Local Food Campaign in a Globalization Context: A Systematic Review

As a basic commodity, food has undergone thorough globalization, with the global food market totaling 1392 billion USD in 2019. Despite such a great amount of global food trade, the idea of favouring the consumption of local food, or local food campaigns, has won ever growing attention and advocacy in recent years as an effort to enhance social and environmental sustainability. This systematic review study draws wisdom from the extant literature and provides critical thinking on how local food differs from non-local food and whether the two are more antagonistic or more complementary. Results suggest that although the term “local food” has hardly been clearly defined, it is possible to accommodate different opinions in a set of common constructs in Eriksen’s “three domains of proximity”. Regarding the strengths of local food, researchers agree more on its strong personal connection, distinctive culture, and high quality, but less on its supporting local economy, reduced energy consumption, and environmental friendliness. Meanwhile, local food has its current weaknesses in terms of higher price and unsuccessful information communication; however, these are not without solutions. Overall, while food localization and globalization differ in purpose, they can well co-exist, promote collaboration rather than confrontation, and together accelerate the sustainable growth of the food market.

Automatic Vehicle Accident Indication and Reporting System for Road Ways Using Internet of Things

In India, transport becomes a basic commodity of daily life. As transportation starts increasing, safety has become a major concern for consumers. This paper mainly aims at reducing the fatalities caused due to accidents occurring in roadways. In general, many lives could be saved if emergency service could get accurate accident location and rescue the injured people at the minimum possible time. The Internet of Things has revlontinsed the modern world in recent times. As Global Positioning System has become an integral part of any vehicle system, this effective method is utilized to monitor the location of vehicles and send accident locations to an Accidents Monitoring and Rescue Services Centre (AMRSC) using GSM. The Accelerometer located in the vehicle system gives the live status of the vehicle position while the vehicle is in motion. Whenever an accident occurs, the signal from the accelerometer is fed to the controller. The Node MCU controller is programmed to check whether the accident has occurred and given the information to the user and AMRSC as soon as possible. Now, the system will also send the accident location acquired from the GPS along with the vehicle details through the GSM network to AMRSC. After receiving the alert message from the infected user vehicle system, the rescue team will reach the accident location as soon as possible by reading the data from the server.

Prospek Swasembada Beras di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur

Rice self-sufficiency in Indonesia remains a national priority program since rice is a staple food of the majority of the population. This national program has become an economic development agenda in almost all local governments at the provincial and district levels. East Kalimantan Province is one of the provinces that set the rice self-sufficiency on the local medium-term planning (RPJMD) 2013-2018. This research generally aimed at analyzing the prospect of rice self-sufficiency in East Kalimantan Province. Specifically, the research aimed to measure the potential for developing rice in East Kalimantan Province and to analyze the production technical efficiency of rice farming. The data used in this research were national and provincial agriculture land area and 337 units of rice farm from Agricultural Census 2013. Using LQ (Location Quotient) method indicated that economically rice was not a basic commodity of East Kalimantan Province. At the provincial level, there were only two out of four districts that had rice as a basic commodity. Stochastic production frontier analysis showed that the technical efficiency of rice production was 0.64, which indicated that rice production in the province was 36 per cent below its production frontier. Planting patterns and land status significantly improved technical efficiency. From this research can be concluded that the self-sufficiency program in East Kalimantan Province was not supported by regional potential of rice production nor by technically efficient rice production at the farm level.

White Elephants and Other Non-basic Commodities: Piero Sraffa and Krishna Bharadwaj on the Role and Significance of the Distinction between Basics and Non-basics

After the publication of Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities ( Sraffa, 1960 ), a lot of attention was devoted to ‘reswitching’, that is to the fact that a technique is cost-minimising at two disconnected ranges of the rate of profits and not so in between these ranges. We owe Krishna Bharadwaj (1970, Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Volkswirtschaft und Statistik, 106, 409–429) an important contribution to the debate by stating and proving a general result concerning the maximum number of switches between two techniques that have at least one switch point on the wage-frontier. She proved that the maximum number of switches coincides with the number of distinct commodities, without double counting, that enter directly or indirectly into at least one of the alternative methods of production. This means that if the alternative methods produce a commodity that is basic in both techniques, then non-basics in both techniques play no role in this, whereas if the alternative methods produce a non-basic commodity in at least one technique, then a role is played also by those non-basics that enter directly or indirectly into the production of at least one of the alternative methods of production. JEL Code: B12, B21, B31, B51, D24, D51

Auxiliary law enforcement actions of the creditor in obligations

We analyze some of the creditor’s law enforcement actions in obligations, which in the theory of civil law have become accepted to be called creditor obligations. We dispute the thesis that it is possible to classify as obligations those actions that help in the implementation of creditor’s subjective right and are part of the mechanism for its implementation. We provide an analysis of a number of creditor’s necessary actions, which act auxiliary to the basic action to implement the subjective right in obligation. We propose to abandon the concept of “obligation” in relation to those creditorial en-forcement actions, the failure of which entails sanctions that are not related to liability measures. We establish that in the obligation within the framework of mutual subjective rights and obligations, there are creditor actions that do not contain leading economic significance, but have an auxiliary nature, ensure the fulfillment of the main economic obligations arising in the basic commodity-money relationship. The creditor’s law enforcement actions include not only the acceptance of performance, but also other organizational actions of an actual nature, which, ultimately, are aimed at fulfilling the obligation by both parties. The non-fulfillment of the creditor's law enforcement actions does not entail direct responsibility for their non-fulfillment, only indirect possibilities of influencing the counterparty are established. The indirect means of influencing the creditor include the delay in fulfilling the obligation as a measure of operational impact.

Identifikasi Komoditas Unggulan Perikanan Laut di Kecamatan Tungkal Ilir Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat

Sea fisheries production become a serious problem for the people of Kampung Nelayan Village, Tungkal ilir District, regarding to improve their welfare. This study aims to analyze the leading commodity in marine fisheries in Tungkal Ilir District. The analytical methods used are the location quetient and shift share. The results of the location quetient analysis showed that the basic commodity of marine fisheries are mackerel, white pomfret, black pomfret, croackers, fourfinger threadfin, double spotted queenfish, mullet, eel tailed catfish, white shrimp and other shrimp. The results of shift share analysis showed that the commodities categorized as winner quadrant are croackers, fourfinger threadfin, sweet lips, daggertooth pike conger fish, grouper, fish belt, stingray, pink/yellow-white shrimp. Based on the combined analysis result, the leading commodities are croackers and fourfinger threadfin. They has ideal competitiveness also expected to be developed further and have an impact on increasing the income of fishermen.

KOMODITAS POTENSIAL TANAMAN PALAWIJA DI KABUPATEN BLORA PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

Identification of potential commodities needs to be done in the context of the economic development of a region. This research was carried out with the aim of identifying potential commodities of secondary crops in Blora District, Central Java Province. Data analysis was carried out using the Location Quotient (LQ) method. The results showed that corn was a base commodity for Randublatung, Kradenan, Sambong, Jiken, Bogorejo, Jepon, Banjarejo, and Tunjungan Subdistricts and Blora City. Soybean is a base commodity for Jati, Kedungtuban, Japah and Kunduran Subdistricts. Peanuts are the base commodity for Kedungtuban, Cepu, Japah and Todanan Subdistricts. Mung beans are a basic commodity for Jati, Cepu, Sambong, Japah, Ngawen and Kunduran Subdistricts. Sweet potato is a base commodity for Kradenan, Sambong, Tunjungan and Ngawen Subdistricts, and Blora City. Cassava is a commodity base for the Kradenan, Sambong, Jiken, Banjarejo, Japah and Ngawen Districts

RESEARCH OF QUALITY AND COMPETITIVENESS OF TOMATO JUICES

The paper considers the results of the complex quality estimation and competitiveness determination of tomato juices of different producers, exported in European countries. The complex estimation of tomato juices quality was realized according to the results of studying organoleptic (color, taste, smell, consistence) and physical-chemical (content of dry substances, β-carotene, flesh, mass share of titrated acids) parameters of 4 samples. According to the results of the complex qualimetric estimation, the highest value of the integral quality parameter was reached by tomato juice of ТМ «Galiciа» (Ukraine) (0,86). The lowest value of this parameter was established for experimental samples of tomato juices of ТМ «Rich» (Ukraine) (0,65) and ТМ «Sandora» (Ukraine) (0,61). The lower value of the integral quality parameter was inherent to juice of TM «Sadochok» (Ukraine) (0,40), explained, first of all, by insufficiently saturated and homogenous red color with inclusions, watery and liquid consistence, content of side admixtures, signs of stratification. The competitiveness of tomato juices was estimated, taking into account functional, esthetical and economic quality parameters. The basic commodity was determined as tomato juice of ТМ «Galiciа» by the results of the complex quality estimation. According to the obtained results, tomato juice of ТМ «Rich» was found competitive by the ratio of functional, esthetical and economic parameters (1,19) that is conditioned by high esthetical and functional indices and also moderate price of realization. The relatively high (but less one unit) competitiveness level was inherent to juice of ТМ «Sandora» (0,97) by the expanse of a high realization price at rather high esthetical and functional indices. It has been determined, that juice of ТМ «Sadochok» is least competitive because of worst esthetical indices, despite a low realization price. Thus, the main factor that influences the competitiveness of juices is a “price-quality” ratio. The obtained research results of the tomato juices quality and the used methodology of their competitiveness estimation may be useful for retail representatives (categorical managers) for the effective realization of products under conditions of competitiveness.

International trade: Research of the reasons for the fall

The article assesses the impact of various factors on the growth rate of international trade. Many experts interpreted the cross-border flows of goods decline against the backdrop of a growing global economy as an alarming sign that indicates a slowdown in the processes of globalization. To determine the reasons for the dynamics of international trade, the decompositions of its growth rate were carried out and allowed to single out the effect of the dollar exchange rate, the commodities prices and global value chains on the change in the volume of trade. As a result, it was discovered that the most part of the dynamics of international trade is due to fluctuations in the exchange rate of the dollar and prices for basic commodity groups. The negative contribution of trade within global value chains in 2014 was also revealed. During the investigated period (2000—2014), such a picture was observed only in the crisis periods, which may indicate the beginning of structural changes in the world trade.

MONETARY POLICY IN SMALL OPEN ECONOMY

Money and stabilization are the central problems of macroeconomics and macroeconomic policy today. Since the Great Depression money policy has been getting significant meaning. Dirigible money is created in the true sense of the word, i.e. money that is fully subordinated to the purposes of the national economic policy.By leaving the automatism of the golden rule regarding the mechanism of the monetary regulation, not just inside the economy but also in the external economy, it led to taking over the responsibility of the state for the development of internal monetary situation and a system of international payment relations, i. e. external liquidity of the economy. The state takes over directly (with the Central bank) the responsibility for the monetary credit policy in general, for the regulation of money supply, and also for the regulation of the basic commodity-money relations inside the economy, the stability of the economy, prices and the exchange rate. Is monetary policy able to substantially support development, especially in small open economy? Yes. Adequate liquidity with relative price stability, credible monetary institutions and a high degree of confidence in the domestic currency and financial institutions and markets are one of the pillars of sustainable economic development. Small open economies are still far from these standards and still much can be improved.