scholarly journals ISOLATION OF CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA FROM SOIL AND VALORIZATION OF DIFFERENT LIGNOCELLULOSIC WASTES FOR CELLULASE PRODUCTION BY SUBMERGED FERMENTATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 821-828
Author(s):  
MISBAH GHAZANFAR ◽  
MUHAMMAD IRFAN ◽  
MUHAMMAD NADEEM ◽  
HAFIZ ABDULLAH SHAKIR ◽  
MUHAMMAD KHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Submerged Fermentation ◽  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Eucalyptus Leaves ◽  
Lignocellulosic Wastes ◽  
Bacillus Flexus

Cellulases are known to convert cellulose into monomeric or dimeric structures, hence playing an important role in bioethanol production, along with their applications in textile and paper industries. This study was directed towards the isolation and screening of cellulase producing bacteria from different soil samples on CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) agar plates, followed by Gram’s iodine staining. Six strains showed clear zones of hydrolysis on CMC agar plates. Isolates were identified as Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Bacillus aerius, Bacillus paralichniformis, Bacillus flexus, and Bacillus wiedmanni by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These strains were cultivated by submerged fermentation for cellulase production using various lignocellulosic wastes, such as corn cob, rice husk, wheat straw, seed pods of Bombax ceiba and eucalyptus leaves. Results showed that Pseudomonas stutzeri is the best cellulase producer among these strains. It offered the highest cellulase activity of 170.9±4.1 (IU/mL/min) in media containing eucalyptus leaves after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C, followed by Bacillus paralichniformis, Bacillus wiedmanni, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus aerius and Bacillus megaterium. These bacterial strains and lignocellulosic wastes could be potentially used for industrial exploitation, particularly in biofuels and textiles.

scholarly journals Isolation, Screening, and Identification of Cellulolytic Bacteria from Natural Reserves in the Subtropical Region of China and Optimization of Cellulase Production byPaenibacillus terraeME27-1

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Ling Liang ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Yuan Wu ◽  
Jia-Xun Feng
Keyword(s):  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Subtropical Region ◽  
Cmcase Activity ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Screening And Identification ◽  
Natural Reserves

From different natural reserves in the subtropical region of China, a total of 245 aerobic bacterial strains were isolated on agar plates containing sugarcane bagasse pulp as the sole carbon source. Of the 245 strains, 22 showed hydrolyzing zones on agar plates containing carboxymethyl cellulose after Congo-red staining. Molecular identification showed that the 22 strains belonged to 10 different genera, with theBurkholderiagenus exhibiting the highest strain diversity and accounting for 36.36% of all the 22 strains. Three isolates among the 22 strains showed higher carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity, and isolate ME27-1 exhibited the highest CMCase activity in liquid culture. The strain ME27-1 was identified asPaenibacillus terraeon the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as well as physiological and biochemical properties. The optimum pH and temperature for CMCase activity produced by the strain ME27-1 were 5.5 and 50°C, respectively, and the enzyme was stable at a wide pH range of 5.0–9.5. A 12-fold improvement in the CMCase activity (2.08 U/mL) of ME27-1 was obtained under optimal conditions for CMCase production. Thus, this study provided further information about the diversity of cellulose-degrading bacteria in the subtropical region of China and foundP. terraeME27-1 to be highly cellulolytic.

scholarly journals Identification of SGS 1609 Cellulolytic Bacteria Isolated from Sargassum spec. and Characterization of The Cellulase Produced

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Yusro Nuri Fawzya ◽  
Stenny Putri ◽  
Nita Noriko ◽  
Gintung Patantis
Keyword(s):  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Analysis ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Ultra Filtration ◽  
Na Ions ◽  
Optimum Production

Bacterial isolate from seaweed designated as SGS 1609 was previously found to be able to produce cellulase represented by formation of clear zone on solid medium containing carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). This research was conducted to identify the isolate and determine optimum production time as well as characterize the cellulase produced. The isolate was identified using  16s-rRNA gene analysis. Cellulase production was conducted by cultivating the isolate in the liquid medium containing CMC followed by centrifuging to get supernatant as the crude enzyme. The enzyme was then concentrated using ammonium sulfate precipitation and ultra filtration. The concentrated enzyme having higher activity produced from the concentration process was then characterized  to determine its optimum pH and temperature, heat stabilization, metal ions effect and substrate specificity. The result showed that the SGS 1609 isolate was identified as Serratia marcescens with 99%  similarity. The isolate produced cellulase optimally at 4 days incubation. Ultra filtration produced higher enzyme activity compared to NH4-sulfate precipitation. The enzyme concentrated by ultra filtration worked optimally at the  pH of 7, temperature of 50 oC, stable at the temperature of 60 oC for 240 minutes and was increased its activity by Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. On the other hand, the enzyme was inhibited by Fe3+, Zn2+ and Na+ ions, but was not relatively affected by K+ and EDTA. The use of conventional agar producer waste  treated with 6% NaOH gave highest activity compared to other substrates.

scholarly journals Characterization of Biosurfactant From Pseudomonas Stutzeri SJ3 for Remediation of Crude Oil-Contaminated Soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sekar Harikrishnan ◽  
Singaram Jayalakshmi ◽  
Mohamad S. Alsalhi ◽  
Alager Kartick ◽  
Sandhanasamy Devanesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Biosurfactant Production ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Emulsification Index ◽  
Work Production ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Abstract In the present work, production of biosurfactant was studied from the bacterial strains isolated from the soil samples collected from oil contaminated sites in Karaikal ONGC, Puducherry, India. Six morphologically different hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial strains (SJ1-SJ6) isolated on oil agar plates were further screened for biosurfactant production. Based on the screening methods results of 26 mm oil displacement zone, positive results of drop collapse test, 68.14% emulsification index (E24) and 79.2% of bacterial adherence percentage, the isolate SJ3 was selected as the most potent strain and it was identified as P. stutzeri using standard biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based methods. Optimization of the P. stutzeri strain showed 36 h incubation, 150 rpm agitation, pH 7.5, 37oC, 1% salinity, 2% glucose as carbon source and 1% yeast extract as nitrogen source were the ideal conditions for growth and the biosurfactant production was found to be growth dependent. The crude biosurfactant showed broad range of antibacterial activity against the bacterial pathogens tested. The P. stutzeri isolated from oil spill site showed biosurfactant with antibacterial activities.

scholarly journals Screening and identification of thermophilic cellulolytic bacteria isolated from sawdust compost

2021 ◽  
pp. 348-357
Author(s):  
D. T. H. Phuong ◽  
D. T. Tuyen ◽  
L. V. Thang
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Commercial Enzymes ◽  
Screening And Identification ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Composting process mainly depends on the metabolic pathways of the microorganism and involves the activity of different enzymes. Thermophilic cellulase-producing bacteria isolated from sawdust compost were tested for formation of a visible zone around the colonies on the agar plates medium containing carboxymethyl cellulose at 50ºC. Screening of carboxymethyl cellulase producing isolates was further realized on the basis in liquid medium by DNS method. Among 29 isolates investigated, V1 and V11 strains exhibited maximum enzyme activity of 1.9 and 2.3 U/mL, respectively. These isolates were selected for morphological, physiological and biochemical studies and 16S rRNA gene analysis. They were found a Gram-positive, rod-shaped spore forming cells, which were identified as Bacillus megaterium (V1) and Bacillus subtilis (V11) based on cell morphology, nucleotide homology and phylogenetic analysis. The optimal temperature for activity of endoglucanases (CMCase) ranged from 35–45°C (strain V1) and 40– 50ºC (strain V11). Our findings showed that Bacillus megaterium (V1) and Bacillus subtilis (V11) cellulase demonstrate thermophilic characteristics within wide range of temperature and meets the requirements for commercial enzymes. 

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF KERATINOLYTIC BACTERIA Pseudomonas stutzeri C3 ISOLATED FROM POULTRY WASTE SOIL SAMPLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Siddharthan Nagarajan ◽  
Raja prabu Masilamni ◽  
Poongothai Eswaran ◽  
Kalaivani Govindaraj ◽  
Balagurunathan Ramasamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Feather Degradation ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Ph Range

Microbial degradation of keratinous wastes is preferred over physicochemical methods, because it’s a cost effective and eco-friendly. Novel habitats are promising for discovery of new microbial strains. Towards isolate a keratinolytic bacteria, screening of bacterial strains from a poultry farm soil in Namakal district, Tamil Nadu, India was done and a promising the isolate C3 was found to degrade native chicken feather efficiently. It could grow over a pH range 7 at 40°C and in presence of potassium nitrate as a nitrogen source and citrate as a carbon source. Based on phenotypic characterization and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the keratinolytic isolate was identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri C3. It produced 30.86±1.08 U/ml keratinase in raw feather medium and complete feather degradation at 5 days incubation periods.  

PRODUCTION OF POLY(3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE) FROM RAW CASSAVA STARCH BY Bacillus megaterium D8

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Thuoc Doan Van ◽  
Loan Tran Thi ◽  
Hoa Pham Thi Hong
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
High Cell ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Culture Mode

Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) from raw cassava starch as the carbon source by bacteria was investigated in this study. About 300 bacterial colonies were isolated from soil samples. Among them, sixteen bacterial strains were found to produce PHA from cassava starch. Strain D8 produced the highest poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) content of 69.8 wt% was selected for further studies. Strain D8 was classified under the Bacillus megaterium group based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. High cell dry weight (CDW) of 6.5 g\L and poly(3- hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) content of 66.2 wt% were obtained by strain D8 after 21 h of cultivation in a bioreactor using batch culture mode. In this study, Bacillus megaterium D8 exhibited high promise for reducing the production cost of PHB.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of potential compost degrading bacteria from agro-waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Saldatul As Wani Mohd Khalif ◽  
Nurul Zahidah Nordin ◽  
Nadiawati Alias
Keyword(s):  
Skim Milk ◽  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Industrial Waste Management ◽  
Global Economic Growth

Agricultural industry plays a significant role in the global economic growth. It is estimated more than 15% of total waste in Asia are contributed by agro waste. Bacteria is known as one of the useful organisms actively found to surround the waste industry. They are considered as chemical decomposers and act as driving agent of composting that changes the chemistry of organic waste to simple compounds. Thus, this study was conducted to isolate and identify potential compostdegrading bacteria from agriculture waste at several sampling areas in Besut district, Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 49 bacteria strains were isolated using Tryptic Soya Agar (TSA) from seven groups of raw agro wastes (paddy husk, paddy straw, paddy soil, rock melon waste, rock melon soil, corn waste, and corn soil). Primary screening for potential enzyme production was carried out using selective media containing different substrates (sucrose, xylan, starch, skim milk, and pectin). Only 13 bacterial strains were found positive for protease, nine bacteria strains positive for xylanase, and three bacteria strains were found positive for amylase. Identification of bacteria strains were performed using phenotypic, biochemical tests, and genotypic approaches by 16S rRNA gene sequence. Based on NCBI BLAST analysis, we have identified several bacteria strains: Bacillus cereus (strain B), Alcaligenes faecalis (strain C), Micrococcus sp. (strain D), Pseudomonas stutzeri (strain E), Enterobacter cloacae (strain G), and Serratia marcescens (strain J). Strain F and strain H were identified under distinct family of Enterobacteriaceae, while strain I was identified from Pseudomonadeles order which might represent a new type of proteobacteria strain. These potential waste degrading bacteria could be further analyzed and studies for their true potential in many areas including agriculture and industrial waste management as an approach to reduce waste accumulation in eco-friendly way.

Biosynthesis of L-lysine by Bacillus megaterium through submerged fermentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad Hussain ◽  
Hamid Mukhtar ◽  
Ikram Ul Haq
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Submerged Fermentation

scholarly journals Campylobacter insulaenigrae bacteremia with meningitis: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moe Kyotani ◽  
Tsuneaki Kenzaka ◽  
Hozuka Akita ◽  
Soichi Arakawa
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Chronic Subdural Hematoma ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Enhancement Effect ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Clinical Report ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fisher Syndrome ◽  
First Case

Abstract Background The bacterium Campylobacter insulaenigrae was first isolated from marine mammals of Scotland in 2004. Only one case of C. insulaenigrae infection in humans has been previously reported. Case presentation An 89-year-old Japanese man without dementia was admitted to our hospital, because he presented with a fever of 38 °C and weakness in right leg since 5 days. He had organized chronic subdural hematoma (CSH), and no history of pre-infection. At the time of admission, he had paralysis of the extraocular muscle, ataxia, and low manual muscle test score of the right side. He was suspected to have Miller Fisher syndrome; however, these symptoms improved without any treatment. On day 22 in the hospital, the patient presented a fever of 38.8 °C, left cranial nerve disorder, and hemiplegia. On day 25, the patient presented with signs of meningeal irritation; cerebrospinal fluid examination indicated an increase in the number of apocytes and a low glucose level. A contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the patient’s head indicated a contrast enhancement effect in his right meninges. The blood culture showed presence of spirillums; 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed that the spirillums in the blood culture were Campylobacter insulaenigrae (C. insulaenigrae). We started treatment with meropenem for bacteremia and meningitis. When the symptoms improved, meropenem was replaced with ampicillin, based on the result of the drug sensitivity test. The treatment continued for 4 weeks. Conclusions We report the first case of meningitis caused by C. insulaenigrae bacteremia in humans, and the second clinical report of C. insulaenigrae infection in humans. The bacterial strains isolated from humans and marine mammals had different genotypes. This suggests that different genotypes could be responsible for differences in the hosts. Further case studies are needed to establish the reasons behind the difference in the manifestations of C. insulaenigrae infections reported so far.

scholarly journals Microbiome of Odontogenic Abscesses

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1307
Author(s):  
Sebastian Böttger ◽  
Silke Zechel-Gran ◽  
Daniel Schmermund ◽  
Philipp Streckbein ◽  
Jan-Falco Wilbrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Analysis ◽  
Odontogenic Infections ◽  
Odontogenic Abscess

Severe odontogenic abscesses are regularly caused by bacteria of the physiological oral microbiome. However, the culture of these bacteria is often prone to errors and sometimes does not result in any bacterial growth. Furthermore, various authors found completely different bacterial spectra in odontogenic abscesses. Experimental 16S rRNA gene next-generation sequencing analysis was used to identify the microbiome of the saliva and the pus in patients with a severe odontogenic infection. The microbiome of the saliva and the pus was determined for 50 patients with a severe odontogenic abscess. Perimandibular and submandibular abscesses were the most commonly observed diseases at 15 (30%) patients each. Polymicrobial infections were observed in 48 (96%) cases, while the picture of a mono-infection only occurred twice (4%). On average, 31.44 (±12.09) bacterial genera were detected in the pus and 41.32 (±9.00) in the saliva. In most cases, a predominantly anaerobic bacterial spectrum was found in the pus, while saliva showed a similar oral microbiome to healthy individuals. In the majority of cases, odontogenic infections are polymicrobial. Our results indicate that these are mainly caused by anaerobic bacterial strains and that aerobic and facultative anaerobe bacteria seem to play a more minor role than previously described by other authors. The 16S rRNA gene analysis detects significantly more bacteria than conventional methods and molecular methods should therefore become a part of routine diagnostics in medical microbiology.

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