scholarly journals DESIGN FOR RESILIENT HUMAN-SYSTEM INTERACTION IN AUTONOMY: THE CASE OF A SHORE CONTROL CENTRE FOR UNMANNED SHIPS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1023-1032
Author(s):  
Erik Aleksander Veitch ◽  
Thomas Kaland ◽  
Ole Andreas Alsos
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Design ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
System Failure ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Resilience Engineering ◽  
Unexpected Events ◽  
Human System ◽  
Control Centre ◽  
Operational Phase ◽  
Human Centred Design

AbstractArtificial intelligence is transforming how we interact with vehicles. We examine the case of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS), which are emerging as a safer and more effective solution for maritime transportation. Despite the focus on autonomy, humans are predicted to have a central role in MASS operations from a Shore Control Centre (SCC). Here, operators will provide back-up control in the event of system failure. There are signification design challenges with such a system. The most critical is human-system interaction in autonomy (H-SIA). We consider humans as the source of resilience in the system for adapting to unexpected events and managing safety. We ask, can Human-Centred Design (HCD) be used to create resilient interactions between MASS and SCC? Work has been done in resilience engineering for complex systems but has not been extended to H-SIA in transportation. “Resilient interaction design” is relevant as we progress from design to operational phase. We adopted the ISO 9421-210 guideline to structure our HCD approach. The result is an SCC designed for 1 Autonomy Operator (AO). The contribution is a demonstration of how resilient interaction design may lead to safer and more effective H-SIA in transportation.

scholarly journals Human System Integration at System Limits and System Failure of Cooperatively Interacting Automobiles: Concept and First Results

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank O. Flemisch ◽  
Maximilian Schwalm ◽  
Ronald Meyer ◽  
Eugen Altendorf ◽  
Thomas Lennartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Integration ◽  
System Failure ◽  
Human System ◽  
First Results

scholarly journals Operational phase problems of prefabricated residential buildings on the example of the objects in the Lublin region

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 007-014
Author(s):  
Stanisław Fic ◽  
Maciej Szeląg ◽  
Andrzej Szewczak
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Basic Problem ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Operational Phase

Developed in Poland systems of prefabricated residential buildings provide an opportunity for an effective solution to the basic problem of the period of industrial development which was the lack of an adequate number of apartments. Unfortunately, the degree of realization of objectives due to numerous errors caused problems in the usage of made objects. The paper provides an overview of the basic causes of failures and defects in the prefabricated residential buildings, starting from the design stage, the conditions of transport, assembly of components and ending with negligence resulting from their improper use. The effects of neglect are shown in the examples of buildings from Lublin and the surrounding area as one of the most common technical problems. An analysis of the causes of the faults and their effects in the form of failure and damage of structural elements was shown.

scholarly journals Future Directions for Human-Centered Transparent Systems for Engine Room Monitoring in Shore Control Centers

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Changhun Han ◽  
Apsara Abeysiriwardhane ◽  
Shuhong Chai ◽  
Ananda Maiti
Keyword(s):  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Engine Room ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Control Centre ◽  
Presentation Methods ◽  
Autonomous Ship ◽  
Uncertainty Information ◽  
Machine Interaction

Many autonomous ship projects have reflected the increasing interest in incorporating the concept of autonomy into the maritime transportation sector. However, autonomy is not a silver bullet, as exemplified by many incidents in the past involving human and machine interaction; rather it introduces new Human Factor (HF) challenges. These challenges are especially critical for Engine Room Monitoring (ERM) in Shore Control Centre (SCCs) due to the system’s complexity and the absence of human senses in the decision-making process. A transparent system is one of the potential solutions, providing a rationale behind its suggestion. However, diverse implementations of transparency schemes have resulted in prevalent inconsistencies in its effects. This literature review paper investigates 17 transparency studies published over the last eight years to identify (a) different approaches to developing transparent systems, (b) the effects of transparency on key HFs, and (c) the effects of information presentation methods and uncertainty information. The findings suggest that the explicit presentation of information could strengthen the benefits of the transparent system and could be promising for performance improvements in ERM tasks in the SCC.

Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Multi-Aspect Interaction With Cyber Physical Systems

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Horváth ◽  
Junfeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Design ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Human System ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Comprehensive Theory ◽  
The Common ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Aspect Interaction ◽  
Open Issues

Interaction with cyber-physical systems (CPSs) is a new challenge for system developers and human-system interaction designers, and but also for end-users. Due to the lack of proper insights, there are many unknowns, open issues, and eventually new challenges. For this reason, there is a need for a comprehensive theory that considers all aspects of interaction with CPSs, provides a reasoning framework, and facilitates the implementation of highly interactive CPSs. The research presented in this paper tries to make the first steps in this direction. We are aware of the fact that, in the case of CPSs, system-human interaction and system-system interaction are to be considered besides human-system interaction. Human-system interaction influenced by: (i) the level of interaction, (ii) the intellectual domains of interaction, (iii) the contexts of interaction, and (iv) the modalities of interaction. The proposed theory decomposes these into various constituents and captures the relations among them. Physical, syntactic, semantic, semantic, pragmatic and apobetic levels of interaction are considered in combination with four domains of interaction (perceptive, cognitive, motor, and emotional). In addition to the common human interaction modalities (visual, audio, haptic, etc.), the theory also considers system communication channels. It is claimed that interaction is also influenced by the implicit context implied by the specific objectives of interaction, i.e., cooperation, coordination, collaboration of coadunation, and not only by the explicit context provided by narrower and broader embedding environments of CPSs. The theory establishes explicit relationships between the above mentioned influencing factors, which are important at specifying wishful interaction profiles. The advantages that the proposed comprehensive theory offers in comparison with the traditional interaction design approaches are shown through the example of a smart bathroom.

Human-System Interaction Design Requirements to Improve Machinery and Systems Safety

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Nickel ◽  
Peter Bärenz ◽  
Siegfried Radandt ◽  
Michael Wichtl ◽  
Urs Kaufmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Design ◽  
Human System ◽  
Design Requirements

Design Shortcomings in E-Service Enrolment Processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Porter
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
End Users ◽  
Interactive Systems ◽  
Government Service ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Human System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Human Centred Design ◽  
Related Design

Enrolment processes could make or break the success of an e-government service, and bad design decisions could build up to a cataclysmic failure in e-service take-up. This article reviews a number of public-sector and commercial services which experienced adoption issues (or successes) arising from enrolment-related design decisions. A set of design shortcomings was synthesised, drawing on literature to assess their impact on end users, as well as on the service provider. These design shortcomings, along with a set of actionable recommendations, are discussed and presented with respect to the user, the task at hand and the environment of use, thus aligning this discussion to the core pillars of ISO-9241-210 (Ergonomics of human-system interaction – Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive systems).

Sharpening the Tool of Language: Examining Anchors and AMBIGUITIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Volante ◽  
Michael Garcia ◽  
Peter A. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Significant Source ◽  
System Failure ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Likert Scales ◽  
Human System ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
Cognitive Meaning

Language, though a powerful human tool, can often be imprecise. Such underspecifications often lead to misconceptions and misrepresentations in communication. These issues arise not only in everyday speech, but can also be present in forms of psychological evaluation. Many researchers, psychologists in particular, regularly rely on qualitative measures in the form of subjective response. Methods employing Likert scales use lexical choices to denote cognitive meaning, yet much variation in what is meant by specific words remain. Here we investigated the ambiguity that is inherently involved in such communication. We documented the responses of 94 participants on the quantitative value they placed on scale anchors such as “agree”, “disagree”, strongly agree”, etc. Participants rated each of these terms on a scale from -100 to +100. Also, participants rated terms related to reasonability and doubt on a 0 to 100 point scale. Results indicated that positive valence anchors fell significantly further from the midpoint of the scale, as compared to peer, negative valence anchors. Intervals between each anchor were not consistent across the spectrum. We concluded that the imprecision of language can be a significant source of confusion and discord leading to human-system failure regardless of the reliability of the technology to hand.

Resilience Engineering

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nii Attoh-Okine
Keyword(s):  
Resilience Engineering
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