scholarly journals SOME WOOD PROPERTIES OF MELIAa AZEDARACH L. TREES GROWN IN DUHOK PROVINCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 774-782
Author(s):  
Abdulqader & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Anatomical Properties

Melia azedarach L.  was introduced into Kurdistan region and planted as an ornamental tree at the nurseries, parks and streets. This study investigated the quality of wood of 9 year old M. azedarach trees grown in Duhok province. Samples of wood from five trees were taken at breast height diameter; and their wood quality was studied in terms of morphological, physical and anatomical properties. Results revealed that the values of morphological properties were: the Heartwood percentage (69.01%), Sapwood percentage (12.93%), Bark percentage (8.06%) and Annual Ring Width (7.74mm). While, the values of the physical properties were: specific gravity (0.42), basic density of wood (0.36g/cm3), annual ring growth width (7.74cm), moisture content (44.46%), maximum moisture content (208.36%), volumetric shrinkage (13.18%), volumetric swelling (16.25%), fiber saturation point (36.34%), cell wall (28.05%) and porosity (71.94%). The values of anatomical properties were: fiber length (0.792 mm), fiber diameter at the mid- point of the fiber (17.75 μm), fiber double cell wall thickness (9.67 μm), fiber lumen width (8.07μm), runkel ratio (1.55), flexibility ratio (47.17), slenderness ratio (47.58), vessel length (241.57μm), vessel diameter at the mid- point of the vessel (169.09μm), and vessel lumen diameter (158.26μm). All properties showed a significant variation from pith to bark and between the trees. The results equip a basis for determining management planning opportune to production wood of M. azedarach plantation trees in Kurdistan region. Also M. azedarach is characterized by low strength resistance and perhaps low pulping production too, therefore according to its low wood quality for some properties, is not recommended for structural purposes. While anatomical properties, showed medium values of fiber dimensions which could be used for production of special type of paper

scholarly journals Growth performance and wood quality of white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) progeny testing at Parung Panjang, Bogor, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Chaerani ◽  
DEDE J SUDRAJAT ◽  
ISKANDAR Z SIREGAR ◽  
ULFAH J SIREGAR
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Pilodyn Penetration

Abstract. Chaerani N, Sudrajat DJ, Siregar IZ, Siregar UJ. 2019. Growth performance and wood quality of white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) progeny testing at Parung Panjang, Bogor, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2295-2301. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic parameters of growth and wood quality in white jabon progeny test at 54 months old in Parung Panjang, Bogor. The 105 half-sib families obtained from 12 provenances were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with five replications. Wood quality was assessed both in a non-destructive way using a pilodyn and by destructive method using wood sample taker. Results indicated that the mean value ranged from 5.10 to 10.15 m for height, 6.67 to 15.30 cm for diameter, 2.30 to 3.62 cm for pilodyn penetration, 0.66 to 0.82 g/cm3 for wood density, 0.33 to 0.50 for specific gravity, and 66 to 111 % for moisture content, respectively. There were significant differences among 105 families for all traits except moisture content. The high heritability estimate was found for height (0.4-0.69) and basic density (0.27-0.59). Applying 80% selection intensity on diameter and leaving 84 best families in each block will produce a high total genetic gain. Pilodyn penetration had negative correlation with diameter, wood density, and specific gravity.

Effect of Thinning on the Wood Structure in Annual Growth Rings of Japanese Larch (Larix Leptolepis)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Koga ◽  
Kazuyuki Oda ◽  
Juichi Tsutsumi ◽  
Takaaki Fujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Japanese Larch ◽  
Larix Leptolepis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Annual Growth Rings ◽  
Average Wall Thickness

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of thinning on the annual ring structure and the cross-sectional dimensions of tracheids in plantation-grown Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis). Annual ring width, earlywood width and latewood width increased significantly after thinning. The width of the band of nonflat latewood tracheids in the annual ring increased more than that of flat latewood tracheids. Thinning did not significantly affect latewood percentage. The average radial diameter of both earlywood and latewood tracheids increased after thinning. After thinning, average wall thickness of earlywood tracheids increased, while that of latewood tracheids decreased. Cell wall percentage in earlywood was not influenced significantly by thinning, but latewood cell wall percentage decreased. The changes of the average radial tracheid diameter, the average wall thickness of tracheids and cell wall percentage from earlywood to latewood within a growth ring became more gradual after thinning. However, thinning did not affect significantly the cell wall percentage of the whole growth ring. This study suggests that thinning has little effect on wood density of the whole growth ring in Japanese larch.

Mass loss and moisture dynamics of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) exposed outdoors above ground in Sweden

Holzforschung ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åsa Rydell ◽  
Mikael Bergström ◽  
Torbjörn Elowson
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Moisture Uptake ◽  
Annual Ring Width ◽  
Moisture Dynamics

Abstract The durability of 566 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) samples was tested during a period of 9 years of exposure to weather in Sweden. The parameters investigated were heartwood/sapwood, origin, surface treatment, end-seal, storage and drying method, annual ring width and density. The weight was measured on 67 occasions during 9 years in order to assess the moisture content of the samples. The mass loss was determined for each sample at the end of the trial. Sapwood had a higher moisture uptake and a higher mass loss compared with heartwood. Even if sapwood was painted with an impermeable paint and then end-sealed, it still had higher average moisture content than heartwood. The results also demonstrated that sapwood was more sensitive to different handling conditions than heartwood. Sapwood was sensitive to air-drying and water storage, which was evident in the higher moisture uptake. In terms of mass loss, some differences were evident but they were not statistically significant due to the large standard deviation of the sapwood samples from water-stored logs. The only positive influence of water storage was on samples end-dipped in oil. One explanation could be that water storage led to increased permeability due to bacterial attack, which in turn enhanced the penetration of the oil. Heartwood had low and stable moisture dynamics during the test period, almost independent of treatment or handling conditions. No correlation with moisture uptake or mass loss was evident among annual ring width, origin or density.

scholarly journals Effects of Fertilization on Wood Formation in Naturally Regenerated Juvenile Silver Birch in a Norway Spruce Stand in South Sweden

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
Josefin A. Nilsson ◽  
Grace Jones ◽  
Charlotta Håkansson ◽  
Åsa Blom ◽  
Johan Bergh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Stem Wood

This study investigates wood density and anatomy of juvenile silver birch stems in Sweden, grown in mixed conifer stands. Our aim is to investigate if fertilization provides increased growth, as well as an eventual reduction in stem wood density. Measurements of basic density, ring width, cell wall thickness, and vessels are analyzed for 20 birch trees. Bark to pith radial sections are analyzed using a light microscope and the freeware ImageJ to compare treatments and ages. The results show that trees with fertilizer treatment have wider growth rings and thinner cell wall thickness compared to unfertilized trees. The fertilized trees also have a lower cambium age at the same height and the same diameter, and a slightly lower stem mean density (420 kg m−3) than the unfertilized stems (460 kg m−3). Fertilizer is a significant determinant of density and cell wall thickness in nonlinear models. The fertilized trees have increased growth and reached a fixed diameter earlier. The age difference between the trees likely explains some of the differences in cell wall thickness. This study supports the use of fertilizer as a silvicultural option for increasing the growth rate of silver birch for a relatively small reduction of wood density.

scholarly journals Physical Properties of Juvenile and Mature Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) Wood from Medvednica Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Tomislav Sedlar ◽  
Tomislav Sinković ◽  
Jelena Trajković ◽  
Marin Hasan ◽  
Iva Ištok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Nominal Density ◽  
Sycamore Maple

Physical properties play an important role in predicting wood quality. The aim of this study was to investigate radial variations in physical properties of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) wood, to determine the border between juvenile and mature wood and to compare them with analogous variations in beech wood. Radial variation of density in absolutely dry condition, maximum density, nominal density, longitudinal, radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkage, maximum moisture content and annual ring width on five sycamore maple trees from Medvednica region in Croatia were determined. Observing the trend curves and comparing average values of physical properties, different zones in the cross section of the trunk were determined. In the first zone, from the pith to about 30th annual ring, more rapid changes in physical properties occurred. It is followed by transitional zone, which ranges roughly from 30th to 40th annual ring. After 40th annual ring, less pronounced changes in measured physical properties occurred. Sharp boundary between juvenile and mature wood zones could not be determined. According to the results, the first zone is considered to be juvenile wood, while mature wood starts after the 30th annual ring .

scholarly journals Variation of within-stem biometrical and physical property indices of wood from Cupressus sempervirens L.

BioResources ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1843-1857
Author(s):  
Seyyed Khalil Hosseini Hashemi ◽  
Behzad Kord
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Volume Shrinkage ◽  
Radial Position ◽  
Cupressus Sempervirens ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maximum Moisture Content

Variations in average tracheid dimensions (such as length, diameter, lumen diameter, and wall thickness) and its biometrical ratios including slenderness ratio, flexibility ratio, and Runkell ratio, oven-dry and basic density, longitudinal, radial, tangential, and volume shrinkage, maximum moisture content, and porosity of cypress trees wood (Cupressus sempervirens L.var. horizontalis), which was cultivated in the north of Iran, were studied from the pith to bark (radial position), and along the stem from the base upwards. To measure the mentioned traits, the test specimens were prepared from three stands and 9 discs at different height levels (5, 25, and 50% of the total tree height) based on ASTM-D143 standard. Results indicated that the tracheid length, tracheid cross-sectional dimensions, and its biometrical ratios irregularly varied at each height level, along the stem from the bottom to top, but within the discs, at the same height level biometrical traits in the radial position regularly increased from the pith to bark. Within the tree, wood oven-dry and basic density, longitudinal, radial, tangential, and volume shrinkage varied at each height level, decreasing along the stem from the base upwards. Within the discs, at the same height level, wood density and shrinkage, except for longitudinal shrinkage in the radial position, increased from the pith to bark. The maximum moisture content and porosity varied at each height level, increasing along the stem from the bottom to the top of the tree. Moreover, within the discs, at the same height level in the radial direction porosity decreased and maximum moisture content increased except for at 5% of height level from the pith to bark.

scholarly journals Geographic variations of wood properties of Larix sibirica naturally grown in Mongolia

Silva Fennica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayasaa Tumenjargal ◽  
Futoshi Ishiguri ◽  
Haruna Aiso-Sanada ◽  
Yusuke Takahashi ◽  
Bayartsetseg Baasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Stress Wave ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Larix Sibirica ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Annual Ring Width ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stress Wave Velocity

Geographic variations in growth, stress-wave velocity of stem, dynamic Young’s modulus of stems and logs, annual ring width, latewood percentage and basic density were investigated for (Münchh.) Ledeb. naturally grown in Mongolia. A total of 250 trees with 20 to 30 cm in stem diameter at a height of 1.3 m above ground level were selected from each natural stand in five different provenances in Mongolia. In addition, five trees in each stand were cut for measuring dynamic Young’s modulus of stems and logs, annual ring width, latewood percentage and basic density. Mean values of stress-wave velocity of stems in each stand ranged from 2.92 to 3.41 km s, and the mean value of five stands was 3.23 km s. Mean values of dynamic Young’s modulus of logs in each stand ranged from 5.17 to 9.72 GPa. A significant correlation ( = 0.798,  < 0.01) was found between stress-wave velocity of stems and dynamic Young’s modulus of logs. Among the five stands, the highest and the lowest values of average annual ring number were 193 and 44, respectively. Mean values of basic density in five trees within each stand were examined and ranged from 0.52 to 0.56 g cm. Significant differences among five stands were found in tree height, stress-wave velocity of stem, dynamic Young’s modulus of stems and logs, annual ring width and latewood percentage, suggesting that trees naturally grown in Mongolia have geographic variations in mechanical properties of wood.Larix sibirica–1–1rp–3L. sibirica

Wood Quality of Sugi (Cryptomeria Japonica) Grown at four initial Spacings

IAWA Journal ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ishiguri ◽  
S. Kasai ◽  
S. Yokota ◽  
K. Iizuka ◽  
N. Yoshizawa
Keyword(s):  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Density Control ◽  
Initial Spacing

Wood quality is affected by silviculture, which includes factors such as stand density control and genetics. In the present study, the effects of initial spacing on the general wood quality and lumber quality of sugi wood (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) were examined. Logs of 35-year-old sugi were cut from four stands with different initial spacing (A: 2.6 by 2.6 m, 1,500 trees/ha; B: 1.8 by 1.8 m, 3,000 trees/ha; C: 1.3 by 1.3 m, 6,000 trees/ha; D: 1.0 by 1.0 m, 10,000 trees/ha). Trees from stand A showed significantly larger values in annual ring width than trees from the other stands. However, there were no significant differences in the wood basic density, the length of latewood tracheids, and the microfibril angle of the S2 layer among stands. On the other hand, initial spacing affected the lumber quality. The average diameter of knots was significantly larger in stand A than in the other stands. In addition, the dynamic Young's modulus, the modulus of rupture, and the modulus of elasticity in static bending increased with the decrease in the initial spacing from 2.6 by 2.6 m to 1.3 by 1.3 m.

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