scholarly journals Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSANs): Insights and Scope of Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1607-1615
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Qos Parameters ◽  
Insight Into

Recent years are witnessing the growth of different kinds of networks including Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSANs). WSANs are self-configured and ad-hoc natured networks without any permanent infrastructure that consists of numerous sensor nodes and few actuator nodes that can collaboratively monitor the characteristics of physical and environmental conditions like vibration, sound, temperature, pressure, motion or pollutants, and determine an appropriate action to take depending upon the sensed data, thereby changing the state of the field of interest by performing the suitable action in it. We can say it as an advancement of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with the inclusion of actuating component. Along with the existing research challenges of WSNs, the WSANs have many additional research challenges to be addressed. This paper gives an insight into the scope of ongoing and future research in the aspect of preserving temporal relationship among the events, restoring the connectivity in case of node failures, need for QoS parameters, along with several operational details of WSANs.

scholarly journals Time-selective data fusion for in-network processing in ad hoc wireless sensor networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 155014771881130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaanus Kaugerand ◽  
Johannes Ehala ◽  
Leo Mõtus ◽  
Jürgo-Sören Preden
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Data Fusion ◽  
Data Streams ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Temporal Consistency ◽  
Variable Delays

This article introduces a time-selective strategy for enhancing temporal consistency of input data for multi-sensor data fusion for in-network data processing in ad hoc wireless sensor networks. Detecting and handling complex time-variable (real-time) situations require methodical consideration of temporal aspects, especially in ad hoc wireless sensor network with distributed asynchronous and autonomous nodes. For example, assigning processing intervals of network nodes, defining validity and simultaneity requirements for data items, determining the size of memory required for buffering the data streams produced by ad hoc nodes and other relevant aspects. The data streams produced periodically and sometimes intermittently by sensor nodes arrive to the fusion nodes with variable delays, which results in sporadic temporal order of inputs. Using data from individual nodes in the order of arrival (i.e. freshest data first) does not, in all cases, yield the optimal results in terms of data temporal consistency and fusion accuracy. We propose time-selective data fusion strategy, which combines temporal alignment, temporal constraints and a method for computing delay of sensor readings, to allow fusion node to select the temporally compatible data from received streams. A real-world experiment (moving vehicles in urban environment) for validation of the strategy demonstrates significant improvement of the accuracy of fusion results.

Security of Wireless Sensor Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 2205-2230
Author(s):  
Mumtaz Qabulio ◽  
Yasir Arfat Malkani ◽  
Muhammad S. Memon ◽  
Ayaz Keerio
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Security Protocols ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Security Attacks ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Memory Space ◽  
Smart Transportation

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are comprised of large collections of small devices having low operating power, low memory space, and limited processing capabilities referred to as sensor nodes. The nodes in WSNs are capable of sensing, recording, and monitoring environmental conditions. Nowadays, a variety of WSNs applications can be found in many areas such as in healthcare, agriculture, industries, military, homes, offices, hospitals, smart transportation, and smart buildings. Though WSNs offer many useful applications, they suffer from many deployment issues. The security issue is one of them. The security of WSNs is considerable because of the use of unguided medium and their deployment in harsh, physically unprotected, and unattended environments. This chapter aims to discuss various security objectives and security attacks on WSNs and summarizes the discussed attacks according to their categories. The chapter also discusses different security protocols presented to prevent, detect, and recover the WSNs from various security attacks.

Mitigation of Hot Spots on Wireless Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 206-222
Author(s):  
Fernando Gielow ◽  
Michele Nogueira ◽  
Aldri Santos
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Traffic Pattern ◽  
Research Perspectives

The use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has increased over the past years, supporting applications such as environmental monitoring, security systems, and multimedia streaming. These networks are characterized by a many-to-one traffic pattern. Hence, sensor nodes near to the sink have higher energy consumption, being prone to earlier deaths and failures. Those areas overloaded with high traffic rates are called Hot Spots, and their emergence creates and expands energy holes that compromise network lifetime and data delivery rates, and may result in disconnected areas. This chapter provides an overview of techniques to mitigate Hot Spot impacts, such as the uneven distribution of sensors, routes that balance energy consumption, sink mobility, and the use of unequal clustering. Further, it depicts the approach for achieving mitigation of sink centered Hot Spots. Finally, this chapter presents conclusions and future research perspectives.

scholarly journals Sequential Monte Carlo Localization Methods in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar M. A. Abu Znaid ◽  
Mohd. Yamani Idna Idris ◽  
Ainuddin Wahid Abdul Wahab ◽  
Liana Khamis Qabajeh ◽  
Omar Adil Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Sequential Monte Carlo ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

The advancement of digital technology has increased the deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in our daily life. However, locating sensor nodes is a challenging task in WSNs. Sensing data without an accurate location is worthless, especially in critical applications. The pioneering technique in range-free localization schemes is a sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) method, which utilizes network connectivity to estimate sensor location without additional hardware. This study presents a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art SMC localization schemes. We present the schemes as a thematic taxonomy of localization operation in SMC. Moreover, the critical characteristics of each existing scheme are analyzed to identify its advantages and disadvantages. The similarities and differences of each scheme are investigated on the basis of significant parameters, namely, localization accuracy, computational cost, communication cost, and number of samples. We discuss the challenges and direction of the future research work for each parameter.

scholarly journals Prolonging the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review of Current Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia Engmann ◽  
Ferdinand Apietu Katsriku ◽  
Jamal-Deen Abdulai ◽  
Kofi Sarpong Adu-Manu ◽  
Frank Kataka Banaseka
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Management Techniques

There has been an increase in research interest in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) as a result of the potential for their widespread use in many different areas like home automation, security, environmental monitoring, and many more. Despite the successes gained, the widespread adoption of WSNs particularly in remote and inaccessible places where their use is most beneficial is hampered by the major challenge of limited energy, being in most instances battery powered. To prolong the lifetime for these energy hungry sensor nodes, energy management schemes have been proposed in the literature to keep the sensor nodes alive making the network more operational and efficient. Currently, emphasis has been placed on energy harvesting, energy transfer, and energy conservation methods as the primary means of maintaining the network lifetime. These energy management techniques are designed to balance the energy in the overall network. The current review presents the state of the art in the energy management schemes, the remaining challenges, and the open issues for future research work.

QoS in Wireless Sensor Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 53-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghalib A. Shah ◽  
Shaleeza Sohail ◽  
Faisal B. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Network Layers ◽  
Processing Abilities ◽  
Significant Research

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been envisioned as a new and effective means for creating and deploying previously unimaginable applications. These networks generally have the capabilities of observing the physical phenomena, communication, data processing and dissemination. Limited resources of sensor nodes like energy, bandwidth and processing abilities, make these networks excellent candidates for incorporating QoS framework. The possible applications of WSNs are numerous while being diverse in nature which makes analyzing and designing QoS support for each application a non-trivial task. At the same time, these applications require different type of QoS support from the network for optimum performance. A single layer cannot address all these issues, hence, numerous researchers have proposed protocols and architectures for QoS support at different network layers. In this chapter, the authors identify the generic QoS parameters which are usually supported at different layers of WSNs protocol stack and investigate their importance in different application models. A brief overview of significant research contribution at every network layer is provided. It is worthwhile to mention that same QoS parameter may be supported at multiple layers, hence, adequate selection of suitable mechanism would be application’s choice. On the other hand, it is quite possible that a single QoS parameter, such as energy conservation or real-time delivery, can be efficiently supported through interaction of multiple layers. It is difficult, if not impossible to optimize multi layer QoS architecture. Hence, a number of researchers have also proposed the idea of cross layer architecture for providing QoS support for a number of sensor applications, which is also discussed in this chapter. At the end, the authors highlight the open research issues that might be the focus of future research in this area.

QoS in Wireless Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 99-119
Author(s):  
Ghalib A. Shah ◽  
Shaleeza Sohail ◽  
Faisal B. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Network Layers ◽  
Processing Abilities ◽  
Significant Research

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been envisioned as a new and effective means for creating and deploying previously unimaginable applications. These networks generally have the capabilities of observing the physical phenomena, communication, data processing and dissemination. Limited resources of sensor nodes like energy, bandwidth and processing abilities, make these networks excellent candidates for incorporating QoS framework. The possible applications of WSNs are numerous while being diverse in nature which makes analyzing and designing QoS support for each application a non-trivial task. At the same time, these applications require different type of QoS support from the network for optimum performance. A single layer cannot address all these issues, hence, numerous researchers have proposed protocols and architectures for QoS support at different network layers. In this chapter, the authors identify the generic QoS parameters which are usually supported at different layers of WSNs protocol stack and investigate their importance in different application models. A brief overview of significant research contribution at every network layer is provided. It is worthwhile to mention that same QoS parameter may be supported at multiple layers, hence, adequate selection of suitable mechanism would be application’s choice. On the other hand, it is quite possible that a single QoS parameter, such as energy conservation or real-time delivery, can be efficiently supported through interaction of multiple layers. It is difficult, if not impossible to optimize multi layer QoS architecture. Hence, a number of researchers have also proposed the idea of cross layer architecture for providing QoS support for a number of sensor applications, which is also discussed in this chapter. At the end, the authors highlight the open research issues that might be the focus of future research in this area.

Distributed Group Security for Wireless Sensor Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 310-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Hernández-Serrano ◽  
Juan Vera-del-Campo ◽  
Josep Pegueroles ◽  
Miguel Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Group Key Management ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Distributed Monitoring ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Group Life

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are made up of large groups of sensor nodes that usually perform distributed monitoring services. These services are often cooperative and interchange sensitive data, so communications within the group of sensor nodes must be secured. Group key management (GKM) protocols appeared, and were broadly studied, in order to ensure the privacy and authentication throughout the group life. However, GKM for WSNs is already challenging due to the exposed nature of wireless media, the constrained resources of sensor nodes, and the need of ad-hoc self-organization in many scenarios. In this chapter we present the basis of GKM and its state-of-the art for WSNs. We analyze the current non-resolved topics and we present a GKM proposal that solves some of these topics: it minimizes both the rekeying costs when the group membership changes and the routing cost within the group.

Wireless Sensor Networks

2011 ◽  
pp. 273-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdal Cayirci
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Cooperative Effort ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Processing Abilities ◽  
Data Realization

A wireless sensor network is deployed either inside the phenomenon or very close to it. Unlike some existing sensing techniques, the position of sensor network nodes need not be engineered or predetermined. This allows random deployment in inaccessible terrains. On the other hand, this also means that sensor network protocols and algorithms must possess self-organizing capabilities. Another unique feature of sensor networks is the cooperative effort of sensor nodes. Sensor network nodes are fitted with an onboard processor. Instead of sending the raw data to the nodes responsible for the fusion, sensor network nodes use their processing abilities to locally carry out simple computations and transmit only the required and partially processed data. Realization of sensor networks requires wireless ad hoc networking techniques. In this chapter, we present a survey of protocols and algorithms proposed thus far for wireless sensor networks. Our aim is to provide a better understanding of the current research issues in this field. We also attempt an investigation into understanding design constraints and outline the use of certain tools to meet the design objectives.

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