International trade: Research of the reasons for the fall

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Nazarov ◽  
S. S. Lazaryan ◽  
I. V. Nikonov ◽  
A. I. Votinov

The article assesses the impact of various factors on the growth rate of international trade. Many experts interpreted the cross-border flows of goods decline against the backdrop of a growing global economy as an alarming sign that indicates a slowdown in the processes of globalization. To determine the reasons for the dynamics of international trade, the decompositions of its growth rate were carried out and allowed to single out the effect of the dollar exchange rate, the commodities prices and global value chains on the change in the volume of trade. As a result, it was discovered that the most part of the dynamics of international trade is due to fluctuations in the exchange rate of the dollar and prices for basic commodity groups. The negative contribution of trade within global value chains in 2014 was also revealed. During the investigated period (2000—2014), such a picture was observed only in the crisis periods, which may indicate the beginning of structural changes in the world trade.

Author(s):  
O. Vikulova ◽  
D. Gornostaeva

Based on the latest foreign sources, the article examines the impact of Artifi cial Intelligence and related robotics and automatization on the global economy, international trade, global value chains, the motivation and activities of companies, especially TNCs, the activities of the WTO, as well as the social consequences of these processes.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Rasulov Tulkin Sattarovich ◽  
Khushvaktov Kuvonchbek Ravshanovich

In today’s world of swiftly increasing global economy and continuously changing international trade laws and technology exchange rate plays a pivotal role in the production, price formation, export and import of agricultural products. For many years exchange rate as an integral part of agricultural economics has been ignored. The present study was intended to investigate exchange rate as an impacting factor on the agricultural production. It also considers the researches that have been carried about the impact of the exchange rate on prices and export of agricultural products, theirs analyses and how much impact it has in the situation of Uzbekistan.


Author(s):  
В.В. Перская ◽  
Л.И. Хомякова

Глобальные цепочки стоимости (ГЦС) стали результатом развития вертикальной кооперации, основными инициаторами которых являются международные, транснациональные компании (ТНК). Именно ТНК стали движущей силой развития экономической глобализации. В современных условиях пандемия стала поворотным моментом, оказавшим значительное влияние на ГЦС и, следовательно, на экономическую глобализацию. 90% мирового товарооборота по данным ЮНКТАД находятся под ограничения из-за пандемии. Закрытие границ странами потребовало от национальных хозяйств рассмотреть возможность восстановления внутреннего поступательного развития исходя из реально сложившихся условий. Вопрос формирования национальных источников развития внутри стран и перестраивания географии формирования ГЦС (преимущественно в рамках одного региона, сокращая плечи транспортировки продукта) стал практически для всех стран достаточно актуальным. Поскольку основным видом кооперационного взаимодействия в рамках ГЦС была вертикальная кооперация, то переформатирование географии формирования ГЦС, вполне ожидаемо, приведет к более активному использованию преимуществ горизонтальной кооперации между хозяйствующими субъектами разных территориально приближенных стран. Одновременно воздействие пандемии на экономическую глобализацию в целом обусловливает усиление межгосударственного согласованного регулирования, в т.ч. регионального масштаба. Симптоматично, что в современных условиях правила ВТО игнорируются достаточно большим количеством стран, что сопровождается политикой протекционизма и санкций, практически не легитимной с точки зрения международного права. Подписание Всеобъемлющего регионального экономического партнерства в ноябре с.г. странами АСЕАН представляет собой свидетельство регионализации в международном взаимодействии, обозначает развитие тренда формирования согласованного участниками регионального правового поля для развития экономического сотрудничества, включая вопросы регулирования электронной торговли, конкурентной политики, защиты интеллектуальной собственности и других актуальных вопросов, ранее не фигурировавших в имеющихся соглашениях, опираясь при этом на основные правовые нормы ВТО. На основании изложенного авторы приходят к выводу, что собственно экономическая регионализация, в т.ч. трансформирования процесса формирования ГЦС в направлении повышения удельного веса их региональной компоненты, являются имманентными чертами трансформирования мировой экономики в условиях реального полицентризма. Global value chains (GVC) are the result of the development of vertical cooperation, the main initiators of which are international, transnational companies (TNCs). It is TNCs that have become the driving force behind the development of economic globalization. In today's context, the pandemic has become a turning point that has had a significant impact on GVCs and therefore on economic globalization. 90% of world trade, according to UNCTAD, are under restrictions due to the pandemic. The closure of borders by countries demanded that national economies consider the possibility of restoring their internal progressive development based on the actual conditions. The issue of the formation of national sources of development within countries and the restructuring of the geography of the formation of GVCs (mainly within one region, reducing the shoulders of product transportation) has become quite relevant for almost all countries. Since the main type of cooperative interaction within the GVC was vertical cooperation, reformatting the geography of the formation of GVCs, quite expectedly, will lead to more active use of the advantages of horizontal cooperation between economic entities of different geographically close countries. At the same time, the impact of the pandemic on economic globalization as a whole determines the strengthening of interstate coordinated regulation, incl. regional scale. It is symptomatic that in modern conditions the WTO rules are ignored by a sufficiently large number of countries, which is accompanied by a policy of protectionism and sanctions, which is practically illegitimate from the point of view of international law. The signing of the Comprehensive Regional Economic Partnership in November this year ASEAN countries is evidence of regionalization in international interaction, denotes the development of a trend in the formation of a regional legal framework agreed by the participants for the development of economic cooperation, including issues of regulation of electronic commerce, competition policy, protection of intellectual property and other topical issues that have not previously appeared in existing agreements, relying on this on the basic legal norms of the WTO. Based on the above, the authors come to the conclusion that the actual economic regionalization, incl. transformation of the process of GVC formation in the direction of increasing the share of their regional component are immanent features of the transformation of the world economy in the context of real polycentrism.


Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Chenlu Tao ◽  
Gang Diao ◽  
Baodong Cheng

China’s wood industry is vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic since wood raw materials and sales of products are dependent on the international market. This study seeks to explore the speed of log price recovery under different control measures, and to perhaps find a better way to respond to the pandemic. With the daily data, we utilized the time-varying parameter autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model, which can incorporate structural changes in emergencies into the model through time-varying parameters, to estimate the dynamic impact of the pandemic on log prices at different time points. We found that the impact of the pandemic on oil prices and Renminbi exchange rate is synchronized with the severity of the pandemic, and the ascending in the exchange rate would lead to an increase in log prices, while oil prices would not. Moreover, the impulse response in June converged faster than in February 2020. Thus, partial quarantine is effective. However, the pandemic’s impact on log prices is not consistent with changes of the pandemic. After the pandemic eased in June 2020, the impact of the pandemic on log prices remained increasing. This means that the COVID-19 pandemic has long-term influences on the wood industry, and the work resumption was not smooth, thus the imbalance between supply and demand should be resolved as soon as possible. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the development of the domestic wood market and realize a “dual circulation” strategy as the pandemic becomes a “new normal”.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ettore Dorrucci ◽  
Vanessa Gunnella ◽  
Alexander Al-Haschimi ◽  
Konstantins Benkovskis ◽  
Francesco Chiacchio ◽  
...  

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