scholarly journals Gender Dimensions of Youth Access to Agricultural Land Under Customary Tenure System in the Techiman Traditional Area of Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Kwaku Kidido ◽  
John Tiah Bugri
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
Land Access ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Traditional Area

This study investigates youth access to agricultural land under the customary land tenure regime in Ghana focusing on gender dimensions. Using the Techiman Traditional Area as a case study, the study applied multiple sampling techniques in a multi-stage sampling process to select the study communities and the respondents. A total sample of 455 youth respondents comprising 299 males and 156 females were covered in 20 communities. The results from the study revealed that majority of the youth, especially female, accessed agricultural land under non-market mechanisms such as licence, gift and inheritance; while predominantly male youth also accessed land under market mechanisms such as rentals and sharecropping. Both male and female youth held small land sizes. The underlying challenges facing both male and female youth were in two-fold: demand-related such as high cost of accessing land, competition from residential developers and wealthy adult farmers among others, and supply-related such as unwillingness of the elders to release land, scarce productive family land, land grants to outsiders among others. There is the need to ensure a well-functioning land market coupled with credit support system to enable both male and female youth access land. The study recommends further research into youth access to agricultural land under the main customary tenure regimes across the country as a means of formulating an evidence-based youth agricultural land access policy in Ghana.

scholarly journals Gender Socialization: Differences between Male and Female Youth in India and Associations with Mental Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usha Ram ◽  
Lisa Strohschein ◽  
Kirti Gaur
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Gender Socialization ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
Poisson Models

This paper describes patterns of gender socialization among youth in India and evaluates how these patterns are associated with their mental health. Data come from the Youth in India: Situation and Needs Study (N=44,769), a subnationally representative survey conducted during 2006–2008. Descriptive results underscored the gendered nature of socialization experiences, showing that male and female youth inhabit different social worlds. Female youth expressed more gender-egalitarian attitudes than male youth but reported greater restrictions to their independence than male youth. Male youth recognized more gender-discriminatory practices within their households than did the female youth. Poisson models revealed that female youth experienced more mental health problems when their households engaged in practices that favoured males over females, even as these same practices were associated with fewer mental health problems among male youth. Family violence and restrictions to independence were associated with mental health problems for both male and female youth. When males and females engaged in behaviours contravening sex-specific gender norms, there were corresponding increases in mental health problems for both sexes. Together, these findings suggest that gender inequality permeates family life in India, with corresponding consequences for the mental well-being of male and female youth.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Farmers’ Perception toward Agricultural Land Sustainability in Peri-Urban Areas of Pekalongan City

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Imade Yoga Prasada ◽  
Masyhuri Masyhuri
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Price Risks ◽  
Ordinary Least Square Regression

Over the past few decades, agricultural land sustainability on the peri-urban areas face a threat to the agricultural land conversion, especially on the peri-urban areas of Pekalongan City. The sustainability of agricultural land is determined by the level of farmers’ perception. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the factors that influence farmers’ perceptions toward agricultural land sustainability in peri-urban areas of Pekalongan City. The peri-urban areas of Pekalongan City were selected by purposive sampling method with a total sample of 90 farm owners and cultivators. Data were analyzed using OLS (Ordinary Least Square) regression model. The results have shown that the factors influencing farmers’ perceptions toward agricultural land sustainability in the peri-urban area of Pekalongan City were farmers’ knowledge, farmers’ land tenure and access to information. Based on the results of the study, the variables of farmers’ knowledge and land tenure had a negative impact, while the access to agricultural information had a positive impact on farmers’ perceptions. These results have the implication for farmers, that their perceptions can be improved by making advances to the quality of agricultural land in the suburbs, reducing both production and price risks and increasing the intensity of counseling or training related to agricultural activities in the suburbs of Pekalongan City.

scholarly journals PATTERN AND DETERMINANT OF SUCCESSFUL SCHOOL TO WORK TRANSITION OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN ISLAMIC DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: EVIDENCE FROM EGYPT, JORDAN AND BANGLADESH

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muh Ulil Absor ◽  
Iwu Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
School To Work Transition ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
Successful Transition ◽  
Work Transition ◽  
Successful School ◽  
The Impact

This study considers the impact of conservative cultures, by comparing the patterns and determinants of the successful school-to-work transition of young people in Egypt, Jordan and Bangladesh. This study argues that the most consistent and significant influence of successful transition among male and female youth are micro predictors compared to mezzo and macro predictors. This study found that male and female youth are treated differently during their school-to-work transition. Conservative culture has negative influences on the successful transition of female youth while a positive transition is experienced by male youth. Education is a key strategy in reducing the negative impacts of conservative culture and promoting successful school-to-work transition particularly if both male and female youth are to attain stable employment.

scholarly journals PENGARUH STATUS PENGUASAAN LAHAN TERHADAP PRODUKSI PADI SAWAH TADAH HUJAN DI KABUPATEN BANYUMAS

JURNAL AGRICA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rifki Andi Novia ◽  
Ratna Satriani
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rainfed Lowland

This study aimed to determine the effect of agricultural land tenure status on rainfed lowland rice production in Banyumas Regency. One of the most important factors of production affecting the production of rainfed lowland rice is the land used. This study used  survey method by taking primary data and secondary data. Primary data obtained through a list of questions that have been prepared, while secondary data obtained from the relevant agencies. The sampling method is carried out by stratified random sampling. Each stratum of the sample is drawn with a total sample of 50 farmer respondents. Data were analyzed used one-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA). The results of this study indicated that the amount of rainfed lowland rice production in Banyumas District showed significant difference between farmers who were not owners and farmers who own land. Non-owner farmers get an average production yield greater than those of farmers who own rainfed lowland rice in Banyumas Regency.

Youth Access to Agricultural Land from Peri-urban and Rural Perspective: A Study of Techiman Traditional Area in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-56
Author(s):  
Joseph Kwaku Kidido ◽  
John Tiah Bugri
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Land Access ◽  
Access Policy ◽  
Land Disputes ◽  
Rural Context ◽  
Traditional Area

This study examines youth access to agricultural land from both peri-urban and rural perspectives. Using the Techiman area as a case study, the study interviewed youth and elders made up of chiefs and family heads using multiple random sampling techniques. The results revealed that, the youth generally have access to small landholdings whether in the peri-urban or rural context. These small holdings were a manifestation of the challenges underling the youth access to land under customary system. The predominant challenges facing the youth included; high rental/acquisition cost, land scarcity and land disputes. The youth also suffered more from the urbanisation effects, but do not benefit from proceeds arising out of peri-urban land use conversions. The study recommends youth agricultural land access policy and a compensation regime which benefits both the youth and adults in land use conversions in the peri-urban areas of Ghana.

Distribusi Penguasaan dan Pemilikan Tanah Pertanian di Desa Nglegok, Kabupaten Karanganyar

Tunas Agraria ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-121
Author(s):  
Jefri Bangkit Angkoso ◽  
Ahmad Nashih Luthfi ◽  
Sudibyanung Sudibyanung
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Study Strategies ◽  
Farm Families ◽  
Land Inequality ◽  
On Farm

Abstract: There is inequality for land tenure and land ownership in Indonesia in recent decades. The Gini Index can be used to see the level of inequality in the distribution of land tenure and land ownership. The purpose of this research is to determine the distribution of land tenure and land ownership of agricultural land, the level of inequality, and the influencing factors. This research uses qualitative methods with case study strategies. The results of this study are in Ngungkal, in the largest class of land tenure and land ownership, 13.875 m² of agricultural land is only owned by 1 farmer family (0.59% of the total sample). In the smallest class, 13.766 m² of agricultural land is owned by 126 farmer families (11.30% of the total sample). In the largest class of land tenure and land ownership in Talok, 5.532 m² of agricultural land is owned by 1 farmer family (1,89% of the total sample), while on the smallest class 7.583 m² of agricultural land is owned by 29 farmer families (22,64% of the total sample). Gini Index in land tenure and land ownership of agricultural land in Ngungkal and Talok is high, namely 0.72 in Ngungkal and 0.52 in Talok. The small size of agricultural land owned by farmer families due to land fragmentation through legal actions in the form of buying and selling and grants, as well as legal events in the form of inheritance. Fragmentation of agricultural land in Nglegok Village causes the “gurem” effect on farm families, where the size of agricultural land which is initially small becomes even smaller.Keywords: agricultural land, inequality, gini index, gurem. Intisari: Ketimpangan penguasaan dan pemilikan terjadi di Indonesia dalam beberapa dekade terakhir. Indeks Gini dapat digunakan untuk melihat tingkat ketimpangan distribusi penguasaan dan pemilikan tanah di suatu wilayah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui distribusi penguasaan dan pemilikan tanah pertanian, tingkat ketimpangannya dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan strategi studi kasus. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah di Dusun Ngungkal, di kelas terbesar penguasaan dan pemilikan tanah, 13.875 m² lahan pertanian hanya dimiliki oleh 1 keluarga petani (0,59% dari total sampel). Di kelas terkecil, 13.766 m² tanah pertanian dimiliki oleh 126 keluarga petani (11,30% dari total sampel). Di kelas terbesar kepemilikan tanah dan kepemilikan tanah di Dusun Talok, 5.532 m² tanah pertanian dimiliki oleh 1 keluarga petani (1,89% dari total sampel), sedangkan pada kelas terkecil, tanah pertanian seluas 7.583 m² dimiliki oleh 29 keluarga petani (22,64% dari total sampel). Indeks Gini penguasaan dan pemilikan tanah pertanian di Ngungkal dan Talok tergolong tinggi, yaitu 0,72 di Ngungkal dan 0,52 di Talok. Kecilnya luas tanah pertanian yang dimiliki kepala pertani akibat adanya fragmentasi tanah melalui perbuatan hukum berupa jual beli dan hibah, serta peristiwa hukum berupa pewarisan. Fragmentasi tanah pertanian di Desa Nglegok menyebabkan efek guremisasi pada keluarga petani, dimana luas tanah pertanian yang pada awalnya sudah kecil menjadi semakin kecil lagi.Kata kunci: tanah pertanian, ketimpangan, indeks gini, gurem.

scholarly journals From “Land to the Tiller” to the “New Landlords”? The Debate over Vietnam’s Latest Land Reforms

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
To ◽  
Mahanty ◽  
Wells-Dang
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Unskilled Labor ◽  
Land Law ◽  
Land Access ◽  
The Government

Between Vietnam’s independence and its reunification in 1975, the country’s socialist land tenure system was underpinned by the principle of “land to the tiller”. During this period, government redistributed land to farmers that was previously owned by landlords. The government’s “egalitarian” approach to land access was central to the mass support that it needed during the Indochinese war. Even when the 1993 Land Law transitioned agricultural land from collectivized to household holdings with 20-year land use certificates, the “land to the tiller” principle remained largely sacrosanct in state policy. Planned amendments to the current Land Law (issued in 2013), however, propose a fundamental shift from “land to the tiller” to the concentration of land by larger farming concerns, including private sector investors. This is explained as being necessary for the modernization of agricultural production. The government’s policy narrative concerning this change emphasizes the need to overcome the low productivity that arises from land fragmentation, the prevalence of unskilled labor and resource shortages among smallholders. This is contrasted with the readily available resources and capacity of the private sector, together with opportunities for improved market access and high-tech production systems, if holdings were consolidated by companies. This major proposed transition in land governance has catalyzed heated debate over the potential risks and benefits. Many perceive it as a shift from a “pro-poor” to “pro-rich” policy, or from “land to the tiller” to the establishment of a “new landlord”—with all the historical connotations that this badge invokes. Indeed, the growing level of public concern over land concentration raises potential implications for state legitimacy. This paper examines key narratives on the government-supported land concentration policy, to understand how the risks, benefits and legitimacy of the policy change are understood by different stakeholders. The paper considers how the transition could change land access and governance in Vietnam, based on early experience with the approach.

Youth Suicide and Gender in Australia and New Zealand Compared with Countries of the Western World 1973–1987

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Western World ◽  
Youth Suicide ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
Female Suicide ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
And Gender

Based upon standardised mortality figures, between 1973–1987, Australian male suicide rose by 39%, and New Zealand male suicide by 53%. In both countries there were even greater increases in male youth suicides (15–24 years), 66% and 127% respectively. The female suicide statistics were more varied with a fall of −24% in Australia, but an increase of 26% in New Zealand. In both countries however, female youth suicide, relative to their general rates, increased. A comparison of youth suicide in the western world demonstrated that Australia and New Zealand were unique as they were the only countries in which male and female youth suicide levels were higher than their average rates.

Transition from Childcare Institutions to Adulthood for Youth: Through the Lens of Identity and Gender

2020 ◽  
pp. 234930032098055
Author(s):  
Garima Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Social Factor ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
Youth Identity ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender

This article explores the transition of youth from childcare institutions as young adults through the lens of youth identity and gender. The research revolves around rethinking the delicate boundaries of adolescence and adulthood for the ‘institutionalised’ youth that is already on the edge of the society. This research tries to understand and decode the experiences of youth, who have lived in the childcare institutions. The childcare institutions reinforce the gender roles through its practices and structure, enabling gaps and challenges for both male and female youth outside the childcare institutions. There is an absence of a strong mechanism, enabling the smooth transition of youth from childcare institutions to adulthood. This results in unprepared young adults for an unplanned transition, fostering several challenges on them as they exit the childcare system. This is a qualitative study. The research includes both male and female youth who have lived in childcare institutions situated in Delhi. The data was collected using semi-structured interviews with the youth. This study finds that youth leaving the childcare institutions are at higher risks of having negative adult outcomes in life. While there is an absolute absence of any body or mechanism to help the youth transit smoothly, childcare institutions reinforce the inferiority and exclusion on a child during the stay period, creating a foundation for youth to perceive the social factor outside the institutions.

scholarly journals Zambian farm blocks: A vehicle for increased private sector investments

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 817-825
Author(s):  
Susanna L. Middelberg ◽  
Pieter van der Zwan ◽  
Cobus Oberholster
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Policy Uncertainty ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Private Sector Investment

AbstractThe Zambian government has introduced the farm block development programme (FBDP) to facilitate agricultural land and rural development and encourage private sector investment. This study assessed whether the FBDP achieves these goals. Key obstacles and possible opportunities were also identified and, where appropriate, specific corrective actions were recommended. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted in Lusaka with various stakeholders of the FBDP. The FBDP is designed to facilitate agricultural land development and encourage private sector investment. However, the programme falls far short in terms of implementation, amidst policy uncertainty and lack of support. This is evident by the insecurity of land tenure which negatively affects small- and medium-scale producers’ access to financing, lack of infrastructure development of these farm blocks, and constraints in the agricultural sector such as low labour productivity and poor access to service expertise. It is recommended that innovative policy interventions should be created to support agricultural development. This can be achieved by following a multistakeholder approach through involving private, public and non-profit sectors such as non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and donors.

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