scholarly journals Effective Power Transmission By Means of Air Compressor, Air Turbine System and Solar Concentrators

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 411-415
Author(s):  
Harikrishnan R ◽  
K.C James
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Effective Power ◽  
Air Compressor ◽  
Load Power ◽  
Air Turbine

Usually Electrical Power is generated in large scale using Air Compressors and Gas Turbine Systems. This type of Power plants is usually used as Peak load Power Plants. These Power Plants can assist in various power generation process along with base load power plants like Thermal Power Plants, Combined cycle power plants etc. Here in this Research paper, a new method of Power generation is being discussed. It utilizes an Air Compressor-Air Turbine System for Electrical Power generation by means of effective power transmission. This method is simple and less costly. It requires less space and less skilled laborer. It can be used in Stand by and Emergency power generation systems. An ANN model is carried out which gives satisfactory working conditions. The cost analysis is being carried out by considering small capacity and micro power production conditions. The efficiency attained during this method of power generation is around 55%. By incorporating large macro energy systems, we can produce more power output and also generate more electrical power. By considering all these factors it can be considered as a very good working model.

Strategies for Integration of Advanced Gas and Steam Turbines in Power Generation Applications

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin J. Zachary
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Turbine Cooling ◽  
Removal Technologies

Combined cycle power plants (CCPPs) using fossil fuel generate the cleanest and most efficient form of electrical power. CCPP technologies have evolved significantly in providing better, more cost-effective products: gas turbines (GTs), steam turbines (STs), heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs), heat sinks, pollutant removal technologies, balance of plant (BOP), water treatment and fuel treatment equipment, etc. A major reason for these improvements was the introduction of the G and H technologies for gas turbines, in which an inseparable thermodynamic and physical link was created between the primary and secondary power generation systems by using steam instead of air, in a closed loop to perform most (or all) turbine cooling activities.

Sequential Combustion in Ansaldo Energia Gas Turbines: The Technology Enabler for CO2-Free, Highly Efficient Power Production Based on Hydrogen

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Ciani ◽  
John P. Wood ◽  
Anders Wickström ◽  
Geir J. Rørtveit ◽  
Rosetta Steeneveldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Today gas turbines and combined cycle power plants play an important role in power generation and in the light of increasing energy demand, their role is expected to grow alongside renewables. In addition, the volatility of renewables in generating and dispatching power entails a new focus on electricity security. This reinforces the importance of gas turbines in guaranteeing grid reliability by compensating for the intermittency of renewables. In order to achieve the Paris Agreement’s goals, power generation must be decarbonized. This is where hydrogen produced from renewables or with CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) comes into play, allowing totally CO2-free combustion. Hydrogen features the unique capability to store energy for medium to long storage cycles and hence could be used to alleviate seasonal variations of renewable power generation. The importance of hydrogen for future power generation is expected to increase due to several factors: the push for CO2-free energy production is calling for various options, all resulting in the necessity of a broader fuel flexibility, in particular accommodating hydrogen as a future fuel feeding gas turbines and combined cycle power plants. Hydrogen from methane reforming is pursued, with particular interest within energy scenarios linked with carbon capture and storage, while the increased share of renewables requires the storage of energy for which hydrogen is the best candidate. Compared to natural gas the main challenge of hydrogen combustion is its increased reactivity resulting in a decrease of engine performance for conventional premix combustion systems. The sequential combustion technology used within Ansaldo Energia’s GT36 and GT26 gas turbines provides for extra freedom in optimizing the operation concept. This sequential combustion technology enables low emission combustion at high temperatures with particularly high fuel flexibility thanks to the complementarity between its first stage, stabilized by flame propagation and its second (sequential) stage, stabilized by auto-ignition. With this concept, gas turbines are envisaged to be able to provide reliable, dispatchable, CO2-free electric power. In this paper, an overview of hydrogen production (grey, blue, and green hydrogen), transport and storage are presented targeting a CO2-free energy system based on gas turbines. A detailed description of the test infrastructure, handling of highly reactive fuels is given with specific aspects of the large amounts of hydrogen used for the full engine pressure tests. Based on the results discussed at last year’s Turbo Expo (Bothien et al. GT2019-90798), further high pressure test results are reported, demonstrating how sequential combustion with novel operational concepts is able to achieve the lowest emissions, highest fuel and operational flexibility, for very high combustor exit temperatures (H-class) with unprecedented hydrogen contents.

The Elephant in the Room–Gas Turbine Power

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (12) ◽  
pp. 57-57
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electric Power Industry ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Electrical Generator ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust

This article presents an overview of gas turbine combined cycle (CCGT) power plants. Modern CCGT power plants are producing electric power as high as half a gigawatt with thermal efficiencies approaching the 60% mark. In a CCGT power plant, the gas turbine is the key player, driving an electrical generator. Heat from the hot gas turbine exhaust is recovered in a heat recovery steam generator, to generate steam, which drives a steam turbine to generate more electrical power. Thus, it is a combined power plant burning one unit of fuel to supply two sources of electrical power. Most of these CCGT plants burn natural gas, which has the lowest carbon content of any other hydrocarbon fuel. Their near 60% thermal efficiencies lower fuel costs by almost half compared to other gas-fired power plants. Their installed capital cost is the lowest in the electric power industry. Moreover, environmental permits, necessary for new plant construction, are much easier to obtain for CCGT power plants.

Risk Analysis and Safety Evaluation on Combustion System of Gas-Steam Combined Cycle Power Plant

2014 ◽  
Vol 533 ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Qiang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Toxicity Index ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Product Gas ◽  
Gas Poisoning

Under the general policy of the national energy-saving emission reduction and sustainable development, the domestic iron and steel enterprises surge in the by-product gas power generation project. There exist many dangerous and harmful factors in by-product steel gas power generation process and which easily caused casualties and the pollution of the environment. The study on risk analysis and evaluation are still relatively dearth about the by-product gas generating process of domestic steel enterprises. The boiler system on a Combined Cycle Power Plant was analyzed and evaluation by ICI/MOND fire and explosion toxicity index method and the method of fault tree analysis, which combined with the actual situation of steel plant Combined Cycle Power Plant. The results show that the combustion system is more dangerous, and the hazard index levels are reduced to lower level after safety compensatory measures except the unit toxicity index higher. The shielding device or gas alarm failure was the main cause of gas poisoning. According to the analysis some feasible measures was put forward. The study has positive guiding significance for risk management and safety administration decision of the Combined Cycle Power Plant.

300 MW Combined-Cycle Plant With Integrated Coal Gasification

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf H. Kehlhofer
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
The Individual

In the past 15 years the combined-cycle (gas/steam turbine) power plant has come into its own in the power generation market. Today, approximately 30 000 MW of power are already installed or being built as combined-cycle units. Combined-cycle plants are therefore a proven technology, showing not only impressive thermal efficiency ratings of up to 50 percent in theory, but also proving them in practice and everyday operation (1) (2). Combined-cycle installations can be used for many purposes. They range from power plants for power generation only, to cogeneration plants for district heating or combined cycles with maximum additional firing (3). The main obstacle to further expansion of the combined cycle principle is its lack of fuel flexibility. To this day, gas turbines are still limited to gaseous or liquid fuels. This paper shows a viable way to add a cheap solid fuel, coal, to the list. The plant system in question is a 2 × 150 MW combined-cycle plant of BBC Brown Boveri with integrated coal gasification plant of British Gas/Lurgi. The main point of interest is that all the individual components of the power plant described in this paper have proven their worth commercially. It is therefore not a pilot plant but a viable commercial proposition.

Enhancing Gas Turbine Operation With Heavy Fuel Oil

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Muralidharan ◽  
Matthieu Vierling
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Hydro Power

Power generation in south Asia has witnessed a steep fall due to the shortage of natural gas supplies for power plants and poor water storage in reservoirs for low hydro power generation. Due to the current economic scenario, there is worldwide pressure to secure and make more gas and oil available to support global power needs. With constrained fuel sources and increasing environmental focus, the quest for higher efficiency would be imminent. Natural gas combined cycle plants operate at a very high efficiency, increasing the demand for gas. At the same time, countries may continue to look for alternate fuels such as coal and liquid fuels, including crude and residual oil, to increase energy stability and security. In over the past few decades, the technology for refining crude oil has gone through a significant transformation. With the advanced refining process, there are additional lighter distillates produced from crude that could significantly change the quality of residual oil used for producing heavy fuel. Using poor quality residual fuel in a gas turbine to generate power could have many challenges with regards to availability and efficiency of a gas turbine. The fuel needs to be treated prior to combustion and needs a frequent turbine cleaning to recover the lost performance due to fouling. This paper will discuss GE’s recently developed gas turbine features, including automatic water wash, smart cooldown and model based control (MBC) firing temperature control. These features could significantly increase availability and improve the average performance of heavy fuel oil (HFO). The duration of the gas turbine offline water wash sequence and the rate of output degradation due to fouling can be considerably reduced.

Earthquake Experience Data Point to Benefit of Diverse Backup Power

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Calhoun ◽  
Mark A. Gake
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
Common Mode ◽  
Failure Risk ◽  
Diesel Generators ◽  
The Individual

Operating nuclear power plants typically have backup electrical power supplied by diesel generators. Although backup power systems are designed with redundant trains, each capable of supplying the power requirements for safe shutdown equipment, there is a common-mode seismic failure risk inherent in these customary backup power arrangements. In an earthquake, multiple equipment trains with similar, if not identical, components located side-by-side are exposed to inertial forces that are essentially identical. In addition, because of their similar subcomponent configurations, seismic fragilities are approximately equal. In that case, the probability of multiple backup power system failures during an earthquake is likely to be dependent on, and nearly the same as, the individual seismic failure probability of each equipment train. Post-earthquake inspections at conventional multiple unit power stations over the last 40 years identified this common-mode seismic failure risk long before the tsunami-related common-mode failures of diesel generators at Fukushima Daiichi in March 2011. Experience data from post-earthquake inspections also indicate that failure probabilities of diverse sets of power generation equipment are independent and inherently less susceptible to common-mode failures. This paper demonstrates that employing diverse backup power designs will deliver quantifiable improvements in electrical system availability following an earthquake. These improvements are illustrated from available literature of post-earthquake inspection reports, along with other firsthand observations. A case study of the seismic performance of similarly configured electrical power generation systems is compared to the performance of diverse sets of electrical power systems. Seismic probabilistic risk analyses for several system configurations are presented to show the benefit of improved post-earthquake availability that results from designing new backup power systems with greater diversity.

scholarly journals Stream Learning in Energy IoT Systems: A Case Study in Combined Cycle Power Plants

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus L. Lobo ◽  
Igor Ballesteros ◽  
Izaskun Oregi ◽  
Javier Del Ser ◽  
Sancho Salcedo-Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Power Prediction ◽  
New Information ◽  
Power And Energy Systems ◽  
Power And Energy

The prediction of electrical power produced in combined cycle power plants is a key challenge in the electrical power and energy systems field. This power production can vary depending on environmental variables, such as temperature, pressure, and humidity. Thus, the business problem is how to predict the power production as a function of these environmental conditions, in order to maximize the profit. The research community has solved this problem by applying Machine Learning techniques, and has managed to reduce the computational and time costs in comparison with the traditional thermodynamical analysis. Until now, this challenge has been tackled from a batch learning perspective, in which data is assumed to be at rest, and where models do not continuously integrate new information into already constructed models. We present an approach closer to the Big Data and Internet of Things paradigms, in which data are continuously arriving and where models learn incrementally, achieving significant enhancements in terms of data processing (time, memory and computational costs), and obtaining competitive performances. This work compares and examines the hourly electrical power prediction of several streaming regressors, and discusses about the best technique in terms of time processing and predictive performance to be applied on this streaming scenario.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic and Techno-Economic Analyses of a Combined Cycle Power Plant With a Simple Cycle Gas Turbine, the Bottoming Air Turbine Cycle and the Reverse Brayton Cycle

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Shnaid
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Cycle System ◽  
Air Turbine ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Economic Analyses

The modem combined cycle power plants achieved thermal efficiency of 50–55% by applying bottoming multistage Rankine steam cycle. At the same time, the Brayton cycle is an attractive option for a bottoming cycle engine. In the author’s US Patent No. 5,442,904 is described a combined cycle system with a simple cycle gas turbine, the bottoming air turbine Brayton cycle, and the reverse Brayton cycle. In this system, air turbine Brayton cycle produces mechanic power using exergy of gas turbine exhaust gases, while the reverse Brayton cycle refrigerates gas turbine inlet air. Using this system, supercharging of gas turbine compressor becomes possible. In the paper, thermodynamic optimization of the system is done, and the system techno-economic characteristics are evaluated.

Cycling Tolerance: Natural Circulation Vertical HRSGs

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Fontaine
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Natural Circulation ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Load Following ◽  
To Come

The US market is currently making a double jump in its HRSG requirements. Heretofore, HRSGs were used largely in industrial size cogen applications. According to the PURPA (Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act), public utilities were required to purchase that electric power generated in excess of the steam host’s needs. Thus, HRSGs were relatively small and operated under constant conditions. Now, HRSGs are much larger (utility size) and also more complex due to the introduction of triple pressure plus reheat behind powerful heavy duty gas turbines. With the onset of deregulation and consequent merchant power, combined cycle plants are now required to supply electrical power to the grid as and when needed with consequent day/night and weekday/weekend cycling. Those merchant plants have to come on and off line with minimal notice and be run sometimes at partial loads. Even units which were originally designed for base load are all eventually forced to cycle as new more efficient power plants are built. Thus, substantial changes in basic HRSG design are needed to cope with these changes. Coincidentally, the types of service projected for USA HRSGs have been in effect in Europe for over two decades. For this reason, European HRSG manufacturers/operators have adopted cycling tolerant Vertical HRSGs based on designs which permit the tubes to expand/contract freely and independently of one another, as distinguished from the more rigid horizontal gas pass design. Thus, fatigue stresses related to load following swings are minimized. This is just an illustration of the specific features of the Vertical European HRSGs for minimizing damages due to cycling related fatigue stresses. Vertical HRSG design shall be considered not only in terms of smaller footprint, but also as a solution to cycling related problems. As generally recognized, the cycling criterion is an integral part of HRSG design. This paper presents solutions to HRSG design issues for cycling tolerant operation. It relates to published data on problems observed with cycling Horizontal HRSGs, and it describes how these problems can be overcome. Concepts, design features and calculation methods applied to cycling tolerant HRSGs are reviewed in detail. Vertical HRSGs have been criticized because of their need for circulation pumps. Interestingly, the need for such pumps was eliminated a decade ago, with the advent of natural circulation for Vertical HRSGs up to 1800 psia (124 bar A) operating pressure.

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