ROLE OF ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS ON SURGICAL SITE INFECTION IN ELECTIVE ABDOMINAL SURGER

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-96
Author(s):  
Raj Kumar Negi ◽  
Ramesh Bharti ◽  
S.C Jaryal
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Surgical Incision ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Surgical site infection (SSI) are healthcare-associated infections(HAIs) with signicant source of preventable morbidity and mortality. Prophylactic antibiotics are used most often to prevent infection of a surgical incision. S. aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Enterococci are the three organisms most commonly isolated from SSI

scholarly journals Effect of a single preoperative dose of oral antibiotic to reduce the incidence of surgical site infection following below-knee dermatological flap and graft repair

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Rosengren ◽  
Clare Heal ◽  
Petra Buettner
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Double Blind

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) rates for below-knee dermatological surgery are unacceptably high, particularly following complex flap and graft closures. The role of antibiotic prophylaxis for these surgical cases is uncertain. Objective: To determine whether SSI following complex dermatological closures on the leg could be reduced by antibiotic prophylaxis administered as a single oral preoperative dose. Methods: A total of 115 participants were randomized to 2 g of oral cephalexin or placebo 40-60 minutes prior to surgical incision in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at a primary care skin cancer clinic in North Queensland, Australia. Results: Overall 17/55 (30.9%) controls and 14/55 (25.5%) intervention participants developed infection (P = 0.525). There was no difference between the study groups in adverse symptoms that could be attributed to high-dose antibiotic administration (P = 1).

scholarly journals Antibiotic Prophylaxis against Surgical Site Infection after Open Hernia Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Lolwah Al Riyees ◽  
Wedad Al Madani ◽  
Nistren Firwana ◽  
Hanan H. Balkhy ◽  
Mazen Ferwana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hernia Repair ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Hernia Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The role of antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) in the prevention of surgical site infection (SSI) after hernia repair is debated. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the evidence on the value of prophylactic antibiotics in reducing the risks of SSI after open hernia surgery. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We ran an online and manual search to identify relevant randomized controlled trials that compared prophylactic antibiotics to nonantibiotic controls in patients undergoing open surgical hernia repair. Data on SSI risk were extracted and pooled as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), using RevMan software. We further used the Cochrane risk of bias tool and GRADE assessment to evaluate the quality of generated evidence. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Twenty-nine studies (<i>N</i> = 8,616 patients) were included in the current analysis. Antibiotic prophylaxis reduced the risk of SSI in open hernia repair patients (RR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.53, 0.79). Subgroup analysis showed a significant benefit for antibiotics in mesh repair patients (RR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.48, 0.76) yet no significant difference in SSI risk after herniorrhaphy (RR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.54, 1.36). In addition, AP was associated with a significant reduction in superficial SSI risk (RR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.43, 0.72) but not deep SSI (RR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.30, 1.62). Further analysis showed a significant reduction in SSI risk with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefazolin but not with cefuroxime. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The present meta-analysis suggests that AP is beneficial prior to open mesh hernia repair. However, the quality of evidence was low, and further well-designed trials are needed.

Effect of Prophylactic Antibiotics in Orthopaedic Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2969-2970
Author(s):  
Muhammad Siraj ◽  
Abbas Ali ◽  
Mudir Khan
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
Implant Removal ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Orthopaedic surgeries require sensitive protocol for prevention of infection pre and post-surgery. Antibiotic-prophylaxis has been reported for reducing risk of infection in orthopaedic surgeries such as removal of implants. Aim: To assess the effect of prophylactic antibiotics in orthopaedic surgery. Study design: Retrospective study Place and duration of study: Dept. of Orthopaedics, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from 1-1-2020 to 31-12- 2020. Methodology: One hundred and ten patients within 18-75 years were divided into two groups. Each group had 55 patients. Group 1 were given prophylactic antibiotics pre-operative as a single dose while group 2 were given only saline. All patients were admitted for removal of orthopaedic implants in foot, ankle or leg. Patients 30 days record was observed for any surgical-site infection. Results: The mean age of patient was 42.95±10.8 years. Group 1 and Group 2 had more males than females. There were 10.9% and 9.09% diabetic patients within group 1 and group 2. The 30 days assessment of post implant removal orthopaedic surgery showed a decrease of surgical-site infection in group 1. Surgical-site infection decreased by a rate of 5.4% among patients who were given cefazolin antibiotic. Conclusion: The effect of prophylactic antibiotic reduces chance of surgical-site infection in orthopaedic surgery. Keywords: Antibiotic-prophylaxis, Orthopaedic surgery, Implant-removal, Surgical-site infection

French National Program for Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, 1992–2008: Positive Trends, But Perseverance Needed

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 737-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Carlet ◽  
Pascal Astagneau ◽  
Christian Brun-Buisson ◽  
Bruno Coignard ◽  
Valérie Salomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
National Program ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Process Indicators ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Objective.To describe the French program for the prevention of healthcare-associated infections and antibiotic resistance and provide results for some of the indicators available to evaluate the program. In addition to structures and process indicators, the 2 outcome indicators selected were the rate of surgical site infection and the proportion of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates among the S. aureus isolates recovered.Design.Descriptive study of the evolution of the national structures for control of healthcare-associated infections since 1992. Through national surveillance networks, process indicators were available from 1993 to 2006, surgical site infection rates were available from 1999 to 2005, and prevalence rates for MRSA infection were available from 2001 to 2007.Results.A comprehensive national program has gradually been set up in France during the period from 1993 to 2004, which included strengthening of organized infection control activities at the local, regional, and national levels and developing large networks for surveillance of specific infections and antibiotic resistance. These achievements were complemented by instituting mandatory notification for unusual nosocomial events, especially outbreaks. The second phase of the program involved the implementation of 5 national quality indicators with public reporting. Surgical site infection rates decreased by 25% over a 6-year period. In France, the median proportion of MRSA among S. aureus isolates recovered from patients with bacteremia decreased from 33.4% to 25.7% during the period from 2001 to 2007, whereas this proportion increased in many other European countries.Conclusions.Very few national programs have been evaluated since the Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control. Although continuing efforts are required, the French program appears to have been effective at reducing infection rates.

Antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery

2018 ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
Abdullah Jibawi ◽  
Mohamed Baguneid ◽  
Arnab Bhowmick
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
Penicillin Allergy ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Common Cause

Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common cause of nosocomial infection and prophylactic antibiotics are used to reduce post-operative wound infection. To identify risk factors for developing SSIs and to prescribe antibiotics for both prophylactic and therapeutic treatment according to local guidelines is very important. Beta lactams should be avoided in case of penicillin allergy and risk of multidrug resistance. C. diff infection should be considered with prolonged use of antibiotics.

Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
A.G. Salmanov ◽  
O.M. Verner ◽  
L.F. Slepova
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Major Clinical Problem

Species of the Acinetobacter represent opportunistic bacteria with a growing clinical significance for Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). In this literature review, we focus on the current role of Acinetobacter in infectious pathology and describe taxonomy, pathogenicity, and antibiotic resistance of these bacteria. Pathogenesis and regulation of virulence factors in Acinetobacter spp. are described in detail. The majority of acinetobacterial infections are associated with A. baumannii and occur predominantly in an immunocompromised host. Usually, acinetobacterial  infections  are characterized by local purulent inflammation; in severe cases, meningitis and sepsis may develop. Antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter is a major clinical problem; therefore we give special attention to laboratory testing of resistance to antibiotics as well as identification of Acinetobacter.

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