scholarly journals Bilingual (English to Bengali) Technical E- Dictionary for Aviation OOV Words

E-dictionaries, quite common today are available for multiple languages in monolingual, bilingual and multilingual forms. In NLP they form the core of a series of tools that are used to understand words, sentences and in turn the language itself. These E-Dictionaries work well for any language domain as a whole. For almost all languages E-dictionaries are available, but once specialized technical domains are encountered these E-Dictionaries are quite useless. Aviation is one such specialized domain for which no E-Dictionary, translation or transliteration tool exist. On the other hand the need for such tools for specialized domains are increasing. The tool discussed in this paper is an attempt to bridge the gap that currently exists between English and Bengali languages.

2003 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
P. Wynarczyk
Keyword(s):  
The Core ◽  

Two aspects of Schumpeter' legacy are analyzed in the article. On the one hand, he can be viewed as the custodian of the neoclassical harvest supplementing to its stock of inherited knowledge. On the other hand, the innovative character of his works is emphasized that allows to consider him a proponent of hetherodoxy. It is stressed that Schumpeter's revolutionary challenge can lead to radical changes in modern economics.


Vox Patrum ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 339-348
Author(s):  
Bogdan Czyżewski

Although St. Basil did not live 50 years, the topic of the old age appears in his works quite often. On the other hand, it is clear that Basil does not discuss this issue in one par­ticular work or in the longer argumentation. The fragmentary statements about old age can be found in almost all his works, but most of them can be found in the correspondence of Basil. In this paper we present the most important ad the most interesting aspect of teach­ing of Basil the Great. As these certificates show that the bishop of Caesarea looked at the old age maturely, rationally estimated passage of time, which very often makes a man different. He experienced it, for example as a spiritual and physical suffering, which often were connected with his person. He saw a lot of aspect of the old age, especially its advan­tages – spiritual maturity and wisdom. What is more, he pointed also to passage of time, which leads a man to eternity, which should be prepared to, regardless how old he is. In his opinion fear is not seen opinions of St. Basil present really Christian way of thinking, well-balanced and calm.


2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Steel

In this note we shall proveTheorem 0.1. Letbe a countably ω-iterable-mouse which satisfies AD, and [α, β] a weak gap of. Supposeis captured by mice with iteration strategies in ∣α. Let n be least such that ; then we have that believes that has the Scale Property.This complements the work of [5] on the construction of scales of minimal complexity on sets of reals in K(ℝ). Theorem 0.1 was proved there under the stronger hypothesis that all sets definable over are determined, although without the capturing hypothesis. (See [5, Theorem 4.14].) Unfortunately, this is more determinacy than would be available as an induction hypothesis in a core model induction. The capturing hypothesis, on the other hand, is available in such a situation. Since core model inductions are one of the principal applications of the construction of optimal scales, it is important to prove 0.1 as stated.Our proof will incorporate a number of ideas due to Woodin which figure prominently in the weak gap case of the core model induction. It relies also on the connection between scales and iteration strategies with the Dodd-Jensen property first discovered in [3]. Let be the pointclass at the beginning of the weak gap referred to in 0.1. In section 1, we use Woodin's ideas to construct a Γ-full a mouse having ω Woodin cardinals cofinal in its ordinals, together with an iteration strategy Σ which condenses well in the sense of [4, Def. 1.13]. In section 2, we construct the desired scale from and Σ.


Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5051 (1) ◽  
pp. 346-386
Author(s):  
SÜPHAN KARAYTUĞ ◽  
SERDAR SAK ◽  
ALP ALPER ◽  
SERDAR SÖNMEZ

An attempt was made to test if Lourinia armata (Claus, 1866)—as it is currently diagnosed—represents a species complex. Detailed examination and comparisons of several specimens collected from different localities suggest that L. armata indeed represents a complex of four closely related morphospecies that can be differentiated from one another by only detailed observations. One of the four species is identified as Lourinia aff. armata and the other three species are described as new to science and named as Lourinia wellsi sp. nov., L. gocmeni sp. nov., and L. aldabraensis sp. nov. Detailed review of previous species records indicates that the genus Lourinia Wilson, 1924 is distributed worldwide. Ceyloniella nicobarica Sewell, 1940, originally described from Nicobar Island and previously considered a junior subjective synonym of L. armata is reinstated as Lourinia nicobarica (Sewell, 1940) comb. nov. on the basis of the unique paddle-shaped caudal ramus seta V. It is postulated that almost all of these records are unreliable in terms of representing true Lourinia aff. armata described herein. On the other hand, the comparative evaluation of the illustrations and descriptions in the published literature indicates the presence of several new species waiting to be discovered in the genus Lourinia.                 It has been determined that, according to updated modern keys, the recent inclusion of the monotypic genus Archeolourinia Corgosinho & Schizas, 2013 in the Louriniidae is not justified since Archeolourinia shermani Corgosinho & Schizas, 2013 does not belong to this family but should be assigned to the Canthocamptidae. On the other hand, it has been argued that the exact phylogenetic position of the Louriniidae still remains problematic since none of the diagnostic characters supports the monophyly of the family within the Oligoarthra. It has also been argued that the close relationship between Louriniidae and Canthocamptidae is supported since both families share the homologous sexual dimorphism (apophysis) on P3 endopod. The most important characteristic that can possibly be used to define Louriniidae is the reduction of maxilliped.  


Author(s):  
John Lederach

So here I am, a week late arriving home, stuck between Colombia, Guatemala and Harrisonburg when our world changed. The images flash even in my sleep. The heart of America ripped. Though natural, the cry for revenge and the call for the unleashing of the first war of this century, prolonged or not, seems more connected to social and psychological processes of finding a way to release deep emotional anguish, a sense of powerlessness, and our collective loss than it does as a plan of action seeking to redress the injustice, promote change and prevent it from ever happening again. I am stuck from airport to airport as I write this, the reality of a global system that has suspended even the most basic trust. My Duracell batteries and finger nail clippers were taken from me today and it gave me pause for thought. I had a lot of pauses in the last few days. Life has not been the same. I share these thoughts as an initial reaction recognizing that it is always easy to take pot-shots at our leaders from the sidelines, and to have the insights they are missing when we are not in the middle of very difficult decisions. On the other hand, having worked for nearly 20 years as a mediator and proponent of nonviolent change in situations around the globe where cycles of deep violence seem hell-bent on perpetuating themselves, and having interacted with people and movements who at the core of their identity find ways of justifying their part in the cycle, I feel responsible to try to bring ideas to the search for solutions. With this in mind I should like to pen several observations about what I have learned from my experiences and what they might suggest about the current situation. I believe this starts by naming several key challenges and then asking what is the nature of a creative response that takes these seriously in the pursuit of genuine, durable, and peaceful change.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Titi Mariah ◽  
Yanti Yusanti ◽  
Ula Nisa El Fauziah

Vocabulary known as an essential skill for learning to read, speak, write and listen. It is important to find the appropriate technique in order to improve students’ vocabulary mastery. The researchers did research with focuses on students’ perception towards using “dictionary pocket” in order to improve their vocabulary mastery. It was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method. To collect the data, the researchers use the instruments of an open-ended questionnaire and interview section. The samples were 36 students of second grade from Broadcasting major at SMK Negeri 1 Cimahi. The result of the questionnaire shows that it was found that almost all of the students feel that with learn vocabulary can be easier when they use the technique of remembering dictionary pocket. They also agree that dictionary pocket is an appropriate technique which is used to learn vocabulary. In the other hand, the result of interview shows, the students concede that they are feel helped and being motivated. It can be sum up that dictionary pocket is suitable to strengthen their vocabulary mastery. Dictionary pocket is useful enough because it can help them when they forget the word.


2013 ◽  
pp. 115-135
Author(s):  
I.M. Boguslavskij

We consider Russian coordinative constructions with paired conjunctions, such as i?i ?both?and?, ili?ili ?either?or?, ni?ni ?neither?nor?, ne tol'ko?no i ?not only?but also?, ne?a ?not?but?, etc. The paper presents a class of syntactic constructions, so-called asymmetric constructions, which are interesting in several respects. They are closely related to coordinative constructions, although they do not share their principal property - the identity of syntactic functions of coordinated elements. They take up an intermediate position between standard syntax and ungrammaticality. On the one hand, the sentence is within the grammatical norm. On the other hand, its structure underwent a deformation that left a trace. We propose a description that accounts for their closeness to and difference from standard - symmetric - constructions. Symmetric constructions with paired conjunctions are convenient to describe as a result of two transformations occurring in the semantic structure: Deletion and Transfer. Asymmetric constructions are obtained when only one of these transformations is applied. Accordingly, two subclasses of asymmetric constructions can be distinguished - ?Deletion-Without-Transfer? constructions and ?Transfer-Without-Deletion? constructions. The latter class has a strong pragmatic marking. The core of this class are ?failed? symmetric constructions. The speaker begins to build a symmetric construction but faces an obstacle of syntactic nature, which prevents him from completing this plan. ?Transfer-Without-Deletion? constructions constitute a legalized way of overcoming syntactic conflicts.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-63
Author(s):  
Stefania Kolarz

Since the late 80s, the Armenian inhabitants of Nagorno-Karabakh, a region situated within the internationally recognised borders of the Republic of Azerbaijan, have been struggling for creating their own state – the Republic of Artsakh. The fact that this self-proclaimed entity was not recognised by any of the international actors has not prevented it from constantly committing to intervene on the international plane, separately from Yerevan and Baku. For instance, it is the co-signatory of the Bishkek Protocol. On the other hand, it was refused participation in the core undertaking of the international community designed to settle the dispute – the OSCE Minsk process. The aforementioned situation raises the question as to who shall act as a legal representative of this quasi-state on the international plane? Azerbaijan, as the official centre of authority within the region, Armenia, or rather the separatist government of Nagorno-Karabakh?


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 32988
Author(s):  
Rafael Zaccaron

Although repetition is at the core of many different approaches to language learning, either implicitly or not, using this pedagogic practice in the additional language classroom is still negatively perceived by some teachers (Bygate and Samuda, 2005). For contemporary research, on the other hand, the use ofrepetition is not incongruous with communicative additional language teaching approaches that bring the use of tasks to the forefront. The use of immediate repeated tasks can benefit learners because it allows the possibility of repeating slightly altered tasks in a meaningful way. Bearing this in mind, this paper describes three immediate repetition tasks that focus on the speaking skill aiming at developing both fluency and accuracy. All are inherently suited for the additional language classroom and can be easily adapted to better suit specific contexts.


Author(s):  
Harry Brighouse ◽  
Adam Swift

This chapter sets out the ways in which the family might be thought to pose problems for the liberal framework, and defends the adoption of that framework from the objection that it simply cannot do justice to—or, perhaps, fails adequately to care about—the ethically significant phenomena attending parent–child relationships. On the one hand, liberalism takes individuals to be the fundamental objects of moral concern, and the rights it claims people have are primarily rights of individuals over their own lives: the core liberal idea is that it is important for individuals to exercise their own judgment about how they are to live. On the other hand, parental rights are rights over others, they are rights over others who have no realistic exit option, and they are rights over others whose capacity to make their own judgments about how they are to live their lives is no less important than that of the adults raising them.


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