scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF POTATO SEED MATERIAL AND ITS DIAGNOSTICS IN SYSTEM OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 156-166
Author(s):  
T.M. Oleynik ◽  
K.A. Sloblodyan ◽  
S.A. Slobodyan ◽  
R.V. Gricay

The results of improvement studies of potato varieties by chemotherapy along with the use of antiviral drugs: RNA-ase, acyclovir, izatizon, and hydrochloride as well as data on the molecular diagnosis of X-and M-viruses in vitro plants, resulting from the recovery are presented. 3 lines free from virus X and 4 lines free from potato virus M were allocated. After the testing of variety changeability and its economically valuable characteristics in field conditions one of them will be selected and submitted to the Bank in vitro redeveloped varieties.

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 177-181
Author(s):  
E. Vlasevskaya ◽  
I. Mukhametshin

The results of studies on the influence of the nutrient medium and photoperiod on tuberization of micro-plants of promising potato cultivars in an in vitro culture under are presented the conditions of a potato renewal laboratory at the Udmurt Research Institute of Agriculture of the Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2018. Two experiments were carried out to identify patterns of the influence of potato cultivation conditions in vitro on the efficiency of its propagation and to develop an improved method for propagating potato micro-tubers in vitro. The experiments were carried out in accordance with the recommendation “New technologies for the production of healthy source material in elite potato seed production”, “Technologies for microclonal propagation of plants”. Object of research: micro-plants of potato varieties Alena, Charodei, Nayada. The studied variants of sugar concentration are 0%, 2% (control), 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%. The studied photoperiod options are 16 hours (control), 14 hours, 12 hours, 10 hours, 8 hours, 6 hours, 4 hours. Based on the results of studies in 2018, experimental data were obtained. It was revealed that the lack of sugar in the nutrient medium negatively affects the growth and development of potato micro-plants. An increase in sugar concentration to 6–10%, in comparison with the control (2%), significantly increases the tuber-forming ability of micro-plants by an average of 6.1–7.2% and increases the number of tubers from one micro-plant. The highest yield of micro-tubers from one micro-plant on average for varieties was obtained with a 14-hour photoperiod and amounted to 1.3 pcs. With a 12-hour photoperiod, micro-tubers begin to form 7–14 days earlier than in the other variants of the experiment.


2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Kushnarenko ◽  
Natalya Romadanova ◽  
Moldir Aralbayeva ◽  
Saule Zholamanova ◽  
Alena Alexandrova ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Ilze Skrabule ◽  
Gunta Bebre

The first potato varieties that reached the territory of Latvia were empirically selected clones from genetically diverse material brought from South America to Europe. In the 19th century, when agricultural production rapidly developed, the demand for high yielding potato varieties suitable to local growing conditions increased. Therefore, potato variety evaluation trials were set up. Scientifically- based potato breeding in Latvia was launched by P. Knappe. The potato breeding programme in Priekuïi Plant Breeding Station was started in 1931, and has still continued. Several breeding methods were used by potato breeders Ç. Knape, V. Gaujers, G. Bebre and others in Priekuïi. Potato breeding for short periods was carried out in several other places in Latvia: Stende, Carnikava, and Lejaskurzeme. The method of elimination of diseases in potato seed material and high quality seed material production was implemented in Priekuïi. More than 60 potato varieties have been created in Latvia, some of them were and still are in demand in agricultural production.


2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
E. V. Haksar ◽  
M. S. Romanova ◽  
O. O. Novikov ◽  
N. I. Leonova ◽  
G. A. Romashov

The results of the study on the production of potato minitubers by aeroponic and aero-hydroponic methods, which are non-substrate methods of growing plants, are presented. In order to develop technologies for growing virus-free potato seed material in closed systems, experiments on growing potato minitubers in multiuse aeroponic systems were conducted. Early-ripening potato varieties Rosara, Antonina and Yubilyar, mid-ripening Solnechny variety, and S-112 and Ch hybrids were used as the tested potato varieties. The plant growing cycle was divided into three phases: adaptation, growth, and tuberization. For each phase, different cultivation parameters were used. As a light source, highpressure sodium lamps DNaT 400 were used. The quantitative yield of potato minitubers per one plant on this type of systems was as follows: Antonina variety – 15.3 pcs., Yubilyar variety – 23 pcs., Hybrid Ch – 28.1 pcs., Hybrid S-112 – 30.2 pcs., Solnechny variety – 30.3 pcs., Rosara variety – 43.9 pcs. The effect of various light sources on the quantitative yield of potato minitubers of Nevsky and Yubilyar varieties was studied for this type of systems. Cultivation of potatoes in these systems was carried out according to the technology described, but using two different types of light sources. In the control variant, high-pressure sodium lamps DNaT 400 were used, in the experimental variant, LED lamps produced by CoB (full spectrum) technology with a passive cooling system were used. The use of LED lighting on Nevsky variety led to a statistically signifi cant increase in the quantitative yield of potato minitubers from one plant compared to the control, by 20.88%. The prospects of using Fagro aero-hydroponic systems for adaptation of potato microplants and for obtaining potato minitubers of Rosara and Solnechny varieties were shown. The quantitative yield of potato minitubers per plant on this type of installations was 46.9 pcs. for Rosara variety, and 56.7 pcs. for Solnechny.


2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
І. V. Volkova ◽  
L. M. Reshotko ◽  
О. О. Dmytruk

Objective. Monitoring observations over the phytovirological condition of potato planting in different regions of Ukraine, taking into account potato degeneration zones. Methods. Laboratory (virological, immunological, electronic microscopy), field, statistical. Results. The map and diagrams show the results of monitoring studies conducted in 2016–2020, during which 435 varieties of potatoes of Ukrainian and foreign selection were tested. In the zone of the lowest degeneration or the zone with a relatively low degree of infectious load, 100 % spread of pathogenic complexes involving potato virus Y in the Region of Zakarpattia, potato viruses M and Y in the Region of Chernivtsi, ranging from 89 % to 100 %. In the zone of strong degeneration of the culture or the zone with a high degree of infectious load, spread of pathogens of potato viral diseases is from 94 % to 100 %, and the vast majority of viruses belongs to pathogens of severe viral diseases. In the zones of mild and moderate degeneration, which belong to the zones with relatively low degree and with moderate degree of infectious load according to another diagram, potato virus M in monoinfection from 17 % to 50 %, in the pathogenic complex with potato virus S from 8 % to 36 %, with potato virus Y from 6 % to 32 % was detected. In the Region of Kyiv, the spread of potato virus Y+S complex reaches 65 %. In all areas, there is an extremely high level of infection of the culture with potato virus M, which is the cause of severe viral diseases of potatoes. Conclusion. The results of phytovirological monitoring show that the boundaries between potato degeneration zones are smoothed down. Climatic changes, active resettlement of virus vectors, intensification of trade relations with the constant import of foreign potato seed material result in the significant spread of pathogens of potato viral diseases.


2021 ◽  
Vol 886 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
Septi Andriani ◽  
Luthfi Aziz Mahmud Siregar ◽  
Irda Safni

Abstract As the national potatoes growth has become lower from year to year, it is now known that the problems came from the lack of certified potato seed varieties and the minimum access to sophisticated technology to make a good potato variety. The solution that can be made is to utilize microtubers as an efficient factor. The purpose of this research is to find the most effective method in micro tubers cultivation in vitro by comparing the conventional tissue culture method and the Temporary Immersion System (TIS) bioreactor method to four different potato varieties (Granola L., Dayang Sumbi, Atlantic Malang, Maglia). This research uses a split-plot design with a completely randomized design by using two factorial. The result of this study shows that the microtubers in the multiplication and production step using the TIS bioreactor method has a higher average compared to the conventional tissue culture method. As the various details, Dayang Sumbi has the highest parameter such as most sprouts, primer roots, diameter, wet weights, and fastest time growth. Granola L. excel in planlet height and most tubers. Atlantic Malang in the most multiplication and nodus. Meanwhile Maglia excel in most leaves.


2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Bespalova ◽  
Yu. V. Ukhatova ◽  
N. N. Volkova ◽  
E. V. Oves ◽  
N. A. Gaitova ◽  
...  

Cryopreservation provides long-term storage of the gene pool of potato varieties in cryobanks at extremely low temperatures. Currently, droplet vitrification is the most widely used method for cryopreservation of potato varieties, which is constantly improving to increase the regeneration rates of the stored plant material. Different modifications of this method are used in the world’s leading potato genebanks. This paper presents the results of studying the effect of cultivation conditions after plunging into liquid nitrogen and thawing of shoots tips and axillary buds of in vitro plants on their postcryogenic recovery. The droplet-vitrification method modified at VIR was used for cryopreservation. The factor “prolonged dark incubation of explants” did not have a significant effect on the frequency of post-cryogenic regeneration of the studied varieties except for one variety (Krepysh), for which a significant increase in the regeneration rate was observed for the shoot tips cultivated in the darkness compared to the cultivation under the photoperiod 16/8 hours (light/darkness). The frequency of post-cryogenic regeneration of shoot tips was higher than that of the axillary buds for all varieties; however, these differences were significant (p < 0.05) only in two cases: for the variety Udacha (a photoperiod of 16/8 hours) and for the variety Krepysh (the dark incubation). The results of two-factor analysis of variance indicate that there is no effect of interaction of factor 1 (prolonged dark incubation) and factor 2 (explant type) on the ability of varieties to post-cryogenic recovery. Taking into account the obtained results, the further cryopreservation of an extended subset of 9 varieties was carried out using shoot tips, which, after freezing-thawing, were cultivated under the photoperiod of 16/8 hours. The frequency of post-cryogenic regeneration of these varieties varied from 30 to 60 %. A significant effect of genotype on postcryogenic recovery has been established. The ability of varieties to regenerate shoots after freezing and thawing was not related to the values of morphogenic indices of in vitro plants. The age of the meriklons (2–4 years) did not significantly affect either the morphogenic indices or the frequency of post-cryogenic regeneration.


2021 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
С.В. Мальцев ◽  
С.В. Андрианов ◽  
А.В. Митюшкин

Цель работы – определение эффективности применения ингибиторов прорастания при хранении сортов картофеля различного использования: столовых, для потребления в свежем виде, специально предназначенных для переработки на картофелепродукты, а также в качестве семенного материала. Исследования проведены в 2005–2007 и 2015–2020 годах с использованием регуляторов роста на основе д. в. хлорпрофам (Спраут-стоп; Харвест-Макс, Р; Спад-Ник, Р) и фитогормона этилена. Картофель хранили в холодильных камерах ФГБНУ «ФИЦ картофеля имени А.Г. Лорха» при температурах 3–4, 5–7, 8–10 °C. Производственные опыты по хранению проведены в АО «Озеры» Озерского района Московской области (при температурных режимах 3–4 и 8–10 °C) и ООО «ПокровскАгро» Энгельсского района Саратовской области (5–7 °C). Газацию этиленом проводили по адаптированной к российским условиям технологии Restrain. Опыты закладывали в условиях дерново-подзолистой почвы экспериментальной базы «Коренево» (Московская область, городской округ Люберцы) на фоне минерального питания N60P60K120 при локальном внесении удобрений во время нарезки гребней. Исследованиями установлено, что обработка клубней сортов столового картофеля при температуре хранения 5–7 °C препаратом Спраут-стоп способствовала снижению общих потерь на 1,0–2,0%, а при температуре хранения 8–10 °C – на 4,0–6,0%. Причем наиболее эффективно обрабатывать клубни столовых сортов в марте, а сортов картофеля на переработку – в сентябре. Применение регулятора роста Спраут-стоп на семенном картофеле оказалось неэффективным независимо от дозы и срока обработки. Использование препарата Харвест-Макс, Р на столовом картофеле сорта Гала обеспечило снижение потерь при хранении на 5,1 и 7,0% при суммарных дозах препарата 39 и 57 г/т. Применение препарата Спад-Ник, Р как отдельно, так и в сочетании с фитогормоном этиленом способствовало снижению потерь сортов картофеля, предназначенного для переработки на хрустящий картофель, на 6,9–7,7%. При этом не выявлено существенного снижения биохимических показателей клубней и пригодности картофеля к переработке при использовании ингибиторов прорастания на основе д. в. хлорпрофам. Газация семенного материала картофеля фитогормоном этиленом способствовала прибавке общей урожайности по сортам Леди Клэр и Сатурна на 14,2 и 7,4% соответственно. The aim of this research is to determine the efficiency of germination inhibitors appliance by storage of potato varieties for various target uses: table, for fresh consumption, special for processing into potato products and also as seed material. Studies were conducted in 2005–2007 and 2015–2020 using growth regulators based on active ingredient chlorpropham (Sprout-stop; Harvest-Max; Spud-nic) and the phytohormone ethylene. Potatoes were stored in the cooling chambers of the Russian Potato Research Centre at temperatures of 3–4, 5–7, 8–10 °C. Production experiments were carried out in the JSC “Ozery” of the Ozyorsky district of the Moscow region (at store temperatures of 3–4 and 8–10 °C) and LLC “PokrovskAgro” of the Engels district of the Saratov region (5–7 °C). Treatment with ethylene was carried out using the Restrain technology adapted to Russian conditions. The experiments were conducted in the conditions of sod-podzolic soil of the experimental base “Korenevo” (Moscow region, Lyuberetsky city district) with the doses of mineral fertilizers of N60P60K120 by their local appliance during cutting of ridges. In research was found that treatment of tubers of table potato varieties at a storage temperature of 5–7 °C with inhibitor Sprout-stop contributed to a reduction in total losses by 1.0–2.0% and at a storage temperature of 8–10 °C – by 4.0–6.0%. Moreover, it is most effective to treat the tubers of table varieties in March, and potato varieties for processing – in September. The use of the sprout-stop growth regulator on seed potatoes was ineffective regardless of the dose and treatment term. The use of inhibitor Harvest-Max on table potatoes of Gala variety provided a reduction in storage losses by 5.1 and 7.0% at total doses of the preparation 39 and 57 g/t. The use of inhibitor Spud-nic both separately and in combination with the plant hormone ethylene contributed to the reduction of losses of potato varieties for processing into crisps 6.9 to 7.7%. At the same time no significant decrease in biochemical parameters of tubers and in suitability of potatoes for processing when using germination inhibitors based on active ingredient chlorpropham was detected. The treatment of potato seed material with phytohormone ethylene provided an increase in total yield of the Lady Claire and Saturna varieties by 14.2 and 7.4%, respectively.


Acta Naturae ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
M V Arkhipenko ◽  
E K Petrova ◽  
N A Nikitin ◽  
A D Protopopova ◽  
E V Dubrovin ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
O.V. Subin ◽  
◽  
M.D. Melnychuk ◽  
A.F. Likhanov ◽  
O.L. Klyachenko ◽  
...  

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