A RARE CASE OF CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRAGIC FEVER

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic (CCHF) fever is a viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Nairovirus of Bunyaviridae family. The course of illness is often acute and rapidly progressive with symptoms such as fever, Headache, Bodyache, Back ache. As the disease progresses large areas of bruising, uncontrolled bleeding nose and injection sites can occur. In the worst case scenarios complications such as disseminated intravascular coagulation, Shock and Acute respiratory distress syndrome can occur. The fatality of CCHF ranges from 9-40%. The long term effects of CCHF are yet to be studied. The majority of deaths have been reported in duration of 5-14 days of illness.

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Effect of Antenatal Administration of Betamethasone on Hospital Costs and Survival of Premature Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.68.5.633 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 68 (5) ◽

pp. 633-637 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dana E. Johnson ◽

David P. Munson ◽

Theodore R. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Premature Infants ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Hospital Costs ◽

Glucocorticoid Therapy ◽

Hospital Charges ◽

Respiratory Morbidity ◽

University Of Minnesota ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

The University

Prenatal administration of glucocorticoids has been shown to decrease the incidence and severity of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants, but little is known regarding the immediate economic impact of this reduction in respiratory morbidity. This study retrospectively examined 342 infants born during 1978 and 1979 and hospitalized in the University of Minnesota Hospitals. Comparison of survival and the hospital charges for infants whose mothers had or had not received prenatal glucocorticoid therapy showed that administration of glucocorticoids had a significant effect in lowering mortality in infants with birth weights between 750 and 1,249 gm (27 to 29 weeks' gestation). Glucocorticoid therapy was also effective in decreasing morbidity as reflected by hospital charges of surviving infants with birth weights between 1,250 and 1,749 gm (30 to 32 weeks' gestation). In both steroid-treated and nontreated mothers, prolongation of gestation decreases hospital charges in a linear fashion. The noted decrease in hospital costs should not justify prenatal glucocorticoid administration but should stimulate examination of long-term effects of the drug on surviving infants.

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EFFECTS OF UNTREATED AND CHEMICALLY DISPERSED OIL ON TROPICAL MARINE COMMUNITIES: A LONG-TERM FIELD EXPERIMENT

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-1989-1-447 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 1989 (1) ◽

pp. 447-454 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Thomas G. Ballou ◽

Stephen C. Hess ◽

Richard E. Dodge ◽

Anthony H. Knap ◽

Thomas D. Sleeter

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Sea Urchins ◽

Exposure Level ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Worst Case ◽

Dispersed Oil ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Chemically Dispersed Oil ◽

Term Field

ABSTRACT A multidisciplinary long-term field experiment was conducted to evaluate the use of chemical dispersants to reduce the adverse environmental effects of oil spills in nearshore, tropical waters. Three study sites, whose intertidal and subtidal components consisted of mangroves, seagrass beds, and coral reefs, were studied in detail before, during, and after exposure to untreated crude oil or chemically dispersed oil. This study simulated an unusually high (“worst case”) exposure level of dispersed oil and a moderate exposure level of untreated oil. The third site served as an untreated reference site. Assessments were made of the distribution and extent of contamination by hydrocarbons over time, and the short- and long-term effects on survival, abundance, and growth of the dominant flora and fauna of each habitat. The whole, untreated oil had severe, long-term effects on survival of mangroves and associated fauna, and relatively minor effects on seagrasses, corals, and associated organisms. Chemically dispersed oil caused declines in the abundance of corals, sea urchins, and other reef organisms, reduced coral growth rate in one species, and had minor or no effects on seagrasses and mangroves. Conclusions were drawn from these results on decision making for actual spills based on trade-offs between dispersing or not dispersing the oil. This report deals only with the major results of the study. A large number of parameters were monitored, but in the interest of brevity only the most important aspects of the study are reported here. A detailed description of the methods used and a complete presentation and discussion of results is given in Ballou et al.2

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Worst case scenario: potential long-term effects of invasive predatory lionfish (Pterois volitans) on Atlantic and Caribbean coral-reef communities

Environmental Biology of Fishes ◽

10.1007/s10641-011-9795-1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 96 (10-11) ◽

pp. 1151-1157 ◽

Cited By ~ 177

Author(s):

Mark A. Albins ◽

Mark A. Hixon

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Pterois Volitans ◽

Case Scenario ◽

Worst Case ◽

Worst Case Scenario ◽

Reef Communities ◽

Caribbean Coral ◽

Caribbean Coral Reef

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Is Cannabis Harmless? Focus on Brain Function

Current Drug Research Reviews ◽

10.2174/2589977511666180809165622 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 33-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

John C. Ashton

Keyword(s):

Mental Health Problems ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Life Outcomes ◽

Mental Functioning ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Worst Case ◽

Life Functioning ◽

Withdrawal Effects

Background: The degree to which cannabis use causes long term harm to mental functioning is contentious. Objective: To determine the evidence for residual and long term effects of cannabis use on mental functions. Method: Comprehensively review human studies addressing detrimental effects on human mental and life functioning. Results: Heavy use causes immediate effects on perception, mood and sedation, but also deficits in cognitive ability. But cessation following heavy use has withdrawal effects and is associated with residual effects on cognition that may last for several weeks. Heavy use also raises the risk of impoverishment of life outcomes and a decline in socioeconomic status as well as the risk of mental health problems. Young age at the start of heavy cannabis use causes a risk of lifelong detrimental effects, and as a worst case together with genetic vulnerability exacerbate a predisposition to schizophrenia. Conclusion: Heavy regular use of cannabis that begins in adolescence heightens the risk of longterm impairment of life and mental functioning.

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Hantavirus

Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1733803 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (06) ◽

pp. 822-827

Author(s):

Raúl Riquelme

Keyword(s):

Distress Syndrome ◽

Capillary Permeability ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Organ Damage ◽

Human Infection ◽

Clinical Suspicion ◽

Rapid Progression ◽

The North ◽

Clinical Syndromes ◽

Bunyaviridae Family

AbstractHantaviruses are tri-segmented lipid-enveloped RNA viruses belonging to the Bunyaviridae family. Human infection corresponds to a zoonosis associated with two different clinical syndromes: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome that occurs in Asia and Europe and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) that occurs in the North America, Central America and South America. The major pathogenic mechanisms in HCPS include (1) direct microvascular endothelial injury leading to increased capillary permeability and the development of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and acute respiratory distress syndrome, and (2) exaggerated host immune response leading to secondary organ damage. The incubation period for this disease is quite long (6–39 days, median: 18 days); however, rapid progression to respiratory failure and shock can occur highlighting the importance of high index of clinical suspicion. Management revolves around high-quality supportive care. Various management and preventative strategies are currently being explored and warrant further examination to improve the overall outlook following infection with hantavirus.

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Ovarian Dysfunction in Fetally Irradiated Beagles

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100080717 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 658-659

Author(s):

T. M. Seed ◽

M. H. Sanderson ◽

D. L. Gutzeit ◽

T. E. Fritz ◽

D. V. Tolle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gamma Rays ◽

Low Dose ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Ovarian Dysfunction ◽

Dose Rates ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Microscopic Evaluation ◽

Ovarian Pathology ◽

Normal Offspring

The developing mammalian fetus is thought to be highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. However, dose, dose-rate relationships are not well established, especially the long term effects of protracted, low-dose exposure. A previous report (1) has indicated that bred beagle bitches exposed to daily doses of 5 to 35 R 60Co gamma rays throughout gestation can produce viable, seemingly normal offspring. Puppies irradiated in utero are distinguishable from controls only by their smaller size, dental abnormalities, and, in adulthood, by their inability to bear young.We report here our preliminary microscopic evaluation of ovarian pathology in young pups continuously irradiated throughout gestation at daily (22 h/day) dose rates of either 0.4, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 R/day of gamma rays from an attenuated 60Co source. Pups from non-irradiated bitches served as controls. Experimental animals were evaluated clinically and hematologically (control + 5.0 R/day pups) at regular intervals.

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Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100159412 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 374-375

Author(s):

D.E. Loudy ◽

J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽

J.T. Yarrington ◽

F.Y. Thompson ◽

J.P. Gibson

Keyword(s):

Antidepressant Drug ◽

Beagle Dogs ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Platelet Counts ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

Induced Aggregation ◽

Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

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