scholarly journals Local Names of Wild Grapevine in Georgia and Its Ethnobotanical Use

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Shengeli Kikilashvili ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Local People ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Wild Grape ◽  
Wild Grapevine ◽  
Distant Relative ◽  
Grape Cultivars ◽  
Grape Breeding

Wild grapevine Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris (C.C.Gmel.) Hegi is a typical plant of Georgian flora, spread in our country. Consequently, a numerous number of local synonym names of this plant are available in different historical-ethnographic provinces of Georgia. Among these names ‘Krikina’, ‘Babilo’, ‘Mortskhula’, ‘Brdzghuamli’ and ‘Dzghvamli’ are more spread, having different spelling variations. The great contrubution of wild grape is that it, as an ancestor of cultivated grapevine, made the basis of grape breeding in Georgia and is a distant relative of our varieties. Besides, as it was demonstrated by the ethnobotanical research, due to long period present in the forests of Georgia the local people used this plant as a food (grape, pickles), a beverage (young fermented wine ‘Machari’, wine, grappa), a construction material (buildings, door for a church, breedge), a tool for washing Qvevri, a pollinator for grape cultivars, a honey plant, a rootstock, a planting material for vineyards.

scholarly journals Evaluation of breeding potential of wild grape originating from Armenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
K. Margaryan ◽  
E. Maul ◽  
Z. Muradyan ◽  
A. Hovhannisyan ◽  
G. Melyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Breeding Potential ◽  
Wild Grape ◽  
Wild Grapevine ◽  
The Future

Crop wild relatives provide a useful source of genetic variation and represent a large pool of genetic diversity for new allelic variation required in breeding programs. Armenia is an important center of origin both for cultivated Vitis vinifera ssp. sativa and wild Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris. Owing to recent prospection in Armenian woods and river floodplains many forms of wild grapevine were discovered and inventoried, which is an important prerequisite to unlock their breeding potential in the future. The fact that some genotypes of V. sylvestris can withstand the diseases is likely to be due to a more efficient basal immunity. The overall goal of the proposed research was to characterize the diversity of V. sylvestris from Armenia with respect to its capacity for stilbene biosynthesis, which might be exploited as genetic resource for resistance breeding. The realized research stimulates the recovery, characterization and preservation of wild grape germplasm, presently at risk of extinction. The recovery and characterization of wild genotypes will be the base of selection of genetic traits important in breeding programs for the generation of biotic and changing climate tolerant grapevine varieties and rootstocks, both necessary for the future of viticulture in Armenia and in Europe.

scholarly journals SSR Genotyping of Wild Grape Species and Grape Cultivars of Vitis vinifera and V. vinifera ^|^times; V. labrusca

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nami Goto-Yamamoto ◽  
Akifumi Azuma ◽  
Nobuhito Mitani ◽  
Shozo Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Wild Grape ◽  
Ssr Genotyping ◽  
Grape Cultivars

scholarly journals Distribution of Wild and Cultivated Grapes in Turkey

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim H UZUN ◽  
Arzu BAYIR
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Wild Grape ◽  
Wild Grapevine ◽  
Main Gene ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Turkey is one of main gene centers in the world for grapes. It is believed that cultivated grapes have their origins in Turkey and the surrounding countries. Vitis vinifera ssp sylvestris is the only wild grape species in this region. That is why Turkey has a very large amount of wild grapevine populations and grape cultivars which offer to grapevine breeders a valuable gene pool. Wild grapevines have significant characters for inducing the resistence to biotic and abiotic stress factors, such as resistance to lime, drought, pests and diseases. Turkey has over 1.600 local grape cultivars, among which the majority of them are conserved at the national grape collection vineyard in Tekirda?. They are mostly used as table grapes, dried grapes or for local consumptions. Wild grapes are distributed all over the country territory, mainly in the river basins and forests. Wild grape collection vineyards were established at some universities in Turkey. These grapevines will be screened for the resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors.

scholarly journals Preliminary Characterization of Wild Grapevine Populations (Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris) Grown Along the Danube River

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen F. POPESCU ◽  
Liviu C. DEJEU ◽  
Rafael R. OCETE
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Meristematic Tissue ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Wild Grapevine ◽  
The Moment

The individuals belonging to three different groups of wild grapevines populations Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi harvested along, or near the Danube River, were described by means of usual ampelographic methods. The twenty standardized descriptors used for morphological analysis revealed obvious differentiation among analyzed populations. Out of 65 individuals, a half produced flowers with separate sex and a high proportion of them were males (70%). Pollen measurements on light microscope provided information on differences in pollen size among inside wild grapevine populations of V. sylvestris with the polar length varying between 15.3 and 23 μm and the equatorial length between 15.5 and 24.4μm. The in vitro regenerative potential from meristematic tissue tested with each phenotype showed that the moment of differentiation, the aspect of proliferative structures and the rate of multiplication varied inside these wild grapevine populations, without any correlation with the location of harvesting. Our results provided valuable information about these Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris populations, possible to be used as starting plant material for research in general and further breeding of cultivars and grapevine rootstocks.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SOME ROOTSTOCK ON THE GROWTH AND QUALITY OF THE VINE PLANTING MATERIAL OF THE MAVRUD VARIETY

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-374
Author(s):  
M. Mihaylov
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
The 19Th Century

The direction related with production of vine planting material originated from the 19th century, after the advent of Phylloxera vastatrix F. in which a large part of the vineyards in Bulgaria and the main wine-growing countries were destroyed. Only solution was proposed for grafting vine varieties from Vitis vinifera L. on resistant rootstocks. A number of biological characteristics of the vine influence both the nursery for scions and the rootstock nursery. One of them, which is main is the affinity of different rootstocks on the different vine varieties. In the southern Bulgaria, where the Mavrud variety is characteristic, high losses are observed due to the low yield of first-class vines. In Bulgaria, the Mavrud variety is highly valued due to its biological qualities, resulting in extracts and dense red wines that have glorified our country.

Xylophilus ampelinus (canker of grapevine).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Dreo
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Xylophilus Ampelinus ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Natural Dispersal

Abstract The causative agent of bacterial blight of grapevine, X. ampelinus, is a slow-growing bacterium. It is thought that only European grapevines (Vitis vinifera) are susceptible (Panagopoulos, 1988b). Natural dispersal from infected plants is limited to the vineyard and the immediately surrounding area and is mostly associated with pruning. Dispersal over large distances is expected to occur only associated with host plants, most likely during trading of planting material. It is difficult to control as outbreaks are sporadic and infections are often latent thus hindering detection.

scholarly journals Paleorecords of Domesticated and Wild Grapevine in Romania: a Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 211-233
Author(s):  
Casandra Brașoveanu ◽  
George Bodi ◽  
Mihaela Danu
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Climate Oscillations ◽  
Wild Grapevine ◽  
La Tène ◽  
La Tene ◽  
Vitis Sylvestris ◽  
Deliberate Effort

AbstractThis paper reviews the, so far available, paleorecords of Vitis sylvestris C.C. Gmel and Vitis vinifera L. from Romania. The study takes into consideration the presence of Vitis pollen from Holocene peat sediment sequences and archaeological context, but also the presence of macrorests from various archaeological sites that date from Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, and La Tène. Both paleobotanical arguments and archaeological discoveries support the theory that places the beggining of viticulture in Romania a few millenia ago, in Neolithic period. Also, written evidences (works of classical authors, epigraphical sources) confirm, indirectly, the presence of grapevine in La Tène period. Occurrences of Vitis vinifera and those of Vitis sylvestris manifest independently of the climate oscillations, being present both through colder and more humid episodes, as well as through drier and warmer events. Probably prehistoric communities have made a constant and deliberate effort, all along the Holocene, to maintain grapevine crops.

scholarly journals Identification of disease resistance-linked alleles in Vitis vinifera germplasm

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Maria Lucia Prazzoli ◽  
Silvia Lorenzi ◽  
Michele Perazzolli ◽  
Silvia Toffolatti ◽  
Osvaldo Failla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Group Pattern ◽  
Grape Breeding

Introgression of genetic resistance to fungal diseases from American and Asian Vitis species traditionally pursued in grape breeding programs, although facilitated by molecular tools, has an impact on wine quality that still slows down development of competitive varieties. A contribution to the genetic improvement of grapevines for resistance to pathogens may come from unexplored genetic resources of the Eurasian Vitis vinifera L. In the present study, a hundred grapevine accessions from Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan were genotyped with SSR markers linked to QTLs for resistance to downy and powdery mildew, and with 21 SSR markers widely used for genetic diversity and relationship analysis. Looking at population genetic structure, Armenian and Azerbaijani accessions fell within the same cluster and were included among the Central Asian grape varieties of a homogeneous dataset, while Georgian accessions formed a separate group. Pattern of SSR alleles flanking the locus Ren1 and associated with resistance to Erysiphe necator in 'Kishmish vatkana', 'Dzhandzhal kara' and other Central Asian cultivars were found in three varieties from the Azerbaijani population that reached very high scores when assessed for PM resistance.

scholarly journals Genetic structure and differentiation in cultivated grape, Vitis vinifera L.

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
MALLIKARJUNA K. ARADHYA ◽  
GERALD S. DANGL ◽  
BERNARD H. PRINS ◽  
JEAN-MICHEL BOURSIQUOT ◽  
M. ANDREW WALKER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Multivariate Relationships ◽  
History Of ◽  
Single Complex ◽  
Grape Cultivars

222 cultivated (Vitis vinifera) and 22 wild (V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris) grape accessions were analysed for genetic diversity and differentiation at eight microsatellite loci. A total of 94 alleles were detected, with extensive polymorphism among the accessions. Multivariate relationships among accessions revealed 16 genetic groups structured into three clusters, supporting the classical eco-geographic grouping of grape cultivars: occidentalis, pontica and orientalis. French cultivars appeared to be distinct and showed close affinity to the wild progenitor, ssp. sylvestris from south-western France (Pyrenees) and Tunisia, probably reflecting the origin and domestication history of many of the old wine cultivars from France. There was appreciable level of differentiation between table and wine grape cultivars, and the Muscat types were somewhat distinct within the wine grapes. Contingency χ2 analysis indicated significant heterogeneity in allele frequencies among groups at all loci. The observed heterozygosities for different groups ranged from 0·625 to 0·9 with an overall average of 0·771. Genetic relationships among groups suggested hierarchical differentiation within cultivated grape. The gene diversity analysis indicated narrow divergence among groups and that most variation was found within groups (∼85%). Partitioning of diversity suggested that the remaining variation is somewhat structured hierarchically at different levels of differentiation. The overall organization of genetic diversity suggests that the germplasm of cultivated grape represents a single complex gene pool and that its structure is determined by strong artificial selection and a vegetative mode of reproduction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document