scholarly journals DELAMINATED CELLS FOR NANO-ENABLED INKJET PRINTABILITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1071-1081
Author(s):  
ARNIZA GHAZALI ◽  
◽  
NUR HAFFIZAH AZHAR ◽  
SHAHROM MAHMUD ◽  
MOHAMMAD FAUZUL AZIM MOHD KHAIRUDIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Paper Surface ◽  
Reading Experience ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Virgin Pulp ◽  
Inorganic Fillers ◽  
Insight Into

Nanometer scale cells delaminated from oil palm fruit bunch (EFB) microfiber cell walls were coated on commercial A4 and laboratory sheets prepared from virgin fibers. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) revealed the cells as translucent laminae of fibrils (TRX) bound together in a 5 nm to 100 nm thick web with dendritic edges. Coating of TRX onto the commercial A4 paper improved inkjet printability by up to 80%. The nano-enabled printability occurred as a summed effect of TRX forming (1) a canopy on or “loose-masking” of the protruding inorganic fillers, (2) capillary bridging of micro-voids formed by TRX fibrillary ends, (3) partial bridging of micro-gaps, (4) masking of the fiber surface, and (5) nano-grip arising from dendritic ends slipping into the micro-voids. The TRX-coated virgin pulp network revealed improved nano-enabled coverage by significantly reducing the stray and by print uniformity. The results provided an insight into the possibility of interfacing TRX with the paper surface for an improved inkjet print and economy through high-precision printing, also providing a pleasurable reading experience.

Ultrastructure of commercial recycled pulp fibers for the production of packaging paper

Holzforschung ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Brändström ◽  
Jean-Paul Joseleau ◽  
Alain Cochaux ◽  
Nathalie Giraud-Telme ◽  
Katia Ruel
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
Chemical Pulp ◽  
Recycled Pulp ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Large Heterogeneity ◽  
Recycled Fibers ◽  
Packaging Paper

Abstract Transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the ultrastructure of recycled pulp fibers originating from a household collection plant and intended for the production of packaging paper. Three recovered paper grades and recycling processes, including pulping, screening, cleaning and refining, were assessed with emphasis on surface and internal fibrillation as well as xylan localization. Results showed a large heterogeneity with respect to fiber ultrastructure within and between the grades. Screening and cleaning steps had no detectable effects, but refining clearly increased cell-wall delamination and surface fibrillation. Immunolabeling of xylans showed that they were distributed rather evenly across the cell walls. They were also present on fines. Two different mechanisms for fiber delamination and surface fibrillation were found, one which implies that internal and external fibrillation take place simultaneously across the cell wall, and another which implies successive peeling of layers or sub-layers from the outside towards the inside. It is suggested that recycled fibers of chemical pulp origin undergo the former mechanism and recycled fibers that contain lignin binding the cell wall matrix give rise to the latter peeling mechanism. Because several recycled fibers were severely delaminated and almost fractured, we suggest that to produce a good packaging paper, it is important that recycled pulp should contain a significant proportion of fibers with high intrinsic strength.

scholarly journals Characterization of Passage-Selected Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains of Diverse Parental Backgrounds

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Pfeltz ◽  
Vineet K. Singh ◽  
Jennifer L. Schmidt ◽  
Michael A. Batten ◽  
Christopher S. Baranyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Vancomycin Mics ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Doubling Times

ABSTRACT A series of 12 Staphylococcus aureus strains of various genetic backgrounds, methicillin resistance levels, and autolytic activities were subjected to selection for the glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus (GISA) susceptibility phenotype on increasing concentrations of vancomycin. Six strains acquired the phenotype rapidly, two did so slowly, and four failed to do so. The vancomycin MICs for the GISA strains ranged from 4 to 16 μg/ml, were stable to 20 nonselective passages, and expressed resistance homogeneously. Neither ease of acquisition of the GISA phenotype nor the MIC attained correlated with methicillin resistance hetero- versus homogeneity or autolytic deficiency or sufficiency. Oxacillin MICs were generally unchanged between parent and GISA strains, although the mec members of both isogenic methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant pairs acquired the GISA phenotype more rapidly and to higher MICs than did their susceptible counterparts. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the GISA strains appeared normal in the absence of vancomycin but had thickened and diffuse cell walls when grown with vancomycin at one-half the MIC. Common features among GISAs were reduced doubling times, decreased lysostaphin susceptibilities, and reduced whole-cell and zymographic autolytic activities in the absence of vancomycin. This, with surface hydrophobicity differences, indicated that even in the absence of vancomycin the GISA cell walls differed from those of the parents. Autolytic activities were further reduced by the inclusion of vancomycin in whole-cell and zymographic studies. The six least vancomycin-susceptible GISA strains exhibited an increased capacity to remove vancomycin from the medium versus their parent lines. This study suggests that while some elements of the GISA phenotype are strain specific, many are common to the phenotype although their expression is influenced by genetic background. GISA strains with similar glycopeptide MICs may express individual components of the phenotype to different extents.

scholarly journals De wereld als sciencefictionroman. Over De goede zoon van Rob van Essen

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-242
Author(s):  
Erica van Boven
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Central Place ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Reading Experience ◽  
Award Winning ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Everyday Reality ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Rob van Essen’s award-winning novel The good son (2018) offers its readers a puzzling reading experience. It contains a tangle of storylines and seems to lack head or tail. This contribution aims to discover composition and meaning by analyzing various aspects provided by the novel itself: timeline, plot, science fiction, ideas, poetica. This approach provides insight into the rich reservoir of meanings, whereby the importance of imagination and creation appears to have a central place. The novel, which can be labelled as a dystopian science fiction novel, as well as a novel of ideas or a novel of poetics, wants us to become aware of the mysteriousness of everyday reality. Nederlandstalig abstract Rob van Essens bekroonde roman De goede zoon (2018) biedt de lezers een verwarrende leeservaring. De roman bevat een wirwar aan verhaallijnen en heeft op het eerste gezicht nauwelijks samenhang. In deze bijdrage wordt geprobeerd compositie en betekenis te ontdekken door middel van een analyse van verschillende aspecten die uit de roman zelf naar voren komen: tijdsverloop, plot, sciencefiction, ideeën, poëtica. Daarmee ontstaat inzicht in een rijk reservoir aan betekenissen waarin het belang van scheppen en verbeelden een centrale plaats heeft. De roman, die beschouwd kan worden als een dystopische sciencefictionroman maar ook als een ideeënroman of een poëticale roman, lijkt ons te willen doordringen van de raadselachtigheid van de alledaagse werkelijkheid.

A Single Xyloglucan Xylosyltransferase is Sufficient for Generation of the XXXG Xylosylation Pattern of Xyloglucan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiqin Zhong ◽  
Dennis R Phillips ◽  
Zheng-Hua Ye
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Biochemical Mechanism ◽  
The Third ◽  
Insight Into

Abstarct Xyloglucan is the most abundant hemicellulose in the primary cell walls of dicots. Dicot xyloglucan is the XXXG-type consisting of repeating units of three consecutive xylosylated Glc residues followed by one unsubstituted Glc. Its xylosylation is catalyzed by xyloglucan 6-xylosyltransferases (XXTs) and there exist five XXTs (AtXXT1-5) in Arabidopsis. While AtXXT1and AtXXT2 have been shown to add the first two Xyl residues in the XXXG repeat, which XXTs are responsible for the addition of the third Xyl residue remains elusive although AtXXT5 was a proposed candidate. In this report, we generated recombinant proteins of all five Arabidopsis XXTs and one rice XXT (OsXXT1) in the mammalian HEK293 cells and investigated their ability to sequentially xylosylate Glc residues to generate the XXXG xylosylation pattern. We found that like AtXXT1/2, AtXXT4 and OsXXT1 could efficiently xylosylate the cellohexaose (G6) acceptor to produce mono- and di-xylosylated G6, whereas AtXXT5 was only barely capable of adding one Xyl onto G6. When AtXXT1-catalyzed products were used as acceptors, AtXXT1/2/4 and OsXXT1 but not AtXXT5 were able to xylosylate additional Glc residues to generate tri- and tetra-xylosylated G6. Further characterization of the tri- and tetra-xylosylated G6 revealed that they had the sequence of GXXXGG and GXXXXG with three and four consecutive xylosylated Glc residues, respectively. In addition, we have found that although tri-xylosylation occurred on G6, cello-oligomers with a degree of polymerization of 3 to 5 could only be mono- and di-xylosylated. Together, these results indicate that each of AtXXT1/2/4 and OsXXT1 is capable of sequentially adding Xyl onto three contiguous Glc residues to generate the XXXG xylosylation pattern and these findings provide new insight into the biochemical mechanism underlying xyloglucan biosynthesis.

An insight into Asian Palmyra palm fruit pulp: A fluorescent sensor for Fe2+ and Cd2+ ions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitra Varadaraju ◽  
Mosae Selvakumar Paulraj ◽  
G. Tamil Selvan ◽  
S. Sri Vijeindran ◽  
R. Mariselvam
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Sensor ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Submicroscopical Features of Leaves of Xyris Species

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria das Graças Sajo ◽  
Silvia Rodrigues Machado
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Leaf Ultrastructure ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Stomatal Guard Cells ◽  
Adaptative Significance ◽  
Scanning Electron

The leaf ultrastructure of five Xyris species were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and histochemical methods. All studied leaves show some features in epidermis and mesophyll, which were of considerable adaptative significance to drought stress. Such features included the occurrence of a pectic layer on the stomatal guard cells and the presence of a network of pectic compounds in the cuticle. Pectic compunds were also in abundance in lamellated walls of the mesophyll cells and on the inner surface of the sclerified cell walls of the vascular bundle sheaths. There were also specialized chlorenchymatous "peg cells" in the mesophyll and drops of phenolic compounds inside the epidermal cells.

Analysis of Platelet Dense Granules in Storage Pool Deficient Patients

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 73-74
Author(s):  
M.M. McKenzie ◽  
W.T. Gunning ◽  
M.R. Smith ◽  
N.A. Lachant ◽  
J.N. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Dense Granule ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
Storage Pool ◽  
Prolonged Bleeding ◽  
Normal Number ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Whole Mounts

Prolonged bleeding times may be evident in patients with various conditions. Analysis of platelet function can provide an insight into the cause. Platelets contain substances such as ADP, calcium, epinephrine, and serotonin which are stored in the electron dense or delta granules. Our experience has shown normal platelets to have 4-6 dense granules (Figure 1), which is supported by the literature. The prolonged bleeding times of patients who have less than the normal number of dense granules may be attributed to the lack of adequate factors that aid in the clotting process. These storage pool deficient (SPD) patients are being classified by their low dense granule count. Patients with prolonged bleeding times but normal dense granule counts may need to have their granules evaluated for size and volume (Figure 2).Whole mounted platelets were placed in the transmission electron microscope (TEM), and negatives were obtained at a magnification of 10,200x. The typical dense granule seen in normal whole mounts is circular.

scholarly journals The Fungicide Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide Negatively Affects Plant Cell Walls, Infection Thread Walls, and Symbiosomes in Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Symbiotic Nodules

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1488
Author(s):  
Artemii P. Gorshkov ◽  
Anna V. Tsyganova ◽  
Maxim G. Vorobiev ◽  
Viktor E. Tsyganov
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Infection Thread ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nodule Senescence

In Russia, tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) is a fungicide widely used in the cultivation of legumes, including the pea (Pisum sativum). Application of TMTD can negatively affect nodulation; nevertheless, its effect on the histological and ultrastructural organization of nodules has not previously been investigated. In this study, the effect of TMTD at three concentrations (0.4, 4, and 8 g/kg) on nodule development in three pea genotypes (laboratory lines Sprint-2 and SGE, and cultivar ‘Finale’) was examined. In SGE, TMTD at 0.4 g/kg reduced the nodule number and shoot and root fresh weights. Treatment with TMTD at 8 g/kg changed the nodule color from pink to green, indicative of nodule senescence. Light and transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed negative effects of TMTD on nodule structure in each genotype. ‘Finale’ was the most sensitive cultivar to TMTD and Sprint-2 was the most tolerant. The negative effects of TMTD on nodules included the appearance of a senescence zone, starch accumulation, swelling of cell walls accompanied by a loss of electron density, thickening of the infection thread walls, symbiosome fusion, and bacteroid degradation. These results demonstrate how TMTD adversely affects nodules in the pea and will be useful for developing strategies to optimize fungicide use on legume crops.

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