Quantum thermodynamics in the no-measurement scheme: driven two-level atom and harmonic oscillator

The two-point measurement and no-measurement schemes are reviewed briefly. The quantum thermodynamics of a driven harmonic oscillator and a two-level atom in an external light field are investigated in the framework of the no-measurement scheme. The work distribution functions and the modified quantum Jarzynski theorem are obtained and discussed.

Work fluctuations in the active Ornstein–Uhlenbeck particle model

We study the large deviations of the power injected by the active force for an active Ornstein–Uhlenbeck particle (AOUP), free or in a confining potential. For the free-particle case, we compute the rate function analytically in d-dimensions from a saddle-point expansion, and numerically in two dimensions by (a) direct sampling of the active work in numerical solutions of the AOUP equations and (b) Legendre–Fenchel transform of the scaled cumulant generating function obtained via a cloning algorithm. The rate function presents asymptotically linear branches on both sides and it is independent of the system’s dimensionality, apart from a multiplicative factor. For the confining potential case, we focus on two-dimensional systems and obtain the rate function numerically using both methods (a) and (b). We find a different scenario for harmonic and anharmonic potentials: in the former case, the phenomenology of fluctuations is analogous to that of a free particle, but the rate function might be non-analytic; in the latter case the rate functions are analytic, but fluctuations are realised by entirely different means, which rely strongly on the particle-potential interaction. Finally, we check the validity of a fluctuation relation for the active work distribution. In the free-particle case, the relation is satisfied with a slope proportional to the bath temperature. The same slope is found for the harmonic potential, regardless of activity, and for an anharmonic potential with low activity. In the anharmonic case with high activity, instead, we find a different slope which is equal to an effective temperature obtained from the fluctuation–dissipation theorem.

The Motivations and Barriers of Teachers’ Professional Development Activities during the Movement Control Order (MCO) – A Preliminary Insight

Due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) or COVID-19 pandemic, the education sector in Malaysia opted for the practice of online communication as a new norm. However, even during the pandemic, teachers in Malaysia are obliged to involve with professional development (henceforth, PD) activities for at least 42 hours annually. This article is prepared from a preliminary study to report the motivating factors and barriers on teachers’ PD activities during Malaysia’s Movement Control Order (henceforth, MCO). Also, this article studied the prevalence and trend of the teachers’ online communication during the period. A survey was conducted as a pilot study on 35 teachers from Sri Laksamana Primary School (henceforth, SLPS) in Melaka. The data gained were analysed descriptively using the SPSS software. In general, the results indicate that teachers are motivated to involve with online PD activities by getting rewarded with annual performance evaluation marks, which is beneficial for their career mileage. Next, the most significant barrier for their online PD is time limitation due to other workloads. In conclusion, even though the teachers are well-accepting online PD activities, teachers should be given a higher portion of evaluation marks regarding their annual PD involvement than the current five per cent portion. Next, the school’s administrators should act on teachers’ work distribution issues that became the main challenge for effective online PD, thus creating a favourable working ecosystem.

Custom Arrangements

Custom arrangements are: (a) derivative works, generally musical arrangements, based upon preexisting copyrighted musical works, (b) reproduced in the form of sheet music copies, and (c) distributed to specific third-party performance ensembles. Arrangers who create custom arrangements are able to utilize software and Internet services to create such arrangements physically and digitally and distribute them physically and via file sharing. This chapter explores the legal framework and justification for custom arrangement licensing under American law, with a focus on the reproduction, derivative work, distribution, and display rights afforded to copyright owners. Differences between physical and digital sheet music are noted where relevant. The chapter also addresses both practical and normative arguments encountered in the world of custom arrangement licensing and concludes with brief commentary on the custom arrangement licensing process.

Co-Management in Mangrove Rehabilitation at Langkat Regency

Collaboration in the management of mangrove areas is a role for every social element in local government, the community, and the private sector. Co-management is an alternative solution in the form of management that integrates the roles and interests of everyone in the mangrove rehabilitation program. This study aims to analyze the role and level of influence of the interests of each actor in mangrove rehabilitation activities in Langkat Regency. The research method uses descriptive-qualitative data collected from the results of questionnaires, interviews; Field observations are processed in the form described in the description in the tabulation. From the results of this study, the form of joint management in mangrove rehabilitation is at a consultative stage where the government starts to consider local views in the decision-making process, the level of participation of each stakeholder is in a low category, so this Study recommends that the form of participation of each stakeholder can be improved through the form of joint regulations, sustainability programs and systematic work distribution that is disseminated to every implementer of mangrove rehabilitation programs in Langkat District.

Menelisik Pengelolaan Human Capital di Dunia Bisnis dalam Era New Normal: Studi Kasus pada Generasi Milenial di Bali

<em>This study analyzes strategies that can be used in managing human capital in the millennial generation in the current new normal era and to find out the supporting and inhibiting factors in managing human capital during the covid-19 pandemic. The research method used is a qualitative research method with a case study model approach. The research location is in Denpasar City, Bali Province. The selection of informants used the purposive sampling technique by determining four companies from various fields as informants, namely Garment, Vila, Cargo, and University. Data in this study analyzes the results of observations, interviews, and documentation obtained. Data analysis uses source triangulation through four stages: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. The study results stated that the human capital management strategy for millennial employees in the new normal era had been affected on two sides. First, from the company side were the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on decreasing company income and reducing operational activities. For this reason, changes are made, such as dividing work schedules and hours. Employee work, distribution of the rolling system, some employees work from home (WFH), and maximize employee skills into multitasking. Meanwhile, from the employee's perspective, it impacts the income of the employee, where employees receive a much-reduced salary or income, even if they are dismissed at any time to reduce operational costs.</em>

Soft tissue deformations explain most of the mechanical work variations of human walking

Humans perform mechanical work during walking, some by leg joints actuated by muscles, and some by passive, dissipative soft tissues. Dissipative losses must be restored by active muscle work, potentially in amounts sufficient to cost substantial metabolic energy. The most dissipative, and therefore costly, walking conditions might be predictable from the pendulum-like dynamics of the legs. If this behavior is systematic, it may also predict the work distribution between active joints and passive soft tissues. We therefore tested whether the overall negative work of walking, and the fraction due to soft tissue dissipation, are both predictable by a simple dynamic walking model across a wide range of conditions. The model predicts whole-body negative work from the leading leg's impact with ground (termed the Collision), to increase with the squared product of walking speed and step length. We experimentally tested this in humans (N=9) walking in 26 different combinations of speed (0.7 – 2.0 m·s−1) and step length (0.5 – 1.1 m), with recorded motions and ground reaction forces. Whole-body negative Collision work increased as predicted (R2=0.73), with a consistent fraction of about 63% (R2=0.88) due to soft tissues. Soft tissue dissipation consistently accounted for about 56% of the variation in total whole-body negative work, across a wide range of speed and step length combinations. During typical walking, active work to restore dissipative losses could account for 31% of the net metabolic cost. Soft tissue dissipation, not included in most biomechanical studies, explains most of the variation in negative work of walking, and could account for a substantial fraction of the metabolic cost.

The Effect of Patient Acuity Tool on Patient Clinical Practicum Assignments on Nursing Student Satisfaction Levels: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Unequal patient assignment is a problem of nursing students during clinical practicum. Registered nurses use patient acuity to ensure balanced work distribution, but its benefits has not been assessed on student nurses to date. The study’s objective is to determine the effect of patient acuity tool on student nurses’ satisfaction level during practicum. The study utilized quasi-experimental design to level II and III nursing students at a University in Quezon City, Philippines. 6-Module Online course including videos, notes, and quiz using Google Classroom was used; orientation and simulation were conducted through Zoom and Facebook Messenger. The participants were tasked randomly to use Patient Acuity Tool or conventional method during patient distribution. A modified Kuopio University Hospital Job Satisfaction Scale was used to identify and compare satisfaction levels of the two groups. Descriptive and Independent Samples T-test using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26 were used to analyze data. Requiring factors, motivating factors, and working welfare of students utilizing Patient Acuity Tool are higher in overall mean satisfaction rate (3.36, 3.71, 3.89 vs 3.57, 3.81, 3.91); however, mean satisfaction showed no significant difference based on indicators (p-value 0.372, 0.694, 0.052, 0.921, and 0.469) and overall satisfaction (p-value 0.947). The requiring factors of work reflects the lowest mean scores given by those who have used the Conventional Method focusing on number of staff (2.97) and even workload distribution (2.14). Contrary to the last result, those who have distributed patients using the Patient Acuity Tools gave a mean score of 3.55.