scholarly journals Development of Potato Varieties in Latvia

Author(s):  
Ilze Skrabule ◽  
Gunta Bebre

The first potato varieties that reached the territory of Latvia were empirically selected clones from genetically diverse material brought from South America to Europe. In the 19th century, when agricultural production rapidly developed, the demand for high yielding potato varieties suitable to local growing conditions increased. Therefore, potato variety evaluation trials were set up. Scientifically- based potato breeding in Latvia was launched by P. Knappe. The potato breeding programme in Priekuïi Plant Breeding Station was started in 1931, and has still continued. Several breeding methods were used by potato breeders Ç. Knape, V. Gaujers, G. Bebre and others in Priekuïi. Potato breeding for short periods was carried out in several other places in Latvia: Stende, Carnikava, and Lejaskurzeme. The method of elimination of diseases in potato seed material and high quality seed material production was implemented in Priekuïi. More than 60 potato varieties have been created in Latvia, some of them were and still are in demand in agricultural production.

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 156-166
Author(s):  
T.M. Oleynik ◽  
K.A. Sloblodyan ◽  
S.A. Slobodyan ◽  
R.V. Gricay

The results of improvement studies of potato varieties by chemotherapy along with the use of antiviral drugs: RNA-ase, acyclovir, izatizon, and hydrochloride as well as data on the molecular diagnosis of X-and M-viruses in vitro plants, resulting from the recovery are presented. 3 lines free from virus X and 4 lines free from potato virus M were allocated. After the testing of variety changeability and its economically valuable characteristics in field conditions one of them will be selected and submitted to the Bank in vitro redeveloped varieties.


2020 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Е.А. Симаков ◽  
Б.В. Анисимов ◽  
С.В. Жевора ◽  
А.В. Митюшкин ◽  
А.А. Журавлев ◽  
...  

Для преодоления зависимости товаропроизводителей от импорта зарубежного семенного материала, удовлетворения возросших требований к потребительским и столовым качествам клубней сортов картофеля и структуре целевого использования урожая определены приоритетные направления совершенствования селекции и семеноводства картофеля на ближайшую и длительную перспективу. Представлены результаты целенаправленной селекции сортов картофеля нового поколения различных сроков созревания с конкретными параметрами хозяйственно полезных признаков, определяющих их целевое использование в соответствии с запросами отечественного рынка картофеля. Предложена система мер по развитию селекции и семеноводства картофеля, способствующая повышению эффективности создания и использования потенциала отечественных сортов, наращиванию объемов производства качественного семенного материала высоких посевных стандартов. Среди них: скрининг и постоянное обновление генофонда, формирование, пополнение и поддержание признаковых генетических коллекций, разработка системы генетических и молекулярных маркеров ценных хозяйственных признаков, развитие селекционных программ по созданию сортов с пигментированной окраской мякоти клубней, повышенным содержанием антиоксидантов и высокой питательной ценностью, разработка эффективных приемов и методов взращивания высококачественного семенного картофеля на основе созданиях исходного материала, свободного от вирусных, вироидных и бактериальных фитопатогенов, освоение адаптивных ресурсо- и энергоэкономичных технологий и схем семеноводства картофеля, средств защиты, машин и механизмов, обеспечивающих качество сортовых семян, формирование региональной сети учреждений РАН и агропредприятий по оригинальному семеноводству картофеля, выделение специальных семеноводческих территорий с наиболее чистыми фитосанитарными условиями и т.п. Это позволит ускорить переход сельхозпредприятий и крестьянских (фермерских) хозяйств на использование для посадки только сертифицированных семян не ниже 1-2 репродукций. To overcome the dependence of producers on imports of foreign seed material, to meet the increased requirements for the consumer and table qualities of potato tubers and the structure of the intended use of the crop, priority areas for improving the selection and seed production of potato in the near and long term have been identified. The results of purposeful selection of new generation potato varieties of different maturation periods with specific parameters of economically useful features that determine their intended use in accordance with the requirements of the domestic potato market are presented. The proposed system of measures on development of selection and seed potatoes, facilitate the creation and use of potential native varieties, increase production of quality seed material of high seed standards. Among them: screening and constant updating of the gene pool, formation, replenishment and maintenance genetic collections of traits, development of a system of genetic and molecular markers of valuable economic traits, development of selection programs for breeding cultivars with pigmented colour of tuber pulp, high content of antioxidants and high nutritional value, development of effective methods and methods for growing high-quality seed potatoes based on the creation of source material free from viral, viroid and bacterial phytopathogens, development of adaptive resource-and energy-efficient technologies and schemes for potato seed production, protective equipment, machines and mechanisms that ensure the quality of varietal seeds, formation of a regional network of RAS institutions and agricultural enterprises for original potato seed production, allocation of special seed-growing territories with the cleanest phytosanitary conditions. This will speed up the transition of agricultural enterprises and peasant (farm) farms to use only certified seeds for planting at least 1-2 reproductions.


2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
E. V. Haksar ◽  
M. S. Romanova ◽  
O. O. Novikov ◽  
N. I. Leonova ◽  
G. A. Romashov

The results of the study on the production of potato minitubers by aeroponic and aero-hydroponic methods, which are non-substrate methods of growing plants, are presented. In order to develop technologies for growing virus-free potato seed material in closed systems, experiments on growing potato minitubers in multiuse aeroponic systems were conducted. Early-ripening potato varieties Rosara, Antonina and Yubilyar, mid-ripening Solnechny variety, and S-112 and Ch hybrids were used as the tested potato varieties. The plant growing cycle was divided into three phases: adaptation, growth, and tuberization. For each phase, different cultivation parameters were used. As a light source, highpressure sodium lamps DNaT 400 were used. The quantitative yield of potato minitubers per one plant on this type of systems was as follows: Antonina variety – 15.3 pcs., Yubilyar variety – 23 pcs., Hybrid Ch – 28.1 pcs., Hybrid S-112 – 30.2 pcs., Solnechny variety – 30.3 pcs., Rosara variety – 43.9 pcs. The effect of various light sources on the quantitative yield of potato minitubers of Nevsky and Yubilyar varieties was studied for this type of systems. Cultivation of potatoes in these systems was carried out according to the technology described, but using two different types of light sources. In the control variant, high-pressure sodium lamps DNaT 400 were used, in the experimental variant, LED lamps produced by CoB (full spectrum) technology with a passive cooling system were used. The use of LED lighting on Nevsky variety led to a statistically signifi cant increase in the quantitative yield of potato minitubers from one plant compared to the control, by 20.88%. The prospects of using Fagro aero-hydroponic systems for adaptation of potato microplants and for obtaining potato minitubers of Rosara and Solnechny varieties were shown. The quantitative yield of potato minitubers per plant on this type of installations was 46.9 pcs. for Rosara variety, and 56.7 pcs. for Solnechny.


2021 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
С.В. Мальцев ◽  
С.В. Андрианов ◽  
А.В. Митюшкин

Цель работы – определение эффективности применения ингибиторов прорастания при хранении сортов картофеля различного использования: столовых, для потребления в свежем виде, специально предназначенных для переработки на картофелепродукты, а также в качестве семенного материала. Исследования проведены в 2005–2007 и 2015–2020 годах с использованием регуляторов роста на основе д. в. хлорпрофам (Спраут-стоп; Харвест-Макс, Р; Спад-Ник, Р) и фитогормона этилена. Картофель хранили в холодильных камерах ФГБНУ «ФИЦ картофеля имени А.Г. Лорха» при температурах 3–4, 5–7, 8–10 °C. Производственные опыты по хранению проведены в АО «Озеры» Озерского района Московской области (при температурных режимах 3–4 и 8–10 °C) и ООО «ПокровскАгро» Энгельсского района Саратовской области (5–7 °C). Газацию этиленом проводили по адаптированной к российским условиям технологии Restrain. Опыты закладывали в условиях дерново-подзолистой почвы экспериментальной базы «Коренево» (Московская область, городской округ Люберцы) на фоне минерального питания N60P60K120 при локальном внесении удобрений во время нарезки гребней. Исследованиями установлено, что обработка клубней сортов столового картофеля при температуре хранения 5–7 °C препаратом Спраут-стоп способствовала снижению общих потерь на 1,0–2,0%, а при температуре хранения 8–10 °C – на 4,0–6,0%. Причем наиболее эффективно обрабатывать клубни столовых сортов в марте, а сортов картофеля на переработку – в сентябре. Применение регулятора роста Спраут-стоп на семенном картофеле оказалось неэффективным независимо от дозы и срока обработки. Использование препарата Харвест-Макс, Р на столовом картофеле сорта Гала обеспечило снижение потерь при хранении на 5,1 и 7,0% при суммарных дозах препарата 39 и 57 г/т. Применение препарата Спад-Ник, Р как отдельно, так и в сочетании с фитогормоном этиленом способствовало снижению потерь сортов картофеля, предназначенного для переработки на хрустящий картофель, на 6,9–7,7%. При этом не выявлено существенного снижения биохимических показателей клубней и пригодности картофеля к переработке при использовании ингибиторов прорастания на основе д. в. хлорпрофам. Газация семенного материала картофеля фитогормоном этиленом способствовала прибавке общей урожайности по сортам Леди Клэр и Сатурна на 14,2 и 7,4% соответственно. The aim of this research is to determine the efficiency of germination inhibitors appliance by storage of potato varieties for various target uses: table, for fresh consumption, special for processing into potato products and also as seed material. Studies were conducted in 2005–2007 and 2015–2020 using growth regulators based on active ingredient chlorpropham (Sprout-stop; Harvest-Max; Spud-nic) and the phytohormone ethylene. Potatoes were stored in the cooling chambers of the Russian Potato Research Centre at temperatures of 3–4, 5–7, 8–10 °C. Production experiments were carried out in the JSC “Ozery” of the Ozyorsky district of the Moscow region (at store temperatures of 3–4 and 8–10 °C) and LLC “PokrovskAgro” of the Engels district of the Saratov region (5–7 °C). Treatment with ethylene was carried out using the Restrain technology adapted to Russian conditions. The experiments were conducted in the conditions of sod-podzolic soil of the experimental base “Korenevo” (Moscow region, Lyuberetsky city district) with the doses of mineral fertilizers of N60P60K120 by their local appliance during cutting of ridges. In research was found that treatment of tubers of table potato varieties at a storage temperature of 5–7 °C with inhibitor Sprout-stop contributed to a reduction in total losses by 1.0–2.0% and at a storage temperature of 8–10 °C – by 4.0–6.0%. Moreover, it is most effective to treat the tubers of table varieties in March, and potato varieties for processing – in September. The use of the sprout-stop growth regulator on seed potatoes was ineffective regardless of the dose and treatment term. The use of inhibitor Harvest-Max on table potatoes of Gala variety provided a reduction in storage losses by 5.1 and 7.0% at total doses of the preparation 39 and 57 g/t. The use of inhibitor Spud-nic both separately and in combination with the plant hormone ethylene contributed to the reduction of losses of potato varieties for processing into crisps 6.9 to 7.7%. At the same time no significant decrease in biochemical parameters of tubers and in suitability of potatoes for processing when using germination inhibitors based on active ingredient chlorpropham was detected. The treatment of potato seed material with phytohormone ethylene provided an increase in total yield of the Lady Claire and Saturna varieties by 14.2 and 7.4%, respectively.


2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia M Echer ◽  
Graciela M Dalastra ◽  
Tiago L Hachmann ◽  
Elcio S Klosowski ◽  
Vandeir F Guimarães

An important aspect in the cultivation of vegetables is the quality of the product to be marketed, free from dirt and damage and the practice of mulching could be an option, but there is scarse information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of mulching on the production traits of three cultivars of Pak Choi. The experiment was set up during March to May 2013 using a split plot randomized block design, with four replications. Soil cover treatments (white agrotextile, black agrotextile, black plastic, silver plastic, tifton straw and bare soil) were arranged in the plots, and three cultivars of Pak Choi (Green Pak Choi, White Pak Choi and Chingensai Natsu Shomi) in subplots. Height and diameter of shoots, number of leaves, fresh weight of the head and petiole, base diameter, dry weight of stem, petiole, and leaf were evaluated thirty-five days after transplantation. The total dry weight and leaf area were measured, and then we estimated the yield. There was a significant effect of soil cover and cultivar. In general, the cover with synthetic materials showed higher values on production of Pak Choi. The cultivar White Pak Choi was better adapted to the growing conditions, with an average yield of 57.78 t/ha.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abebe Chindi ◽  
Egata Shunka ◽  
Atsede Solomon ◽  
W. Giorgis Gebremedhin ◽  
Ebrahim Seid ◽  
...  

AbstractQuality seed is one of the major bottlenecks hampering the production and productivity of potato not only in Ethiopia but also in Sub-Saharan Africa. Since the 1970’s, the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research has generated a number of improved potato production technologies such as improved varieties with accompanying agronomic practices, crop protection measures, postharvest handling techniques and utilization options. The developed technologies were promoted from 2013-2015 via technology promotion and popularization to the Wolmera, Adea-Bera and Ejere districts with the objective of creating awareness and up scaling of improved potato production and utilization technologies. The Potato Improvement Research Program and the Research and Extension Division of Holetta Research Center in collaboration with extension staff of the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) undertake this activity. The farmers were selected and organized in Farmer Field Schools and all stakeholders were engaged before distributing potato seeds and planting on selected farmers’ fields for demonstrating of potato production technologies. A total of 899 farmers and 40 agricultural experts were trained and 27.7, 9 and 5.5 tons of quality seeds of Gudanie, Jalenie and Belete potato varieties, respectively, were delivered as a revolving seed with their recommended agronomic packages; this amount of seed covered 21.1 ha. A total of 16 farmer groups from Wolmera, 7 from Adea-Berga, and 11 from Ejere participated. They produced over 434 tons of relatively clean seed and constructed 8 diffused light stores. In addition to the demonstration of improved potato varieties, information dissemination was also an important component of the program to raise awareness for a large numbers of potato growers through farmers’ field days, pamphlets, and mass media. Each year about three field days were organized and more than 1500 pamphlets were distributed to farmers invited from neighboring districts and ‘Kebeles’ to enhance speed. Through this intervention farmers are now harvesting a yield of about 26-34 t/ha up from 8t/ha when they were using inferior quality potato seed; this has made the farmers in the intervention area more food secure especially during the usually food scarce months of August to October when cereal crops are generally yet to mature. The farmers are also getting additional income from the sale of excess potato and are able to better meet other necessary costs like school fees, for their children.


2021 ◽  
Vol 207 (04) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Vasiliev ◽  
Tamara Dergileva ◽  
Vasiliy Dergilev

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to assess the Belarusian potato varieties in terms of adaptability, ecological plasticity and stability. To establish the possibility of their cultivation in the conditions of the Chelyabinsk region. Research methods. The assessment of the adaptive potential of potatoes was carried out according to the classical method presented by V. A. Zykin. Results. Allocated 21 adaptive varieties suitable for cultivation in the South Urals. Analysis of ecological plasticity and stability showed that these qualities are combined in Belarusian varieties: Briz (35.7 t/ha; bi = 0.86; Si2 = 7.4), Manifest (35.4 t/ha; 0.92; 7.8), Pershatsvet (34.4 t/ha; 1.20; 29.2), Palats (33.2 t/ha; 1.08; 25.8), in domestic varieties: Spiridon (32.1 t/ha; 1.04; 0.3) and Irbitskiy (33.1 t/ha; 0.81; 23.5), as well as in the Gala variety (38.4 t/ha; 0.98; 2.2) created in Germany. Genotypes of the intensive type include the Chelyabinsk varieties: Tarasov (40.3 t/ha; bi = 1.89) and Zakhar (38.0 t/ha; 1.28), the Belarusian variety Uladar (36.8 t/ha; 1.64) and foreign varieties: Koroleva Anna (45.9 t/ha; 1.61), Zekura (35.7/ha; 1.57) and Rozara (32.0 t/ha; 1.56). A group of varieties of a neutral type was identified, which weakly responds to changes in growing conditions: Kavaler (bi = 0.33), Kashtak (0.63), Amulet (0.65) and Kuzovok (0.77) of the Chelyabinsk selection and the variety Lad (0.73) and Yanka (0.73) of the Belarusian selection. The wide distribution of foreign varieties Koroleva Anna, Rozara and Zekura in agricultural enterprises of the Chelyabinsk region is explained by their high responsiveness to intensification of production, while the Gala variety combines ecological plasticity and stability. Scientific novelty. The assessment of the adaptive potential of potato varieties created in the Republic of Belarus made it possible to identify seven adaptive varieties suitable for cultivation in the South Urals. The Uladar variety belongs to the intensive type genotypes. Varieties Briz, Manifest, Pershatsvet and Palats combine high productivity, environmental plasticity and stability. Potato varieties Yanka and Lad react poorly to changing growing conditions.


Author(s):  
Elena P. Kudryavtseva ◽  

The study is devoted to the activities of the Asian Department of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs that served as a curator of the Russia-Balkans relations in the first half of the 19th century. The Asian Department (set up in 1819) was in charge of the diplomatic, economic, cultural and church relations of Russia with the countries of the «East», and, above all, with the Ottoman Empire. Relations with the Orthodox Balkan nations - Serbs, Bulgarians and Montenegrins – remained traditionally close. This department supervised the policies related to the Balkan region, developed instructions for Russian envoys in Constantinople and Athens, stored consular reports from all over the Balkan region, and, as a result, elaborated approach of the Russian government in relations with Turkey.


1987 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. BROWN ◽  
P. D. S. CALIGARI ◽  
G. R. MACKAY ◽  
G. E. L. SWAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pannecoucque ◽  
S. Goormachtigh ◽  
J. Ceusters ◽  
J. Debode ◽  
C. Van Waes ◽  
...  

AbstractBacterial inoculation of soybean seeds to improve biological nitrogen fixation is a well-known practice to achieve higher seed and protein yield with reduced fertilization. The optimal inoculation strategy in temperate regions is unknown because soybeans are rarely cultivated under colder growing conditions. The aim of the present work was to determine the most suitable inoculation strategy for soybean cultivation in Belgium. Field trials were set up with four Bradyrhizobium inoculants (HiStick, Force 48, Biodoz and Optimize) at two locations over 2 years (2014–2015) and compared with a non-inoculated control treatment. In addition, HiStick was tested at three doses and Optimize at two time periods prior to sowing. Under Belgian conditions, all inoculants were effective in establishing rhizobial symbiosis, resulting in increased yield, protein content, protein yield and thousand-grain weight compared with the non-inoculated control. A single dose of HiStick was sufficient to establish symbiosis. Pre-inoculation with Optimize 2 weeks before sowing gave an intermediate performance for most parameters between the non-inoculated control treatment and inoculation with Optimize 24 h prior to sowing. Among the four products tested, Biodoz seemed the best product for inoculation under cool growing conditions. Based on the atpD gene, the bacterial strain of Biodoz showed complete similarity with Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens, while strains of other products were identified as Bradyrhizobium japonicum. In vitro growing capacity of the Biodoz strain at 8 °C was higher compared with the other strains. Better cold adaptation of the Biodoz strain might be a possible explanation for the better performance of Biodoz in Belgium.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document