Hantavirus

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (06) ◽  
pp. 822-827
Author(s):  
Raúl Riquelme
Keyword(s):  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Capillary Permeability ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
The North ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Bunyaviridae Family

AbstractHantaviruses are tri-segmented lipid-enveloped RNA viruses belonging to the Bunyaviridae family. Human infection corresponds to a zoonosis associated with two different clinical syndromes: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome that occurs in Asia and Europe and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) that occurs in the North America, Central America and South America. The major pathogenic mechanisms in HCPS include (1) direct microvascular endothelial injury leading to increased capillary permeability and the development of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and acute respiratory distress syndrome, and (2) exaggerated host immune response leading to secondary organ damage. The incubation period for this disease is quite long (6–39 days, median: 18 days); however, rapid progression to respiratory failure and shock can occur highlighting the importance of high index of clinical suspicion. Management revolves around high-quality supportive care. Various management and preventative strategies are currently being explored and warrant further examination to improve the overall outlook following infection with hantavirus.

A RARE CASE OF CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRAGIC FEVER

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Chintal K Vyas ◽  
Pankaj Garg ◽  
Chintan S. Tilala ◽  
Chirag R. Lashkari
Keyword(s):  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Bunyaviridae Family ◽  
Back Ache ◽  
Uncontrolled Bleeding

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic (CCHF) fever is a viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Nairovirus of Bunyaviridae family. The course of illness is often acute and rapidly progressive with symptoms such as fever, Headache, Bodyache, Back ache. As the disease progresses large areas of bruising, uncontrolled bleeding nose and injection sites can occur. In the worst case scenarios complications such as disseminated intravascular coagulation, Shock and Acute respiratory distress syndrome can occur. The fatality of CCHF ranges from 9-40%. The long term effects of CCHF are yet to be studied. The majority of deaths have been reported in duration of 5-14 days of illness.

Some Experiments and Observations on the Longevity of Diphyllobothrium Infections

1936 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Leiper
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Natural Area ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Typical Instance ◽  
Diphyllobothrium Latum

In an article on “The Longevity of Diphyllobothrium latum” published in 1935 in the “Recueil des Travaux dédié au 25-me Anniversaire Scientifique du Professeur Eugène Paviosky 1909−1934”, it is suggested that present day conceptions regarding the longevity of this parasite are erroneous and that multiple successive infections are frequently attributed to a single long-lived specimen. Ward gives a detailed review and analysis of the evidence hitherto published both in general works and special monographs and cites as specially important the history of the occurrence of this species on the North American continent. He points out that the age of the parasite is regularly based on the statement that the host had not been in an infected region for the period indicated. To this statement, Ward puts forward the objections that the distribution of the parasite and the natural occurrence of plerocercoid carrying fish are far more extensive than was formerly suspected and, further, that infected fish are distributed commercially as food to regions far outside their natural area of distribution. He also refers to certain records which seem to indicate that there is a “period of inactivity” during the adult life of the parasite and suggests that its alleged occurrence throws doubt upon the supposed longevity of the parasite. In support of this contention, he cites, as a typical instance, a case of human infection with Diphyllobothrium latum reported by me (Leiper, 1928) as a “cryptic infection”; regarding which he erroneously states that I believed was “latent” for 5 years.

scholarly journals Epidemic Activity of Natural Tularemia Foci in the Territory of the Russian Federation in 2018 and Forecast of the Situation for 2019

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yu. Kudryavtseva ◽  
V. P. Popov ◽  
A. N. Mokrievich ◽  
N. D. Pakskina ◽  
A. V. Kholin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Far East ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Control Center ◽  
The North ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Statistical Survey

Objective of the study – assessment of epizootic and epidemic situation on tularemia in 2018 and forecasting the risk of infection in the territory of the Russian Federation in 2019. Analysis of epidemiological situation was carried out on the basis of the data from monitoring activities performed by the Rospotrebnadzor institutions and the data contained in the reports of the Irkutsk Research Anti-Plague Institute of Siberia and Far East, Plague Control Center, Federal Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology, as well as federal statistical survey forms No 5 “Information on preventive vaccination” and No 2 “Information on infectious and parasitic  diseases” over the period of January-December 2018 in eight Federal Districts including 85 constituent entities. Given are the retrospective data on tularemia epidemic situation in the territory of the Russian Federation over the past decade. 1944 human tularemia cases were registered in Russia between 2009 and 2018, 1005 out of which occurred during epidemic outbreak in 2013 in Khanty-Manssiysk Autonomous Region. High sporadic and small cluster incidence was mainly observed in the territories of the North-estern and Siberian Federal Districts over the recent years. In 2018, 71 cases of human infection with tularemia agent were reported. Epizootic manifestations of varying degree of intensity were detected in 52 entities of Russia. Against that background, sporadic cases of human infection were registered in 19 regions of the country. For three years epidemic complications expressed to the maximum were observed in the Omsk Region – 18 cases of tularemia infection, and Karelia – 14 cases, respectively. 15 Francisella tularensis cultures were isolated from ambient  environment objects in Pskov, Leningrad Regions, Altai Territory, Republics of Altai and Tuva. Conclusions have been drawn in relation to the regions where epidemic complications associated with tularemia are most likely to emerge in 2019. 

Pulmonary Edema I: Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Esper ◽  
Greg S Martin ◽  
Gerald W. Staton Jr
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Capillary Permeability ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Lung Mechanics ◽  
Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema

There are two categories of pulmonary edema: edema caused by increased capillary pressure (hydrostatic or cardiogenic edema) and edema caused by increased capillary permeability (noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, or acute respiratory distress syndrome). This review focuses on cardiogenic pulmonary edema and describes the general approach to patients with suspected cardiogenic pulmonary edema. The pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of cardiogenic pulmonary edema are reviewed. Figures include chest scans showing pulmonary edema and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, an illustration of the differences between cardiogenic and noncardiogenic edema, and a chart comparing lung mechanics and other variables in experimental models of cardiogenic pulmonary edema and noncardiogenic edema. Tables show clinical characteristics of patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema and treatment options. This review contains 3 figures, 4 tables, and 24 references. Key words: cardiogenic pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, Starling’s law

scholarly journals Emerging Natural Focal Infectious Diseases in Russia: A Medical–Geographical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8005
Author(s):  
Svetlana Malkhazova ◽  
Polina Pestina ◽  
Anna Prasolova ◽  
Dmitry Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Current Status ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
The North

In Russia, as in other countries, the problem of emerging natural focal infectious diseases (EIDs) became more acute toward the end of the 20th century. However, the situation in Russia is unknown to foreign readers, while the prevention and control of these diseases require international collaboration. The aim of the study is to provide a medical–geographical assessment of the distribution of the main natural focal EIDs in Russia, as well as to present the approaches used in the country to create aggregate maps of risk assessment. To consider its current status, we determined the most important natural focal EIDs for Russia (tick-borne encephalitis, ixodid tick-borne borrelioses, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever, West Nile fever, Astrakhan spotted fever, leptospiroses, and tularemia) and analyzed the patterns of their epidemic manifestation. As a result, a working classification of such infections and a series of maps showing the current situation of EID morbidity in Russia were created. To design an aggregated risk map, we developed an original mapping methodology and recalculated the model disease incidence by taking data from administrative units and adjusting them for natural geographical boundaries (biomes) for European Russia, and then evaluated the risk of infection for separate model diseases and for a set of them. The highest risk rates are confined to the northwest regions of European Russia, the Cis-Urals and the Volga region, which are naturally related to forest biomes, as well as to the southern steppe regions of the interfluves between the Volga and the Don, and the foothills of the North Caucasus.

scholarly journals Translational Research in Intensive Care Unit: Novel Approaches for Drug Development and Personalized Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (05) ◽  
pp. 687-698
Author(s):  
Romit J. Samanta ◽  
Charlotte Summers
Keyword(s):  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
And Personalized Medicine ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe major clinical presentations seen by critical care physicians are sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), both of which are heterogeneous clinical syndromes rather than specific diagnoses. The current diagnostic criteria provide little insight into the mechanisms underlying these heterogeneous syndromes and minimal progress has been made with regard to the development of therapies, despite many large randomized controlled trials being undertaken. This review outlines the advances made in improved characterization of critically-ill patients, using ARDS as an exemplar, and highlights the need for this improved patient characterization to be coupled with mechanistic science to develop therapies that target specific pathomechanisms.

scholarly journals ‘Bobo-Newton Syndrome’: An Unwanted Gift from Man’s Best Friend

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Y Popiel ◽  
Donald C Vinh
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Capnocytophaga Canimorsus ◽  
Oral Flora ◽  
Blood Isolate ◽  
Negative Bacillus ◽  
Clinical Syndromes

Capnocytophaga canimorsusis a facultative Gram-negative bacillus that is typically a constituent of the oral flora of dogs and cats. It was first isolated by Bobo and Newton in 1976 from a man presenting with meningitis following a dog bite. Transmission to humans follows various animal-related injuries, which may be gross or subtle.C canimorsuscan cause a spectrum of syndromes ranging from skin and soft tissue infection to invasive disease such as meningitis or endocarditis. The present article reports a case ofC canimorsusmeningitis in a patient with the classic risk factor of alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Clinical suspicion was confirmed by culture and genetic identification of the blood isolate. The present article reviews theCapnocytophagagenus, the clinical syndromes most commonly associated with this zoonotic organism, its laboratory identification and treatment.

scholarly journals Filgrastim as a Rescue Therapy for Persistent Neutropenia in a Case of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Myocarditis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desh Deepak ◽  
Rakesh Garg ◽  
Mridula Pawar ◽  
Neerja Banerjee ◽  
Rakesh Solanki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Rescue Therapy ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Standard Management

Pathogenesis of dengue involves suppression of immune system leading to development of characteristic presentation of haematological picture of thrombocytopenia and leucopenia. Sometimes, this suppression in immune response is responsible for deterioration in clinical status of the patient in spite of all specific and supportive therapy. Certain drugs like steroids are used for rescue therapy in conditions like sepsis. We present a novel use of filgrastim as a rescue therapy in a patient with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), myocarditis, and febrile neutropenia and not responding to standard management.

scholarly journals Roles for Endothelial Cells in Dengue Virus Infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine A. Dalrymple ◽  
Erich R. Mackow
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Capillary Permeability ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Barrier Functions ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Primary Fluid

Dengue viruses cause two severe diseases that alter vascular fluid barrier functions, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The endothelium is the primary fluid barrier of the vasculature and ultimately the effects of dengue virus infection that cause capillary leakage impact endothelial cell (EC) barrier functions. The ability of dengue virus to infect the endothelium provides a direct means for dengue to alter capillary permeability, permit virus replication, and induce responses that recruit immune cells to the endothelium. Recent studies focused on dengue virus infection of primary ECs have demonstrated that ECs are efficiently infected, rapidly produce viral progeny, and elicit immune enhancing cytokine responses that may contribute to pathogenesis. Furthermore, infected ECs have also been implicated in enhancing viremia and immunopathogenesis within murine dengue disease models. Thus dengue-infected ECs have the potential to directly contribute to immune enhancement, capillary permeability, viremia, and immune targeting of the endothelium. These effects implicate responses of the infected endothelium in dengue pathogenesis and rationalize therapeutic targeting of the endothelium and EC responses as a means of reducing the severity of dengue virus disease.

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