scholarly journals Feasibility Evaluation of Micro-Hydropower System Generation for Different Types of Sewage Treatment Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6338-6341
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Discharge Flow ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Discharge Flow Rate ◽  
Hydropower System ◽  
Effluent Discharge

Small scale hydropower is among the most attractive and cost-effective sustainable energy technologies available, by harnessing electricity through moving water. Naturally, moving water can be found in rivers and also man-man conduits where there is a continuous water flow. The sewage treatment facility has continuous water flow at the effluent pipe that can generate electricity by means of small-hydropower system. However, there are no sewage treatment plants (STP) in Malaysia that reclaim the energy through the usage of water turbines. This study is conducted to evaluate the feasibility of a micro-hydropower (MHP) system at the continuous flow of effluent discharge point of domestic STP that comprises of a low head with high flow fluctuations. This work comprises of evaluation of the potential power output of MHP generator which attached to different type of STP. The work starts with selection of a five STP which have maximum current population equivalent (PE) over design PE loading ratio. Next, the effluent discharge flow rate & outfall head are collected and recorded. Finally the potential output power for all selected STPs is calculated. The highest continuous effluent discharge flow rate contributing in high potential power and will be identified as the feasible STP for the MHP system installation.

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF ENHANCEMENT IN EFFICIENCY OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP BY REDUCTION IN CAVITATION OF PUMP

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaffar G. Momin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Centrifugal Pump ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Flowing Liquid ◽  
Discharge Flow ◽  
Pump Performance ◽  
Cavitation Phenomenon ◽  
Discharge Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Rate Control

Cavitation phenomenon is basically a process formation of bubbles of a flowing liquid in a region where the pressure of the liquid falls below its vapour pressure and it is the most challenging fluid flow abnormalities leading to detrimental effects on both the centrifugal pump discharge characteristics as well as physical characteristics. In this low pressure zones are the first victims of cavitation. Due to cavitation pitting of impeller occurs and wear of internal walls of pumps occurs due to which there is creation of vibrations and noize are there. Due to this there is bad performance of centrifugal pump is there. Firstly, description of the centrifugal pump with its various parts are described after that pump characteristics and its important parameters are presented and discussed. Passive discharge (flow rate) control methods are utilized for improvement of flow rate and mechanical and volumetric and overall efficiency of the pump. Mechanical engineers is considering an important phenomenon which is known as Cavitation due to which there is decrease in centrifugal pump performance. There is also effect on head of the pump which is getting reduced due to cavitation phenomenon. In present experimental investigation the cavitation phenomenon is studied by starting and running the pump at various discharges and cavitating conditions of the centrifugal pump. Passive discharge (flow rate) control is realized using three different impeller blade leading edge angles namely 9.5 degrees, 16.5 degrees .and 22.5 degrees for reduction in the cavitation and increase the of the centrifugal pump performance at different applications namely, domestic, industrial applications of the centrifugal pump.

scholarly journals Potential Applications of Biogas Produced in Small-Scale UASB-Based Sewage Treatment Plants in Brazil

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Passos ◽  
Thiago Bressani-Ribeiro ◽  
Sonaly Rezende ◽  
Carlos A. L. Chernicharo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Majority Population

Rural sanitation is still a challenge in developing countries, such as Brazil, where the majority population live with inadequate services, compromising public health and environmental safety. In this context, this study analyzed the demographic density of these rural agglomerations using secondary data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The goal was to identify the possibilities associated with using small-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors for sewage treatment, mainly focusing on biogas production and its conversion into energy for cooking, water heating and sludge sanitization. Results showed that most rural agglomerations lacking the appropriate sewage treatment were predominant from 500 to 1500 inhabitants in both northern and southern Brazilian regions. The thermal energy available in the biogas would be enough to sanitize the whole amount of sludge produced in the sewage treatment plants (STPs), producing biosolids for agricultural purposes. Furthermore, the surplus of thermal energy (after sludge sanitization) could be routed for cooking (replacing LPG) and for water heating (replacing electricity) in the northern and southern regions, respectively. This would benefit more than 200,000 families throughout rural areas of the country. Besides the direct social gains derived from the practice of supplying biogas for domestic uses in the vicinity of the STPs, there would be tremendous indirect gains related to the avoidance of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, an anaerobic-based sewage treatment may improve public health conditions, life quality and generate added value products in Brazilian rural areas.

Theory of Breakdown Phenomenon at Highway Bottlenecks

2000 ◽  
Vol 1710 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris S. Kerner
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Discharge Flow ◽  
Traffic Pattern ◽  
Discharge Flow Rate ◽  
Breakdown Phenomenon ◽  
Freeway Bottleneck

On the basis of an empirical study of congestion occurring at a freeway bottleneck, it is shown that the congested regime can exist under a large variation of the discharge flow rate downstream of the bottleneck. This variation can be from about 1,600 to 1,700 vehicles/h to 2,600 to 2,700 vehicles/h per lane. A criticism of the application of queuing theories for the description of traffic pattern features is given. An explanation is given of the features of a congested regime on the basis of the recently discovered properties of synchronized flow as a new traffic phase.

scholarly journals The Influence of Changing Hydropower Potential on Performance Parameters of Pumps in Turbine Mode

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Polák
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
Total Head ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Water Turbines

Pumps as turbines (PAT) are used as an alternative to water turbines in small hydropower plants. The same devices can also be used for energy recovery in water distribution networks. They can replace pressure reduction valves that often lead to energy loss. However, PATs lack the parts that regulate flow so that when a hydropower potential change occurs, efficiency is reduced, as is economic gain. This article summarizes the influence of changing hydropower potential on PAT efficiency and presents comparisons of experimental results with the commonly used predictive model stemming from the theory of physical similarity, which presumes constant PAT efficiency. Our research indicates that the deviation between the model and the real power output calculation at varying potentials was minimal. Similarly, the affine parabola can be used to determine the relationship between total head and flow rate. Other relationships differ from reality the more the PAT efficiency changes. The flow rate and total head dependence on shaft speed are the main factors when setting the optimum operational parameters at varying hydropower potentials. Therefore, a change in efficiency must be included in predictive calculations to correctly optimize PAT operation. The problem is that a change in efficiency cannot be reliably predicted in advance, especially in the case of small-scale devices. For this reason, further research on the issue of changes in PAT efficiency is necessary.

COMPUTER SIMULATION OF WATER FLOW IN CAPACITIVE STRUCTURES DURING START-UP WORKS AND EXPLOITATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Artiom M. BARINOV
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Start Up

As a result of commissioning of rainwater treatment installation at the Adler sewage treatment plants in Sochi its signifi cant design disadvantages are revealed. Thin layer tank unit doesnt meet project requirements. Computer hydrodynamic model of an existing plant is built to obtain the coefficient of volume usage. Also design changes that improve the performance of the installation are proposed and simulated.

scholarly journals Experimental Measurement on Pebble Flow Discharge in a Hopper Silo Based on a Drainage Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujia Liu ◽  
Sifan Peng ◽  
Nan Gui ◽  
Xingtuan Yang ◽  
Jiyuan Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Experimental Measurement ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Liquid Level ◽  
Discharge Flow ◽  
Discharge Flow Rate ◽  
Level Sensor ◽  
Liquid Level Sensor ◽  
Pebble Flow

The dropping of absorption sphere from the storage vessel under accident conditions and the transportation of spent fuel elements in the reactor will both lead to the pebble flow discharging process driven by gravity in a hopper silo. Therefore, the research on the gravity-driven discharging rate of pebbles in a hopper silo has significant engineering guidance for reactor safety. In general, the idea of falling pebbles weighing to obtain the discharging rate becomes the most common experimental measurement method. However, due to the limitation of response frequency and the disturbance of pebbles falling, the resolution of experimental results is limited, and the uncertainty is introduced into the data error, which is difficult to eliminate. In this experiment, a volume measurement based on drainage method is adopted. This is a new experimental method to measure the discharge process of hopper silo. The magnetostrictive liquid level sensor is applied to measure the rise of liquid level caused by the volume of falling pebbles. Compared with the weighing method, this method has two advantages. First, the resolution of this method has a higher controllability. On the one hand, the disturbance caused by the momentum of falling pebbles will not be introduced into this method, on the other hand, the measurement accuracy is determined by the multiple controllable factors. Second, this method can obtain higher measurement frequency. the sampling frequency of liquid level sensor is 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than that of electronictong balance. Based on this new experimental method, the reliability of the method is validated by comparing the experimental results of discharge flow rate with the Beverloo’s and Nedderman’s empirical formula. Furthermore, the effect of silo outlet size on pebble discharge flow rate fluctuation have been also analyzed in this study. By use of fast Fourier transform, the fluctuation of particle discharge flow rate is separated from the discharging sampling results of liquid level sensor.

Hybrid model for discharge flow rate prediction of reciprocating multiphase pumps

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 53-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongying Deng ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Shengchang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Discharge Flow ◽  
Rate Prediction ◽  
Discharge Flow Rate
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