scholarly journals COMPARISON OF PROPERTIES OF CELLULOSE NANOMATERIALS OBTAINED FROM SUNFLOWER STALKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 755-770
Author(s):  
EKREM DURMAZ ◽  
SAIM ATES
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Bonds ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Grinding Method ◽  
Sunflower Stalks ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Cellulose Nanomaterials

This study aimed to investigate the usability of sunflower stalks, which is one of the most significant agricultural residues in Turkey, in the production of cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs). Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were produced by using a grinding method and acid hydrolysis, respectively. The average width and length of CNCs were found as 13.91 ± 3.09 nm and 60.44 ± 21.06 nm, respectively. Besides, the average width of CNFs was determined as 15.03 ± 3.68 nm. The crystallinity index of CNFs and CNCs was determined as 82.64% and 83.09%, respectively. Although the main thermal degradation stage of CNCs started at higher temperature than that of CNFs, the latter were more stable than CNCs at high temperatures. Furthermore, the chemical bonds in the raw material, bleached fiber, CNCs and CNFs were investigated with FTIR analysis. Consequently, it was seen that sunflower stalks can be a suitable raw material for the production of CNMs.

Facile preparation of nanofiller-paper using mixed office paper without deinking

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
QIANQIAN WANG ◽  
J.Y. ZHU
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mechanical Grinding ◽  
Microscope Imaging ◽  
Facile Preparation ◽  
Electron Microscope Imaging ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Office Paper

Mixed office paper (MOP) pulp without deinking with an ash content of 18.1 ± 1.5% was used as raw material to produce nanofiller-paper. The MOP pulp with filler was mechanically fibrillated using a laboratory stone grinder. Scanning electron microscope imaging revealed that the ground filler particles were wrapped by cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), which substantially improved the incorporation of filler into the CNF matrix. Sheets made of this CNF matrix were densified due to improved bonding. Specific tensile strength and modulus of the nanofiller-paper with 60-min grinding reached 48.4 kN·m/kg and 8.1 MN·m/kg, respectively, approximately 250% and 200% of the respective values of the paper made of unground MOP pulp. Mechanical grinding duration did not affect the thermal stability of the nanofiller-paper.

Fundamental Characterisation of Dredged Marine Sediments from Kuala Perlis Jetty by XRF, XRD and FTIR

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhashimah Ramli ◽  
Mohammad Hafizuddin Haji Jumali ◽  
Wan Safizah Wan Salim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
The Us ◽  
Dredged Marine Sediment ◽  
Primary Mineral ◽  
Us Epa

Dredging along Kuala Perlis Jetty results in huge amount of marine sediments which has thrown considerable challenge for disposal. This research was conducted to characterize dredged marine sediment which was collected at Kuala Perlis Jetty as potential raw material for brick production. Three different characterizations were performed namely XRF, XRD and FTIR. XRF analysis showed the presence of SiO2 and Al2O3 as major quantities. Low concentration of heavy metals namely As, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn presence in the sediment comply the US EPA guideline for brick production. XRD analysis indicated the presence of quartz as primary mineral while kaolinite and illite also present as secondary and ternary phases. FTIR analysis identified various form of minerals presence in the samples which strongly supported XRD results.

Synthesis and Characterization of Supercapacitor Electrode from Fiber of Borassus flabelifer L by Activation Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 966 ◽  
pp. 444-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fandi Angga Prasetya ◽  
Ufafa Anggarini ◽  
Yudha Zakaria ◽  
Rosa Dwi Sasqia Putri
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Supercapacitor Electrode ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Constant Heating

Supercapacitor require electrode which has high surface area so that it able to store large amounts of charge. In this study, electrode was synthesized from carbon of Borassus Flabellifer L fiber which was carried out through activation and carbonization processes. Raw material was calcined at 400°C for 4 hours followed by activation with NaOH 1 M. The carbonization was then conducted in Nitrogen gas flowing by temperature variations; 650°C, 750°C, and 850°C with a constant heating rate of 20 °C/min. Based on XRD data, it was shown that the material has formed Reduced graphene Oxide (RGO) which has main peaks at (2θ) 240 and 440 with higher purity in higher temperature. SEM results clarified more pores formation at higher temperature which is mesoporous. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) test was done to determine the capacitance value. By RGO forming with high porosity, it is suitable for supercapacitor electrode application and CV test has examined that heating of Borassus Flabelifer L fiber at 850°C with 5 mV/s scan rate has the highest specific capacitance by 8.25 F/gram with Energy density is 4.125 watt/gram.

Experimental Investigation of Surface Modified Abaca Fibre

2020 ◽  
Vol 978 ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnivesh Kumar Sinha ◽  
Harendra Kumar Narang ◽  
Somnath Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Modified

Natural fibres have gained popularity due to their use in fabrication of biodegradable polymer composites which are not only non-polluting but are also light weight and inexpensive. Abaca fibres are known for their remarkable properties for which their polymer composites are used in automotive applications. However, hydrophilicity and compatibility with polymer matrices are the two major drawbacks of natural fibres which restrict their use as reinforcements in polymer composites. Therefore, present study deals with the surface modifications of abaca fibre using potassium permanganate and sodium hydroxide solutions to enhance crystallinity and reduce hydrophilicity of abaca fibres. Further, the surfaces of untreated and treated fibre were investigated with the help of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Surface treatment of abaca fibre led to the removal of unwanted wax, and other amorphous materials which was confirmed through FTIR analysis. Crystallinity index was found to be 57%, 59% and 61% for untreated, NaOH treated and KMnO4 treated abaca fibre respectively.

The Adsorption of Zn2+ onto Chitosan-Aluminum Oxide Composite Material

2014 ◽  
Vol 1056 ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Xue Jun Ren ◽  
Qing Gang Gao ◽  
Ming Gao
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Bonds ◽  
Adsorption Time ◽  
Oxide Composite ◽  
Adsorption Performance ◽  
Adsorption Temperature ◽  
Oxide Composite Material ◽  
Temperature Time

Chitosan-aluminum oxide composite material was synthesized through chemical bonds with chitosan and isopropanol aluminum as raw material, whose structure was characterized by IR, TG. The influence of reaction conditions on adsorption performance were studied, such as temperature, time. Results show that in the composite materials, chemical bonds were existed between aluminum and chitosan, inorganic aluminum oxide evenly dispersed in the surface of chitosan molecular, the thermal stability of the composites is improved significantly. Chitosan-aluminum oxide composite material has good adsorption performance of Zn2+ in solution. The adsorption quantity of Zn2+ increases with the increasing of the adsorption temperature and the adsorption time, and the best adsorption time is 7.0h.

LUMINESCENT SILICON NANOSTRUCTURES VIA TIN OXIDE DOPING

NANO ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350008 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. RANI ◽  
V. P. MAHADEVAN PILLAI ◽  
G. ANOOP ◽  
MEERA GOPAL ◽  
V. GANESAN
Keyword(s):  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Raman Band ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Localized States ◽  
Bandgap Energy ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Doping Effects ◽  
Oxide Concentration ◽  
Extended States ◽  
Higher Temperature

Tin oxide ( SnO2 )-doped Si nanorings of diameter in the range of 100 nm to 170 nm with an average width of 25 nm are synthesized by off-axis laser ablation (PLD) and are characterized by different techniques. The AFM observations show that the surface morphological features of films depend on the tin oxide concentration. The bandgap energies of undoped quantum dots are found to be 2.29 eV, while it decreases to 2.15 eV and 1.5 eV for 3 wt.% and 0.1 wt.% SnO2 -doped samples, respectively. The increase in the value of bandgap energy can be attributed to size reduction of particles. The Raman spectra of SnO2 -doped films are characterized by a broad Raman band with intensity maximum around 478 cm-1. Raman spectrum shows frequency shift which may be due to changes in the Si – O bond length or Si – O – Si bond angle. The activation energy at higher temperature is found to be 16.99 meV for 3 SnSi 209, 21 meV for 0.1 SnSi 209 and 18.1 meV for undoped silicon which shows that defect levels are present in all the samples, the conduction is due to the presence of holes. The synthesized films exhibit PL peak in the visible region. The PL emission peak and PL intensity depend on dopants and it is concluded that luminescence does not originate from localized states in gap but from extended states. The size and shape of nanostructures depend on the SnO2 concentration and the doping effects can be used as a significant guideline for tuning the electronic and optical properties of Si .

Microwave-Driven Sugar Beet Pulp Liquefaction in Polyhydric Alcohols

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Qi Zheng ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Li‐jun Wang ◽  
Benu Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Heating Source ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Liquefaction Process

Abstract Liquefaction of sugar beet pulp (SBP) was carried out using microwave irradiation as the heating source, ethylene glycol/glycerol at a ratio of 80/20 (w/w) as the liquefaction solvent and sulfuric acid as the catalyst at 160 °C. The effects of different liquefaction conditions, including two particle size ranges of SBP, liquefying solvent-to-SBP solids (LS/S) ratio and reaction time on the liquefaction yield, viscosity of the liquefaction products, chemical characteristics and morphology of residues were studied using viscometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The efficiency of liquefaction of SBP was found to depend on its particle size of SBP raw material and the LS/S ratio. The smaller SBP particles improved liquefaction efficiency and reduced the amount of solvent required. The crystallinity index of liquefaction residues indicated that crystalline cellulose was no longer the rate limiting factor of liquefaction process when the particle size of SBP was small (75–177 μm). A rugged and deformed surface of the liquefaction residue (observed through SEM) indicated that severe damage in the native fiber structure occurred during the liquefaction.

Effect of Dyeing and Finishing Process on Anti-Ultraviolet Properties of PA6 Knitted Fabric

2013 ◽  
Vol 785-786 ◽  
pp. 651-655
Author(s):  
Wen Qin Du ◽  
Xiao Liang liu ◽  
Xin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Concentration Increase ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Finishing Process ◽  
Higher Temperature

This experiment used PA6 anti-ultraviolet properties fabric which specifications were adding a content of 0.3% nanomaterial 70D/24F SD DTY and adding a content of 0.7% nanomaterial 70D/48F SD DTY as raw material. After weaving, we analysis the influence on dye concentration and postboarding process for anti-ultraviolet properties of PA6 knitted fabrics. The result shows that the more dye concentration increase, the better anti-ultraviolet properties of fabric raise and the higher temperature or the slower speed of the postboarding, the faster anti-ultraviolet properties of fabric decline.

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling of drying passion fruit peel and influence of temperature on color, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Fortini Spoladore ◽  
Camila Andressa Bissaro ◽  
Tatiane Francielli Vieira ◽  
Marcos Vieira da Silva ◽  
Charles Windson Isidoro Haminiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Higher Temperature

<p><em>The passion fruit peel is a byproduct from juice industry and when it is not discarded or used as fertilizer or feed, can serve as raw material for industry pectin or other&nbsp; functional ingredients, due to its high fiber content and minerals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of drying temperature on the characteristics of color, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of passion fruit peel. We also analyzed the ability of some mathematical models in representing the drying. The product reached constant humidity at 240 minutes for drying at 90 &deg;C, 300 minutes to 80 &ordm;C, 390 minutes to 70 &ordm;C and 360 minutes to 60&nbsp;&ordm;C. The Page model was the best to represent the process at all temperatures studied (R<sup>2</sup> from 0.982 to 0.998). Significant color variations were observed during the trial at different temperatures. The total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity identified in fresh samples also showed variations in their levels at the end of the drying process. A decrease in antioxidant capacity occurred and an increasing in the phenolic compounds with higher temperature.</em></p><p>DOI: 10.14685/rebrapa.v5i2.163</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><em><br /></em></p>

scholarly journals Paper Waste Recycling. Circular Economy Aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zanda U. Ozola ◽  
Rudite Vesere ◽  
Silvija N. Kalnins ◽  
Dagnija Blumberga
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Multicriteria Analysis ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Paper Waste ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibres ◽  
Cellulose Nanomaterials

Abstract Paper waste is a raw material for a lot of products with different added value. The engineering, economic and environmental aspects of paper waste recycling are analysed for production of composite material, cellulose nanofibers and nanocrystals, bricks with paper components, porous carbon, film of biopolymer, enzymatic sugar and bioenergy: bioethanol, hydrogen and biofuel. Through multicriteria analysis, it was possible to determine the most feasible paper waste recycling product in case of four product groups: egg packaging boxes, cardboard, reused paper, cellulose nanomaterials (nanofibers and nanocrystals). The production of cellulose nanofibres and cellulose nanocrystals has an advantage over egg packaging and cardboard production as well as reusable paper.

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