports, building covering was revealed. Unacceptable deflections of plates, cracks in the plates and between them are not fixed. However, in the wall at row G has haphazardly small cracks on external verst masonry, which appeared likely to result from the soaking of the masonry from leaks from the roof and changes in temperature and humidity. At the moment, the cracks have stabilized, the leaks have been eliminated. The calculations of the foundations of the test conditions of the stress under the foot and stress check given add-in. Conclusions and recommendations are formulated. For the wall on the axis G in the process of construction and operation must be monitored. In case of activation of development of constructive cracks to solve a question of possible strengthening.

scholarly journals Seismic resistance and endurance of the typical residential buildings in Sochi

2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 03014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Yurchenko ◽  
Alexander Volkov ◽  
Asthik Kakosyan
Keyword(s):  
Housing Stock ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Seismic Retrofitting ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
State University ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Housing Density ◽  
Design Life

The typical residential buildings of the 1960-90s are a significant part of Sochi’s housing stock, similar to other cities in Russia. Nowadays they are in the half of their design life. The purpose of the study is to determine the reliability and endurance of operation under conditions of seismic intensity degree VIII by the MSK-64 scale (Medvedev-Sponheuer-Karnik scale), the humid subtropical climate, Sochi’s housing density, and the rugged terrain. Studies of the technical condition of buildings and facilities have been conducted in Sochi State University for 20 years. According to the building codes, the categories of the technical state of both structural elements and building construction were defined, reliability values were calculated, and types of defects were identified. Methods of conducting current repairs and local seismic retrofitting to achieve the characteristic value of buildings’ endurance were proposed.

scholarly journals Determination of cracking causes in building structural elements

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 09038
Author(s):  
Valentina Halushko ◽  
Alexandr Meneiliuk ◽  
Stanislav Kyryliuk
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Theoretical Problem ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Base Soil ◽  
Horizontal Displacements

The article deals with the problems of buildings built many years ago, in which current and major repairs were not carried out in an appropriate manner. At the same time, buildings experience various deformations, such as yield, heel, subsidence, deflections, bends, twists, distortions, horizontal displacements. The survey of residential buildings built in the 80s is described and the analysis of the results of the survey of one of these buildings is carried out. The theoretical problem of the distribution of moisture in depth and various degrees of soil moisture has been solved. The reasons for the appearance of cracks in structures and cracks between individual building elements are also determined. The survey of a 9-storey brick residential building, built in the late 80s, which is in the period of normal operation, is considered. At the same time, the considered building is operated with significant deviations from regulatory requirements. The causes of cracks in individual structures and cracks between individual elements in the building are found. The problem of the distribution of moisture in depth with local soaking is solved on the basis of a numerical method, and the character of soil moistening at different depths with different degrees of moistening and characteristics of the base soil is obtained.

scholarly journals Dynamic Characteristics of Gas Explosion and Its Mitigation Measures inside Residential Buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Cen ◽  
Bin Song ◽  
Ruiqing Shen ◽  
Yidong Zhang ◽  
Wuge Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Gas Explosion ◽  
The Real ◽  
Explosion Process ◽  
Simulation Results

Currently, there is very limited understanding of a gas explosion process inside residential buildings. In this study, a numerical model of gas explosion in a residential building was developed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The numerical simulations were performed for different gas cloud filling regions and equivalence ratios to identify the initial scenario, and the simulation results were compared with the real consequences of gas explosion. Additionally, the temporal and spatial evolvement characteristics of explosion overpressure and indoor temperature were analyzed. Furthermore, the effects of vent area ratio and the activation pressure of vent panels in the kitchen were investigated to propose effective mitigation measures for the gas explosions inside residential buildings. The results show that the simulation results reproduced by the CFD model are in good agreement with the real accident consequences. During the explosion process, the overpressure distribution in a room is almost uniform at the same moment and there exists little spatial difference. The maximum temperature can reach up to 1953°C, which can cause secondary fire accidents easily. The maximum flame speed is in the range of 34.3 m/s and 230.9 m/s. It indicates that gas explosion inside residential buildings is a typical deflagration process. When the vent area ratio is less than 0.3, the overpressure peaks decrease rapidly with the increase of the vent area ratio. However, when the vent area ratio is larger than 0.3, the overpressure peaks are almost independent on the vent area ratio. There is a proportional relationship between the overpressure peaks and the activation pressure of vent panels. These achievements provide reliable reference data for the accident investigation of gas explosion and subsequent treatment.

scholarly journals Systematization of interaction between the customer and the contractor responsible for the overhaul work

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Rima S. Petrosyan ◽  
◽  
Vladislav D. Zyukin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Common Property ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Contractual Relationship ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Construction Supervision ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Common

Introduction. The technical condition of residential houses remains a severe challenge in the present-day phase of the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation. Apartment houses become obsolete in the process of operation; they suffer from physical wear and tear; therefore, the monitoring of their technical condition and timely performance of the work, needed to eliminate any defects in the structural elements of buildings, is needed to ensure the proper maintenance of apartment houses. The scope of work, performed within the framework of overhauls, has been gradually shrinking. The sources of funding the renovation, caused by the wear and tear, are scarce, since real estate owners were permitted not to pay the overhaul charges. Materials and methods. The co-authors analyze versatile elements of the system of interaction between the customer and the contractor in the course of overhauling the common property of apartment houses. The co-authors have identified the main connections that govern interaction between the customer and the contractor at the stages of building examination, identification of the types of work to be performed, drafting the project budget, coordinating overhaul assignments, developing the project documentation, entering into contracts, etc. Results. Systematized processes of interaction between the customer and the contractor that performs the overhaul of common property in apartment buildings can serve as the basis for the methodology that regulates the processes of organizing and performing the overhaul of common property in apartment buildings. Conclusions. The customer is responsible for the timely high-quality overhaul of common property in apartment buildings, namely, the establishment of an overhaul fund, keeping track of the target contributions made by the co-owners, entering into a contractual relationship with a contractor and executing construction supervision. Processes of interaction between the customer and the contractor are regulated by organizational factors and parameters, although they are not limited to scheduled stages, therefore, it is impossible to assess their duration and impact on each stage of work.

scholarly journals Case Study of Standard Multi-Storey Residential Building Owners and Tenants’ Perception of Building Technical Conditions and Renovation Issues

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laimdota Šnīdere ◽  
Ineta Geipele ◽  
Iveta Stāmure
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
The Family ◽  
Communal Property ◽  
Technical Maintenance ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The majority of residents in Latvia live in standard multi-storey residential buildings, which were constructed between 1950 and 1992. At present, these buildings are obsolete; besides, in the course of construction process the durability and reliability levels were planned to be insufficient. In Riga, residents of standard multi-storey residential buildings do not support building renovation and are passive, despite the availability of the EU and government support as well as co-financing of building renovation projects. The majority of the respondents assume that the apartment is the most significant asset of the family. Moreover, 34 % - 69 % of the participants have renovated their apartment and save resources within their apartment boundaries. Only some respondents evaluate the technical condition of communal property, but most respondents do not have information concerning resource supply and energy accounting as well as are not interested in resource saving possibilities within the building in general, and do not understand the importance of technical maintenance of the building.

scholarly journals Performance Characteristics of Buildings in the Assessment of Revitalization Needs

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Nowogońska
Keyword(s):  
Aging Process ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Initial Stage

Abstract Performance characteristics are an indicator of both, the technical as well as aesthetic state of buildings. Aesthetic needs are in disagreement with the merciless aging process. The beauty of a city is formed not only by the original forms of new residential buildings, but also by existing tenement housing; thus preserving their aesthetics becomes a necessity. One of the most important problems connected with using any building, but especially a residential building, is ensuring an adequate technical condition. Process of revitalization of residential buildings is connected with familiarity with the technical problems of passing. However, the secret of lasting is found, above all, in the propagation of aesthetics. The diagnosis of the technical condition is an initial stage of renovating historical buildings. Conclusions drawn from the diagnosis are a basis for planning revitalization works.

scholarly journals BORDER SPACE OF A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING AS AN ELEMENT OF SOCIOPSYCHOLOGICAL COMFORT OF PEOPLE: FEATURES OF FORMATION, CHARACTERISTICS, SIGNS

2021 ◽  
pp. 152-165
Author(s):  
Ivan Smadych ◽  
Viktoriya Kapelist
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Boundary ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Hierarchical Level ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Street Space ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The City ◽  
Boundary Space

In this publication, a study of the border space of the city is carried out as a conditional zone of direct contact of various social groups near multi-storey residential buildings. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign scientific works on this topic, the characteristic features of the terms socially active boundary space and the space of the courtyard are clarified, general and distinctive features of their identification on the territory are highlighted. In accordance with the analysis of scientific works on this topic, the structure of the city's border spaces has been adjusted, which includes the following levels: macrolevel of the placement of border spaces in the city; meso-level geometrical and functional characteristics of boundary spaces; micro-level of the structure of the boundary space in the context of social activity. By analyzing the world and domestic experience of designing socially active boundary spaces, the hierarchy of their structural elements is highlighted. The main types of border spaces of the city are public, private and mixed border spaces. For example, the primary elements of the formation of any boundary space are the building itself, the street space and the inner courtyard space, which can be characterized by functional and geometric indicators. In the structure of the public boundary space, the planning and volumetric-spatial structure of the house and belonging to the transit or communicative component of the street space are distinguished. In a private and mixed boundary space, the second macro-level includes the spatial division of the courtyard into a buffer, transit and communication function. The last hierarchical level of this model is the level of structural elements that provide social activity in boundary spaces. At the planning level of the building, this is an exploited roof, a developed entrance group of elements, a system of the first floors of a residential building outside the main volume. At the level of volumetric-spatial solutions, the social activity of the boundary spaces is provided by interesting solutions of facades, low or medium storeys, the arrangement of loggias and balconies. In private border spaces at this level, such elements are niches and bay windows, terraced facades, and others. This model, due to the presence of many means of increasing social activity in the border spaces of a residential building, allows one to continue research on the allocation of architectural and spatial techniques for the implementation of projects of socially active border spaces of the city.  

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