Power Losses and Bus Voltage in Transmission Lines of a 28 Bus System

Inadequate supply of power is increasing day by day and causing a lot of problems and affecting various sectors of the country. This work involves the power analysis on the 28-bus network of the Nigeria 330kV integrated power system. The network consists of twenty-eight (28) buses, nine (9) generation stations, and fifty-two (52) transmission lines. Newton-Raphson (N-R) method of power flow analysis was carried out on the network using the relevant data. This analysis was carried out using PSS®E to determine bus voltages, real and reactive power losses of the integrated network. The work also involves carrying out line outages on various parts of the network to determine the effects on power losses and bus voltages. The results show that the following buses were not in line with the statutory limit of 0.95≤Vi≤1.05: bus 13 (New-Heaven), bus 14 (Onitsha), bus 16 (Gombe), bus 19 (Jos), bus 22 (Kano). Bus 16 was observed to not satisfy the limit during the analysis going as low as 0.7602p.u. in one of the line outages (Makurdi-Mambila off). The total losses was also determined and the highest power loss was observed when Makurdi-Mambila line was taken out of service (142.54MW, 1072.16MVAR) and the lowest loss was observed when the double transmission line between Benin-Sapele were both taken out of service(105.0MW, 830.50MVAR). This result concludes that the Nigeria network still needs to undergo changes to ensure sustainable and reliable power system. Compensation is recommended on the above stated weak buses using Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS).

Download Full-text

Damping Inter-Area Oscillations by Coordination of 3PSS and UPFC Using PSO

Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences ◽

10.32441/kjps.v2i1.140 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ali Abdulazeez ◽

Bassam Mohammed ◽

Bilal Nasir ◽

Mohammed Yasen

Keyword(s):

Power System ◽

Transmission Lines ◽

Power Flow ◽

Reactive Power ◽

Dynamic Performance ◽

System Stability ◽

Local Mode ◽

Flexible Alternating Current Transmission ◽

Bus Voltage ◽

System Stabilizer

Power System Stabilizer (PSS) is one of the most used controllers in the local generations, primarily it aimed to suppress local mode of oscillations. On the other hand, the Unified Power Flow Controllers (UPFC) the most versatile member of flexible alternating current transmission system devices to simultaneously control real and reactive power flows on transmission lines, as well as regulate selected bus voltage. Each of these controllers, on their own, can show satisfactory performance to enhance power system stability. However, when they utilized together, their dynamic performance can degrade due to controller interaction, that should be strategically optimized. In this paper, the coordinated design of pss's and upfc is realized to damp inter-area oscillations in two-area power system using particle swarm optimization (PSO) method. The simulated cases in Matlab environment show that the interaction of pss's and upfc can be optimized, so the inter-area oscillations can be effectively mitigated following after fault, the simulation results of the uncoordinated design are also presented.

Download Full-text

Load Flow Analysis in Hybrid AC-DC Transmission Network

International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology ◽

10.48175/ijarsct-1445 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 617-624

Author(s):

Ajith M ◽

Dr. R. Rajeswari

Keyword(s):

Power Systems ◽

Power System ◽

Transmission Lines ◽

Power Flow ◽

Reactive Power ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Load Flow ◽

System Stability ◽

And Control

Power-flow studies are of great significance in planning and designing the future expansion of power systems as well as in determining the best operation of existing systems. Technologies such as renewables and power electronics are aiding in power conversion and control, thus making the power system massive, complex, and dynamic. HVDC is being preferred due to limitations in HVAC such as reactive power loss, stability, current carrying capacity, operation and control. The HVDC system is being used for bulk power transmission over long distances with minimum losses using overhead transmission lines or submarine cable crossings. Recent years have witnessed an unprecedented growth in the number of the HVDC projects. Due to the vast size and inaccessibility of transmission systems, real time testing can prove to be difficult. Thus analyzing power system stability through computer modeling and simulation proves to be a viable solution in this case. The motivation of this project is to construct and analyze the load flow and short circuit behavior in an IEEE 14 bus power system with DC link using MATLAB software. This involves determining the parameters for converter transformer, rectifier, inverter and DC cable for modelling the DC link. The line chosen for incorporation of DC link is a weak bus. This project gives the results of load flow and along with comparison of reactive power flow, system losses, voltage in an AC and an AC-DC system.

Download Full-text

Optimal location of unified power flow controller genetic algorithm based

International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) ◽

10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i2.pp886-894 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 886

Author(s):

Sana Khalid Abdul Hassan ◽

Firas Mohammed Tuaimah

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Power Generation ◽

Power System ◽

Transmission Line ◽

Transmission Lines ◽

Power Flow ◽

Optimal Power Flow ◽

Reactive Power ◽

Optimal Location ◽

Power Losses

Now-a-days the Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) technology is very effective in improving the power flow along the transmission lines and makes the power system more flexible and controllable. This paper deals with overload transmission system problems such as (increase the total losses, raise the rate of power generation, and the transmission line may be exposed to shut down when the load demand increase from the thermal limit of transmission line) and how can solve this problem by choosing the optimal location and parameters of Unified Power Flow Controllers (UPFCs). which was specified based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization method, it was utilized to search for optimum FACT parameters setting and location based to achieve the following objectives: improve voltages profile, reduce power losses, treatment of power flow in overloaded transmission lines and reduce power generation. MATLAB was used for running both the GA program and Newton Raphson method for solving the load flow of the system The proposed approach is examined and tested on IEEE 30-bus system. The practical part has been solved through Power System Simulation for Engineers (PSS\E) software Version 32.0 (The Power System Simulator for Engineering (PSS/E) software created from Siemens PTI to provide a system of computer programs and structured data files designed to handle the basic functions of power system performance simulation work, such as power flow, optimal power flow, fault analysis, dynamic simulations...etc.). The Comparative results between the experimental and practical parts obtained from adopting the UPFC where too close and almost the same under different loading conditions, which are (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of the total load. can show that the total active power losses for the system reduce at 69.594% at normal case after add the UPFC device to the system. also the reactive power losses reduce by 75.483% at the same case as well as for the rest of the cases. in the other hand can noted the system will not have any overload lines after add UPFC to the system with suitable parameters.

Download Full-text

OPTIMAL POWER FLOW AND FAULT ANALYSIS USING UPFC

International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology ◽

10.33564/ijeast.2020.v05i08.020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Anuj Singh ◽

Dr. Sandeep Sharma ◽

Karan Sharma ◽

Flansha Jain ◽

Shreyanshu Kumar Jena

Keyword(s):

Power System ◽

Power Electronics ◽

Power Flow ◽

Optimal Power Flow ◽

Reactive Power ◽

Impedance Control ◽

Fault Analysis ◽

Unified Power Flow Controller ◽

Bus Voltage ◽

Power Flow Controller

A Power System is actually a vast system that requires an outstanding plan for maintaining the continual flow of electricity. When a fault occurs at the power system, number of difficulties arises because of transients in system. so to attenuate these transients, power electronics based devices like FACTS are utilized. A unified power flow controller (UPFC) is one among different power electronics controller which can dispense VAR compensation, line impedance control and phase shifting. The thought is to see potential of UPFC to require care of active and reactive power movement within the compensated line (including UPFC) and to shrink the falloff of the bus voltage in case of grounding fault within the cable. power system block consisting of simulink is used for numerical analysis. Simulation outcomes from MATLAB reflects major improvement in the overall system’s behaviour with UPFC in sustain the voltage and power flow even under severe line faults by proper injection of series voltage into the cable at the point of connection. outcomes shows how the UPFC contributes effectively to a faster regaining of the power system to the pre-fault conditions.

Download Full-text

Optimal Placement of Unified Power Flow Controller by TOPSIS Method for Loss Minimization

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.a5702.0510121 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 126-131

Author(s):

Million Alemayehu Bedasso* ◽

R. Srinu Naik

Keyword(s):

Power System ◽

Power Flow ◽

Reactive Power ◽

Optimization Technique ◽

Optimal Placement ◽

Unified Power Flow Controller ◽

Power Losses ◽

Active And Reactive Power ◽

Flow Controller ◽

Power Flow Controller

In order to eliminate active and reactive power losses in the power system, this paper proposes TOPSIS and DE algorithm for determining the best location and parameter settings for the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). To mitigate power losses, the best UPFC allocation can be achieved by re-dispatching load flows in power systems. The cost of incorporating UPFC into the power system. As a consequence, the proposed objective feature in this paper was created to address this problem. The IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 30-bus systems were used as case studies in the MATLAB simulations. When compared to particle swarm optimization, the results show that DE is a simple to use, reliable, and efficient optimization technique than (PSO). The network's active and reactive power losses can be significantly reduced by putting UPFC in the optimum position determined by TOPSIS ranking method.

Download Full-text

Power System Security with Contingency Technique by using SSSC & UPFC

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.b1126.0982s1119 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2S11) ◽

pp. 772-777

Keyword(s):

Power System ◽

Phase Angle ◽

Transmission Lines ◽

Power Flow ◽

Reactive Power ◽

Power Transmission ◽

Electrical Power ◽

Unified Power Flow Controller ◽

Electrical Power System ◽

Power Requirement

Now days’ electrical power requirement has enlarged expanding as expansion & restructuring of electrical power system (PS) for generation & transmission in power sector is critically limited due to current resources & environmental circumstances. As outcome, approximately of corridors of power transmission overhead lines are greatly loaded & congested. Also major issue of power system voltage stability becomes power transfer restricted and capability issue. A Modern power electronics technology FATCS considered device Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) is VSC demanded series FACTS equipment. Unified power flow controller (UPFC) is to manage power flow (PF), voltage magnitude & phase angle. In this research paper suggested to maintain voltage magnitude as well as PF of faulty lines. The consequence of mutation of PS parameters like voltage, phase angle, active power, reactive power, & overall power factor with & without SSSC & UPFC have also incorporated. Assessment of PS safety is essential in society to expand customs to sustain system functions when one or more components fail. A PS is "secure" when it can defy loss of one or more ingredients & still go on working without major problems. The Contingency event investigation technique is taken to identify electrical node PF in faulty transmission lines (TL). The Performance of PS has been tested on IEEE 14-Bus System.

Download Full-text

Fast Heuristic AC Power Flow Analysis with Data-Driven Enhanced Linearized Model

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13133308 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 3308

Author(s):

Xingpeng Li

Keyword(s):

Power Systems ◽

Power System ◽

Power Flow ◽

Flow Model ◽

Reactive Power ◽

Unit Commitment ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Data Driven ◽

Dc Power ◽

Ac Power

Though the full AC power flow model can accurately represent the physical power system, the use of this model is limited in practice due to the computational complexity associated with its non-linear and non-convexity characteristics. For instance, the AC power flow model is not incorporated in the unit commitment model for practical power systems. Instead, an alternative linearized DC power flow model is widely used in today’s power system operational and planning tools. However, DC power flow model will be useless when reactive power and voltage magnitude are of concern. Therefore, a linearized AC (LAC) power flow model is needed to address this issue. This paper first introduces a traditional LAC model and then proposes an enhanced data-driven linearized AC (DLAC) model using the regression analysis technique. Numerical simulations conducted on the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) system demonstrate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed DLAC model.

Download Full-text

Optimal location of interline power flow controller in a power system network using ABC algorithm

Archives of Electrical Engineering ◽

10.2478/aee-2013-0007 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 91-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

S. Sreejith ◽

Sishaj Psimon ◽

M.P. Selvan

Keyword(s):

Power System ◽

Transmission Lines ◽

Power Flow ◽

Reactive Power ◽

Optimal Location ◽

Voltage Profile ◽

Optimal Position ◽

Flow Controller ◽

Power Flow Controller ◽

Installation Cost

Abstract This paper proposes a methodology based on installation cost for locating the optimal position of interline power flow controller (IPFC) in a power system network. Here both conventional and non conventional optimization tools such as LR and ABC are applied. This methodology is formulated mathematically based on installation cost of the FACTS device and active power generation cost. The capability of IPFC to control the real and reactive power simultaneously in multiple transmission lines is exploited here. Apart from locating the optimal position of IPFC, this algorithm is used to find the optimal dispatch of the generating units and the optimal value of IPFC parameters. IPFC is modeled using Power Injection (PI) model and incorporated into the problem formulation. This proposed method is compared with that of conventional LR method by validating on standard test systems like 5-bus, IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems. A detailed discussion on power flow and voltage profile improvement is carried out which reveals that incorporating IPFC into power system network in its optimal location significantly enhance the load margin as well as the reliability of the system.

Download Full-text

Design of fractional evolutionary processing for reactive power planning with FACTS devices

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-79838-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yasir Muhammad ◽

Rizwan Akhtar ◽

Rahimdad Khan ◽

Farman Ullah ◽

Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Power Flow ◽

Reactive Power ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Voltage Profile ◽

Network Efficiency ◽

Power Sources ◽

Optimal Dispatch ◽

Facts Devices ◽

Flexible Alternating Current Transmission ◽

Reactive Power Planning

AbstractReactive power dispatch is a vital problem in the operation, planning and control of power system for obtaining a fixed economic load expedition. An optimal dispatch reduces the grid congestion through the minimization of the active power loss. This strategy involves adjusting the transformer tap settings, generator voltages and reactive power sources, such as flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS). The optimal dispatch improves the system security, voltage profile, power transfer capability and overall network efficiency. In the present work, a fractional evolutionary approach achieves the desired objectives of reactive power planning by incorporating FACTS devices. Two compensation arrangements are possible: the shunt type compensation, through Static Var compensator (SVC) and the series compensation through the Thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC). The fractional order Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization (FO-DPSO) is implemented on the standard IEEE 30, IEEE 57 and IEEE 118 bus test systems. The power flow analysis is used for determining the location of TCSC, while the voltage collapse proximity indication (VCPI) method identifies the location of the SVC. The superiority of the FO-DPSO is demonstrated by comparing the results with those obtained by other techniques in terms of measure of central tendency, variation indices and time complexity.

Download Full-text

Multi-Objective Evolutionary Programming for Static VAR Compensator (SVC) in Power System Considering Contingencies (N-m)

International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) ◽

10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i2.pp880-888 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 880

Author(s):

Nor Rul Hasma Abdullah ◽

Mahaletchumi A P Morgan ◽

Mahfuzah Mustafa ◽

Rosdiyana Samad ◽

Dwi Pebrianti

Keyword(s):

Power System ◽

Transmission Lines ◽

Power Flow ◽

Evolutionary Programming ◽

Test System ◽

Programming Technique ◽

Multi Objective ◽

Static Var Compensators ◽

Current Transmission ◽

Flexible Alternating Current Transmission

Static VAR Compensators (SVCs) is a Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) device that can control the power flow in transmission lines by injecting capacitive or inductive current components at the midpoint of interconnection line or in load areas. This device is capable of minimizing the overall system losses and concurrently improves the voltage stability. A line index, namely SVSI becomes indicator for the placement of SVC and the parameters of SVCs are tuned by using the multi-objective evolutionary programming technique, effectively able to control the power. The algorithm was tested on IEEE-30 Bus Reliability Test System (RTS). Comparative studies were conducted based on the performance of SVC in terms of their location and sizing for installations in power system.

Download Full-text