scholarly journals Multistage Energy Efficient Cooperative Routing Technique for Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 5034-5038
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Energy Balancing ◽  
Cooperative Model ◽  
Cooperative Routing

In the recent years cooperative communication and routing has drawn the attention of the researchers primarily on the energy efficacy aspect in a general wireless networks. The lifetime of the network and energy utilization need to be improved in wireless communication network. The cooperative model has proved to be one of the best techniques for enhancement of network lifetime and also energy balancing among the nodes in wireless networks. In this research article proposes a novel multistage energy efficient cooperative routing technique which enhances the lifetime and energy efficiency. The multistage cooperative model is designed to find the set of neighboring nodes which cooperatively participate for transmission. Later the cost of link matrix is calculated for those set of cooperative nodes. The multistage cooperative routing mechanism is proposed based on multistage cooperative model and optimal link cost to minimize the routing cost. The simulation results of the proposed scheme shows that, it has enhanced energy efficiency and the lifetime of network for various number of performance metrics. The results obtained may be compared with the existing techniques.

scholarly journals A New Green Prospective of Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) for 5G

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishaka Basnayake ◽  
Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody ◽  
Vishal Sharma ◽  
Nikhil Sharma ◽  
P. Muthuchidambaranathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Mobile Cellular ◽  
Access Scheme ◽  
Data Rates

Energy efficiency is a major concern in the emerging mobile cellular wireless networks since massive connectivity is to be expected with high energy requirements from the network operators. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) being the frontier multiple access scheme for 5G, there exists numerous research attempts on enhancing the energy efficiency of NOMA enabled wireless networks while maintaining its outstanding performance metrics such as high throughput, data rates and capacity maximized optimally.The concept of green NOMA is introduced in a generalized manner to identify the energy efficient NOMA schemes. These schemes will result in an optimal scenario in which the energy generated for communication is managed sustainably. Hence, the effect on the environment, economy, living beings, etc is minimized. The recent research developments are classified for a better understanding of areas which are lacking attention and needs further improvement. Also, the performance comparison of energy efficient, NOMA schemes against conventional NOMA is presented. Finally, challenges and emerging research trends, for energy efficient NOMA are discussed.

GPS Aided GEO Augmented Navigation Enabled Energy Efficient Routing for Mobile Ad-hoc Wireless Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Neeraj Verma ◽  
Kuber Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Ad Hoc Wireless Networks ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Energy is a critical issue in Mobile Ad-hoc Network. Nodes in Network are working in presence of limited or less energy due to dynamic nature of nodes or infrastructure less network. MANET has no infrastructure so nodes in MANET work on dynamic routing. In this way, energy proficient routing is required for reducing energy utilization. Energy proficient routing plans can extraordinarily reduce energy utilization and augments the lifetime of the networks. Scalability of Ad Hoc Networks can be enhanced by using land data, for example, in LAR, GPSR etc. They utilize physical area data; regularly from GPS (Global Positioning System).GPS empowers a gadget to decide their position as in longitude, Latitude and Altitude by getting this data from the satellites. There has been significant effort in proposing energy efficient routing protocols with the help of GAGAN (GPS Aided GEO Augmented Navigation) which have accuracy to approx One meter in India or its neighbor countries. GAGAN is a route framework which is helped by both GPS and nearby telemetry information to possibly give quicker and more exact situating and navigational information.

scholarly journals Abstract ACO-EEAODR: An Ant-Swarm Inspired Energy-Efficient Ad Hoc On-Demand Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqas Shah
Keyword(s):  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Demand Routing

As the world’s economic activities are expanding, the energy comes to the fore to the question of the sustainable growth in all technological areas, including wireless mobile networking. Energyaware routing schemes for wireless networks have spurred a great deal of recent research towards achieving this goal. Recently, an energy-aware routing protocol for MANETs (so-called energy-efficient ad hoc on-demand routing protocol (EEAODR) for MANETs was proposed, in which the energy load among nodes is balanced so that a minimum energy level is maintained and the resulting network lifetime is increased. In this paper, an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) inspired approach to EEAODR (ACO-EEAODR) is proposed. To the best of our knowledge, no attempts have been made so far in this direction. Simulation results are provided, demonstrating that the ACO-EEAODR outperforms the EEAODR scheme in terms of energy consumed and network lifetime, chosen as performance metrics.

scholarly journals A Survey on the Noncooperative Environment in Smart Nodes-Based Ad Hoc Networks: Motivations and Solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Muhammad Altaf Khan ◽  
Moustafa M. Nasralla ◽  
Muhammad Muneer Umar ◽  
Zeeshan Iqbal ◽  
Ghani Ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Selfish Nodes ◽  
Selfish Behavior ◽  
Work Distribution ◽  
Hoc Networks

In ad hoc networks, the communication is usually made through multiple hops by establishing an environment of cooperation and coordination among self-operated nodes. Such nodes typically operate with a set of finite and scarce energy, processing, bandwidth, and storage resources. Due to the cooperative environment in such networks, nodes may consume additional resources by giving relaying services to other nodes. This aspect in such networks coined the situation of noncooperative behavior by some or all the nodes. Moreover, nodes sometimes do not cooperate with others due to their social likeness or their mobility. Noncooperative or selfish nodes can last for a longer time by preserving their resources for their own operations. However, such nodes can degrade the network's overall performance in terms of lower data gathering and information exchange rates, unbalanced work distribution, and higher end-to-end delays. This work surveys the main roots for motivating nodes to adapt selfish behavior and the solutions for handling such nodes. Different schemes are introduced to handle selfish nodes in wireless ad hoc networks. Various types of routing techniques have been introduced to target different types of ad hoc networks having support for keeping misbehaving or selfish nodes. The major solutions for such scenarios can be trust-, punishment-, and stimulation-based mechanisms. Some key protocols are simulated and analyzed for getting their performance metrics to compare their effectiveness.

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