scholarly journals Distribution of Coral Reefs Stone at the Reef Flat of South Coast Putus-Putus Island East Ratatotok, Ratatotok District Southeast Minahasa Regency

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Ariyanti Halidu ◽  
Laurentius T. X. Lalamentik ◽  
Unstain N. W. J. Rembet
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Reef Flat ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Data Sheet ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Outer Reef ◽  
Reef Management ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Region Data ◽  
Underwater Camera

This research was conducted at the reef flat of south Putus-Putus Island, East Ratatotok, Ratatotok district, Southeast Minahasa Regency. This research was done no data of coral distribution available in Putus-Putus Island. This research aimed to describe the distribution of corals in Putus-Putus Island. The benefit of the study was to provide information and contribution to coral reef management efforts in the region. Data was collected using transect-quadrat methodt. There were 3 sampling points determined, the inner reef flats, the middle reef flats, and the outer reef flat. Each depth was laid five 50 m–transects, and each transect had 10 1x1-quadrats. The distance between quadrats was 5 m. Any coral found in the quadrat was recorded on a data sheet and photographed using an underwater camera. The highest percent cover was recorded at the outer reef flat, 57.32%, followed by the middle reef flat, 39.08%, and the lowest was found in the inner reef flat, 11.38%. The most coral lifeform cover in Putus-Putus Island reef flat was Coral Massive, 42.98%. General condition of coral reefs was good at the outer reef flat, moderate at the middle reef flat, and poor at the inner reef flat, respectively. Hard coral diversity index (H’) value was 0.36 at the inner reef flat, 0.56 at the middle reef flat, and 0.51 at the outer reef flat. Eveness index was 0.52 at the inner reef flats, 0.59 at the middle reef flat and 0.60 at the outer reef flat, respectively. Dominance index was 0.61 at the inner reef flat, 0.43 at the middle reef flat, and 0.45 at the outer reef flat. The distribution pattern was clustered in all sampling points. Keyword : Distribution, Coral Abstrak Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di pantai selatan Pulau Putus-Putus Desa Ratatotok Timur Kecamatan Ratatotok Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena belum ada data distribusi karang batu di rataan terumbu Pulau Putus-Putus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi karang batu di rataan terumbu Pulau Putus-Putus. Manfaat penelitian yaitu dapat menjadi sumber informasi dan mampu memberikan kontribusi bagi upaya pengelolaan terumbu karang di wilayah Ratatotok di masa yang akan datang. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode transek kuadran. Pada lokasi penelitian, ditentukan tiga titik pengambilan data, yaitu kedalaman inner reef flat, middle reef flat dan outer reef flat. Pada setiap kedalaman diletakkan 5 transek ulangan, dengan panjang 50 meter, pada setiap transek diletakkan 10 buah kuadran berukuran 1x1 meter dengan jarak antar kuadran  adalah 5 meter. Setiap karang yang ditemukan dalam kuadran dicatat pada data sheet dan mengambil gambar dengancamera underwater. Persentase tutupan karang batu tertinggi diperoleh pada kedalaman outer reef flat yaitu sebesar 57,32 % diikuti dengan middle reef flat 39,08 % dan tutupan terendah pada kedalaman inner reef flat yaitu 11,38 %. Bentuk pertumbuhan karang batu yang paling banyak menutupi rataan terumbu Pulau Putus-Putus adalah Coral massive sebesar 42,98%. Secara umum kondisi terumbu karang pada kedalaman outer reef flat dikategorikan baik, kedalaman middle reef flat dikategorikan cukup dan kedalaan inner reef flat dikategorikan rusak/buruk. Dari hasil analisis, nilai indeks keanekaragaman karang batu di tiap kedalaman sebagai berikut: kedalaman inner reef flat (H' = 0,36), kedalaman middle reef flat (H' = 0,56) dan kedalaman outer reef flat (0,51). Hasil indeks kesamarataan untuk tiap kedalaman adalah kedalaman inner reef flat (e = 0,52), kedalaman middle reef flat (e = 0,59) dan outer reef flat (e = 0,60). Nilai indeks dominasi pada kedalaman inner reef flat tergolong dalam kriteria dominasi sedang 0,61 dan kedalaman middle reef flat dan outer reef flat dominasi rendah 0,43 – 0,45. Pola distribusi karang batu pada ketiga kedalaman adalah mengelompok. 1Staf pengajar Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Sam Ratulangi

scholarly journals Community Structure And Condition Of Coral Reefs In Poopoh Village Waters, Tombariri District, Minahasa Regency

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Marselo R. Manzanaris ◽  
Ari B. Rondonuwu ◽  
Silvester B. Pratasik
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Data Sampling ◽  
Reef Management ◽  
Transect Line ◽  
Coral Reef Management ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Line Intercept

This study aims to provide information about coral reefs condition in Poopoh waters and as input For related stakeholders for future coral reef management and conservation. Data sampling employed SCUBA gear with Line Intercept Transect (LIT) at 3 M and 10 M depth. It used 30 M-transect line and each depth was laid 3 transects.Results showed that the highest number of hard coral colonies at 3 M depth was found in branching coral and the lowest in ACD, while at 10 M depth, the highest number of colonies was recorded in CMR and the lowest in ACB.  Based on percent cover, it was found that the depth of 3 M had moderate coral condition, while the depth of 10 M had poor condition. Both depths had low diversity index, high eveneness index, and low dominance index.Key words: coral reef condition,  percent cover, diversity, evenness, dominance.  ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi tentang kondisi terumbu karang di perairan Desa Poopoh sebagai masukan bagi pihak-pihak terkait untuk pengelolaan dan pelestarian terumbu karang di masa mendatang.Pengambilan data terumbu karang menggunakan alat SCUBA dengan metode LIT (Line Intercept Transek) pada kedalaman 3 M dan 10 M. Penelitian in menggunakan 30 M panjang  transek, dan masing-masing kedalaman ditempatkan 3 transek.Jumlah koloni karang batu terbanyak di kedalaman 3 meter ditemukan pada jenis karang bercabang (CB), 4,33 koloni dan jumlah koloni terendah pada ACD, sedangkan pada kedalaman 10 M, koloni terbanyak ditemukan CMR dan terendah pada ACB.  Berdasarkan persentase tutupan, ditemukan bahwa kedalaman 3 meter memiliki kondisi terumbu karang sedang, sedangkan kedalaman 10 M memiliki kondisi terumbu karang buruk. Kedua kedalaman memiliki indeks keanekaragaman (H’) rendah, indeks kemerataan tinggi, dan indeks dominasi tergolong rendah.Kata kunci: kondisi terumbu karang, persen tutupan, keragaman, pemerataan, dominasi.

scholarly journals TUTUPAN KARANG LUNAK DI PERAIRAN DESA PANDANGA KABUPATEN PULAU MOROTAI

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Kismanto Koroy ◽  
Nurafni Nurafni ◽  
Nurman Husain
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Reef Flat ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Soft Corals ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Flat Area

Terumbu karang memiliki keunikan diantara asosiasi atau komunitas lautan yang seluruhnya dibentuk oleh kegiatan biologis. Umumnya terdapat karang keras (hard coral) dan karang lunak (soft coral). Karang lunak (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) merupakan hewan anggota Colenterata yang hidup di perairan dangkal tropis dan subtropis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi karang lunak, dan menganalisis persen tutupan terumbu karang pada daerah rataan dan daerah tubir di perairan Desa Pandanga, Kabupaten Pulau Morotai. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November - Desember 2019. Pengambilan data karang menggunakan metode LIT, dengan menetapkan 4 (empat) stasiun pengamatan masing-masing stasiun yang dibagi menjadi 2 (dua) daerah yaitu pada daerah tubir dan rataan. Setiap lifeform karang yang dilewati transek di dokumentasi dalam bentuk gambar yang selanjutnya akan diidentifikasi dan menghitung persentase tutupan karang lunak. Hasil penelitian menunjukan karang lunak yang ditemukan sebanyak 7 (tujuh) genus yaitu Sinularia, Isis, Cladiella, Lobophytum, Sarcophyton, Klyxum, dan Rumphella. Hasil analisis persen tutupan tertinggi untuk semua stasiun terdapat pada genus Sinularia (20,6%) di daerah tubir, sedangkan pada daerah rataan dengan persentase tertinggi terdapat pada genus Lobophytum (8,0%).SOFT CORAL COVERAGE IN PANDANGA VILLAGE WATERS, MOROTAI ISLAND REGENCY. Coral reefs are unique among oceanic associations or communities that are entirely formed by biological activities. Generally there are hard corals and soft corals. Soft corals Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) are members of the Colenterata that live in tropical and subtropical shallow waters. The aim of this study was to identify soft corals and analyze the percent cover of coral reefs in the flat areas and slope areas in the waters of Pandanga Village, Morotai Island Regency. This research was conducted in November - December 2019. The collection of coral data using the LIT method, by determine 4 (four) observation stations of each station which are divided into 2 (two) regions that in reef flat areas and reef slope areas. Each coral lifeform crossed by a transect is in the form of an image which will then be identified and calculate the percentage of soft coral cover. The results showed that there were 7 (seven) genera of soft corals Sinularia, Isis, Cladiella, Lobophytum, Sarcophyton, Klyxum, and Rumphella. The results of the highest percent cover analysis for all stations are in the genus Sinularia (20.6%) in the flat area, in reef flat areas the highest percentage in the genus Lobophytum (8.0%).

scholarly journals Epilithic community development on artificial reefs deployed along a cross-shelf environmental gradient off Paraná state, southern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (spe1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Brandini ◽  
Ariel Scheffer da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Hydrographic Conditions ◽  
One Year ◽  
General Community

Concrete modules were deployed on the bottom of the 11, 18 and 30 meters isobaths along a cross-shelf hydrographic gradient off Paraná State, Southern Brazil, with the purpose of studying the colonization of sessile epilithic macroinvertebrates on artificial surfaces. After one year of submersion a total of 63 species of epilithic organisms were identified, dominated by Ostrea puelchana, Chthamalus bisinuatus, Balanus cf spongicola, Astrangia cf rathbuni, Didemnum spp, poryphers and bryozoans. Diversity index and percent cover at reef stations placed at 11, 18 and 30 meters isobaths were respectively 2.28 and 66.7%, 2.79 and 96.6% and 1.66 and 77.4%. Differences of general community structure among the three assemblages were not clearly related to the general environmental conditions at the bottom layers near the reef stations. Turbidity and larval abundance are discussed as important factors affecting colonization processes. Results indicate that depths between 15-20 meters are more suitable for the implementation of large scale artificial reef systems in the inner shelf off Paraná and, possibly, throughout the inner shelves off southern Brazil with similar hydrographic conditions.

scholarly journals SPATIAL COMPOSITION OF BENTHIC SUBSTRATE AROUND BONTOSUA ISLAND

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Banda Selamat ◽  
Mahatma Lanuru ◽  
Amir Hamzah Muhiddin
Keyword(s):  
Reef Flat ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
East Side ◽  
Coral Rubble ◽  
West Side ◽  
Spatial Composition ◽  
Index Ratio ◽  
Benthic Substrate

Coral reefs and seagrass are natural fortress for small islands from waves and ocean currents. The spatial distribution of these benthic substrate should be known and monitored regularly. This study aims were to map existing benthic substrates on the reef flat of Bontosua Island, determine the spatial composition and develop index ratio. Benthic substrates were surveyed using geotagging technique. Their distribution were estimate using Quickbird image that was rectified and classified using ISOcluster method and validate by 240 selected photos. The seagrass were surveyed at 8 stasions to record percent cover and species composition. Depth profiles were track along 10 reef flat line segment. Bontosua Island has an elongated shape from South to Northwest. This study had produced a benthic substrate distribution map with thematic accuracy 76%. Total area able to map were 54.2 hectares. About 43% benthic substrates at Bontosua were mixture of coral rubble, seagrass and algae, 20% was mixture of rubble and algae, 16% dominated by seagrass, 13% mixture of sand and seagrass and 8% substrate were dominated by live coral. There were eight seagrass species found with average percent cover 37.2 ± 12.5 percent. The spatial ratio of live coral, seagrass and mixed substrate for West side reef flat was 2:20:49 and 1:9:9 for East side. This indicate that the distribution of benthic substrates on the West side is much wider than on the East side. This approach potentially applied to study the relationship between benthic substrate composition and the deformation of small islands.

scholarly journals UNDULAR BORE DEVELOPMENT OVER A LABORATORY FRINGING REEF

2018 ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Tissier ◽  
Jochem Dekkers ◽  
Ad Reniers ◽  
Stuart Pearson ◽  
Ap Van Dongeren
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Wave Field ◽  
Reef Flat ◽  
Wave Transformation ◽  
Undular Bore ◽  
Fringing Reef ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Reef Type ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Infragravity Wave

Several studies have reported the development of undular bores over fringing coral reefs (e.g, Gallagher, 1976; Nwogu and Demirbilek, 2010) but the importance of this phenomenon for reef hydrodynamics has never been studied. Yet, the transformation of a long wave (e.g., swell or infragravity wave) into an undular bore leads to significant modifications of the wave field. The formation of undulations is for example associated to a significant increase of the leading bore height. Moreover, if the undulations have enough time to develop (i.e. if the reef flat is wide enough), the initial long wave will ultimately split into a series of solitons (e.g., Grue et al., 2008). All this is likely to affect wave run-up. As reeffronted coastlines are particularly vulnerable to flooding, a good understanding of long wave transformation over the reef flat, including their possible transformation into undular bores, is crucial. In this study, we investigate undular bore development over reef-type profiles based on a series of laboratory experiments. More specifically, we aim to characterize the conditions under which undular bores develop, and analyse how their development affect the hydrodynamics at the toe of the reef-lined beach and the resulting wave run-up.

scholarly journals Coral mortality induced by the 2015–2016 El-Niño in Indonesia: the effect of rapid sea level fall

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 817-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eghbert Elvan Ampou ◽  
Ofri Johan ◽  
Christophe E. Menkes ◽  
Fernando Niño ◽  
Florence Birol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Reef Flat ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Differential Mortality ◽  
Altimetry Data ◽  
Bathymetric Range ◽  
The Past ◽  
Coral Genus

Abstract. The 2015–2016 El-Niño and related ocean warming has generated significant coral bleaching and mortality worldwide. In Indonesia, the first signs of bleaching were reported in April 2016. However, this El Niño has impacted Indonesian coral reefs since 2015 through a different process than temperature-induced bleaching. In September 2015, altimetry data show that sea level was at its lowest in the past 12 years, affecting corals living in the bathymetric range exposed to unusual emersion. In March 2016, Bunaken Island (North Sulawesi) displayed up to 85 % mortality on reef flats dominated by Porites, Heliopora and Goniastrea corals with differential mortality rates by coral genus. Almost all reef flats showed evidence of mortality, representing 30 % of Bunaken reefs. For reef flat communities which were living at a depth close to the pre-El Niño mean low sea level, the fall induced substantial mortality likely by higher daily aerial exposure, at least during low tide periods. Altimetry data were used to map sea level fall throughout Indonesia, suggesting that similar mortality could be widespread for shallow reef flat communities, which accounts for a vast percent of the total extent of coral reefs in Indonesia. The altimetry historical records also suggest that such an event was not unique in the past two decades, therefore rapid sea level fall could be more important in the dynamics and resilience of Indonesian reef flat communities than previously thought. The clear link between mortality and sea level fall also calls for a refinement of the hierarchy of El Niño impacts and their consequences on coral reefs.

scholarly journals Linking Land and Sea through Collaborative Research to Inform Contemporary applications of Traditional Resource Management in Hawai‘i

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jade Delevaux ◽  
Kawika Winter ◽  
Stacy Jupiter ◽  
Mehana Blaich-Vaughan ◽  
Kostantinos Stamoulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Reef Management ◽  
Management Approaches

Across the Pacific Islands, declining natural resources have contributed to a cultural renaissance of customary ridge-to-reef management approaches. These indigenous and community conserved areas (ICCA) are initiated by local communities to protect natural resources through customary laws. To support these efforts, managers require scientific tools that track land-sea linkages and evaluate how local management scenarios affect coral reefs. We established an interdisciplinary process and modeling framework to inform ridge-to-reef management in Hawai‘i, given increasing coastal development, fishing and climate change related impacts. We applied our framework at opposite ends of the Hawaiian Archipelago, in Hā‘ena and Ka‘ūpūlehu, where local communities have implemented customary resource management approaches through government-recognized processes to perpetuate traditional food systems and cultural practices. We identified coral reefs vulnerable to groundwater-based nutrients and linked them to areas on land, where appropriate management of human-derived nutrients could prevent increases in benthic algae and promote coral recovery from bleaching. Our results demonstrate the value of interdisciplinary collaborations among researchers, managers and community members. We discuss the lessons learned from our culturally-grounded, inclusive research process and highlight critical aspects of collaboration necessary to develop tools that can inform placed-based solutions to local environmental threats and foster coral reef resilience.

scholarly journals Revealing Hidden Diversity in Menjangan Besar Island, Karimunjawa: Reef-Associated Decapods as a Proxy of Biodiversity Estimation (Mengungkap Keanekaragaman Tersembunyi di Pulau Menjangan Besar, Karimunjawa: Estimasi Biodiversitas Menggunakan Dekapoda..)

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Dian Pertiwi ◽  
Eka Maya Kurniasih ◽  
Sukron Alfi Rintiantoto ◽  
Gede Wahyu Dani Dharmawan ◽  
Teuku Rizza Mustari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Marine Habitat ◽  
Dead Coral ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

Kepulauan Indonesiamemiliki sejumlahArea Perlindungan Laut dan Taman Nasional yang merupakan tempat tinggal bagi organisme laut dengan tingkat keanekaragaman yang tinggi. Karimunjawa sebagai salah satu Taman Nasional, dikenal mempunyai keanekaragaman terumbu karang yang tinggi dan merupakan salah satu kawasan yang digunakan sebagai area studi keanekaragaman laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi keanekaragaman organisme pada habitat terumbu karang yang terdapat di kawasan pesisir Karimunjawa. Metode sampling semi-kuantitatif digunakan untuk mengestimasi keanekaragaman terumbu karang, dengan menggunakan anggota kelompok dekapoda sebagai perwakilan. Enam belas terumbu karang mati (dead coral head) dari anggota Pocillopora, di koleksi dengan ukuran yang sama pada kedalaman 10 meter di kawasan Pulau Menjangan Besar, Karimunjawa. Seluruh dekapoda yang dikumpulkan, diidentifikasi sampai tingkat famili dan menunjukkan terdapat 11 famili dari total 203 individu. Nilai statistik dari kekayaan spesies (Chao1 and ACE) menunjukkan hanya 11 famili dekapoda yang dapat ditemukan di kawasan tersebut. Hasil kurva rarefaksi menunjukkan nilai yang mencapai titik kesetimbangan setelah karang mati ke-empat belas, yang mengindikasikan bahwa penambahan koleksi sampel tidak akan mengubah estimasi keanekaragaman yang ditemukan. Index keanekaragaman Shanon-Wiener juga menunjukkan nilai keanekaragaman yang rendah dengan nilai 1.9. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar pemahaman bagi keseluruhan keanekaragaman terumbu karang yang terdapat pada suatu kawasan dan sebagai dasar pengetahuan untuk tujuan pengamatan ekosistem terumbu karang bagi perlindungan dan konservasi. Kata kunci: keanekaragaman, terumbu karang, dekapoda, Indonesia, Karimunjawa. The Indonesian archipelago, with its higher number of Marine Protected Areas (MPA) and National Parks, is a home to a high diversity of marine organisms. Karimunjawa is an Indonesian National Park that is well known for its diverse coral reefs and therefore is an important place to study marine biodiversity. In the present study, the biodiversity of reef organisms was estimated in the coastal marine habitat of Karimunjawa. A semi-quantitative sampling method was used to estimate reef biodiversity using decapod group as a representative. Sixteen similar sized dead coral heads of Pocillopora were sampled from 10 m depth at Menjangan Besar Island, Karimunjawa. All decapods were sorted and identified to the family level, yielding 11 families from total 203-collected individuals. Species richness statistics (Chao1 and ACE) suggest that only 11 families of decapods can be found in this area. Rarefaction curves approached an asymptote after sampling fourteen heads, indicated that sample addition will not alter the estimate diversity found in this location with Shanon-Wiener diversity index of 1.9 indicated low diversity. Our findings may provide a basic understanding of the overall biodiversity of a reef area and a basic knowledge in monitoring coral reefs ecosystems for protection and conservation. Keywords: biodiversity, coral reefs, decapod, Indonesia, Karimunjawa

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