DIVERSITY AND RESIDENTIAL STATUS OF WADER BIRDS AT HODAL IN PALWAL DISTRICT, IN HARYANA, INDIA.

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
Priyanka Chandna
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Avian Diversity ◽  
Wading Birds ◽  
Residential Status ◽  
Wading Bird ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
River Yamuna ◽  
River Narmada ◽  
Behavioural Adaptations

Waders belonging to order Charadriiformes are commonly found along shorelines and mudats that wade in order to forage for food (such as insects or crustaceans) in the mud or sand. Bogs, marshes, mudats, shorelines, ponds, and ooded areas are all popular habitats for wading birds. The waders include storks, spoonbills, cranes, herons, egrets and ibises. They have certain physical and behavioural adaptations for living on or near water. Wading birds depend on water as a source of food, shelter, and nesting sites. Wading birds wade into shallow water to obtain food, instead of swimming and diving in water in search of feed that is not found on land. If we study the morphology of wading birds, they have lots of characteristics and adaptations that are useful in a watery habitat. Long legs of the wading birds help them to keep their feathers high and dry when wading into water in search of food. A long neck and a long bill are adaptations that make it possible to strike at prey while walking around on long legs. The benets of wading bird′s long, thin, spread-out toes are three-fold: toes help them to keep their balance and also help them to walk in mud without sinking. While walking in water and mushy mud, thin toes are easier to lift and set down. Spread-out toes also prevent them from sinking into soft mud in the water and at the water's edge, and above all those toes also disperse the weight of these big, tall birds, helping them keep their balance over their long legs. Waders are ecologically dependent on wetlands, as they provide good habitat to them for feeding, roosting, breeding, nesting, pre-migratory requirements, migration and protection from predators. So, wet lands plays an important part in the life cycle of wading birds. Wetlands have got highest capacity and are often extremely rich in bird and animal life. The present study aims at the assessment of diversity and residential status of wading birds in Yamuna basin near Hodal in Palwal District. It is located at 27°53′39″N and 77°22′09″E having an average elevation of 190 meters. Many ornithologists pay lots of their attention on eld study of birds during the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth century and till today many more are involved in the study of avian diversity near rivers. Avian fauna of Kalesar forests in immediate vicinity of River Yamuna in Yamuna-nagar District has been analysed by Kalsi (1998). Kulkarni et al.(2011) reported 151 species of birds from river Godavari; Balapureet al. (2012) reported 63 avian species from river Narmada. Other workers like Bahuguna(2008), Taketal.(2010), Gupta & Kaushik (2011), Gupta et.al(2012), Anupma et al (2014), Ankita et al (2019) have studied wetlands birds in various regions along the banks of rivers.

Co-operative Wineries in Italy and Spain in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century: Success or Failure of the Co-operative Business Model?

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO J. MEDINA-ALBALADEJO ◽  
TITO MENZANI
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Current State ◽  
Main Target ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Wine Sector

The evolution of the co-operative wine sector in traditional wine-producing countries in southern Europe, such as France, Italy, Spain, and Portugal, presents similar historical features in the first half of the twentieth century. However, the analysis of their current state shows that Spanish co-operatives are smaller in size than their French and Italian counterparts. Additionally, the analysis shows that Italian (and French) co-operatives have adopted a more modern business model. The main target of this work is to establish the reasons behind the differences between the Spanish and the more successful Italian co-operative wine sectors. This is carried out through comparative analysis and the examination of the development of both sectors. For this, the framework of the co-operative business life cycle is used.

Flock formation and the role of plumage colouration in Ardeidae

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Clay Green ◽  
Paul L Leberg
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Wading Birds ◽  
Plumage Colouration ◽  
Wading Bird ◽  
White Plumage ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Colour Morphs ◽  
Egretta Rufescens

It has been hypothesized that white plumage facilitates flock formation in Ardeidae. We conducted four experiments using decoys to test factors involved in attracting wading birds to a specific pond. The first three experiments tested the effects of plumage colouration, flock size, and species-specific decoys on flock formation. The fourth experiment examined intraspecific differences in flock choice between the two colour morphs of the reddish egret, Egretta rufescens (Gmelin, 1789). Wading birds landed at flocks of decoys more often than single or no decoys (P < 0.001) but exhibited no overall attraction to white plumage (P > 0.05). White-plumaged species were attracted to white decoys (P < 0.001) and dark-plumaged species were attracted to dark decoys (P < 0.001). Snowy egrets (E. thula (Molina, 1782)), great egrets (Ardea alba L., 1758), and little blue herons (E. caerulea (L., 1758)) landed more often at ponds that contained decoys resembling conspecifics. At the intraspecific level, all observed reddish egrets selected flocks with like-plumaged decoys. Our results suggest that plumage colouration is an attractant for species with similar plumage, but white plumage is not an attractant for all wading bird species. White plumage may facilitate flock formation in certain species but does not serve as a universal attractant for wading birds of varying plumage colouration and size.

scholarly journals Introduction: Young women in Europe in the era of ‘first-wave’ feminisms: analyses of generation and gender

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-345
Author(s):  
MARY JO MAYNES
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Young People ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Elementary Schooling ◽  
And Gender ◽  
New Phase

During the course of the nineteenth century, the parameters defining ‘youth’, marking its beginning and its end, were becoming more precise and more institutionally defined for both girls and boys in Europe. More than any other phenomenon or institution, elementary schooling (and leaving school) contributed to a certain ‘normalization’ of the life cycle for young people. By the end of the nineteenth century, most girls as well as boys attended school at least intermittently until at least age 12 or 13; at school-leaving a new phase of life began. Throughout much of Europe a select minority of middle-class and upper-class young women joined their brothers at universities, as higher education became first a possibility and then a routine for them in the last decades of the nineteenth and the first decades of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals A comparative study of avian diversity in Teknaf Wildlife Sanctuary, Inani Reserve Forest and Chittagong University campus in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 10158
Author(s):  
M. Farid Ahsan ◽  
Ibrahim Khalil Al Haidar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Avian Diversity ◽  
Wading Birds ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Reserve Forest ◽  
Total Species

We performed a comparative study of birds in Teknaf Wildlife Sanctuary (TWS), Inani Reserve Forest (IRF) and the Chittagong University Campus (CUC) in 2015.  A total of 249 species belonging to 50 families were recorded: 210 species from 46 families in TWS, 187 species from 45 families in IRF, and 182 species from 45 families in CUC.  Of these, 181 species (73%) were resident, 57 (23%) winter visitors, three (1.20%) summer visitors, two (0.80%) passage migrants and five (2%) vagrants.  According to their frequency of occurrence, 73 species (29.32%) were very common, 66 (26.5%) common, 62 (25%) uncommon and 48 (19%) rare. 120 species (48%) were passerines (97 in TWS, 95 in IRF and 97 in CUC) and 129 (52%) non-passerines (113 in TWS, 92 in IRF and 85 in CUC). Among the three areas, TWS had the greatest diversity in terms of total species, (210˃187˃182), residents (161˃148˃134), non-residents (49˃48˃39), forest indicator birds (47˃44˃31) and wading birds (48˃34˃24).

scholarly journals Overview Of System Development Life Cycle Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Kwadwo Kyeremeh
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
System Development ◽  
Systems Development ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
Development Lifecycle ◽  
Development Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Models

During the time half of the twentieth century, the utilization of Programmed computers has become huge. As an outcome, software programming has turned out to be increasingly differing and complex. Also, there are expanding requests on software programming – it must be less expensive, have more usefulness, be conveyed speedier, and be of higher quality than already. In the constantly changing environment and society of programming advancement, the procedures and strategies utilized when growing little projects are not adequate while developing extensive frameworks. As one response to this, distinctive improvement lifecycle models have been characterized. This paper portrays the three fundamental sorts of systems Development lifecycle models, from the successive models using incremental models to transformative models. The iterative advancement technique is additionally examined, and we additionally intricate the association of advancement lifecycle models to two rising fields in programming designing: programming design and part-based programming advancement.

scholarly journals Nesting Island Creation for Wading Birds

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2005 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Leann White ◽  
Peter C. Frederick ◽  
Martin B. Main ◽  
James A. Rodgers, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Wading Birds ◽  
Wildlife Ecology ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wading Bird ◽  
Future Success ◽  
Wetland Habitats

Many long-legged wading birds such as little blue herons (Egretta caerulea), great blue herons (Ardea herodius), and great egrets (Ardea albus) nest together in large aggregations called breeding colonies. Although different species vary in their habitat preferences, wading birds have several common requirements for nesting. Colony sites must provide protection from predators, nesting materials, and nearby foraging areas (Hafner 2000). In the past, wading birds nested in natural wetland habitats that are becoming increasingly scarce as wetland habitats are continually altered or degraded to accommodate human needs. The future success of wading bird populations may be determined by how well they cope with manipulated foraging and nesting habitats. In this document, we make recommendations on the creation of nesting islands for long-legged wading birds.  This document is CIR1473, one of a series of the Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date May 2005. CIR1473/UW223: Nesting Island Creation for Wading Birds (ufl.edu)

Buddhist Salvation Armies as Vanguards of the Sāsana: Sorcerer Societies in Twentieth-Century Burma

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 1083-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Patton
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Buddha

Since the early twentieth century, groups of Burmese Buddhist sorcerers and their followers have taken on the duty of guarding the Buddha's sāsana from colonial, ideological, and Islamic threats. Sāsana (broadly, the teachings of the Buddha and the institutions and practices that support them) and how it should be sustained in the face of its inevitable demise have been central concerns of these societies, expressed in both their textual and oral representations. To illustrate this tension between endurance and change, this article explores ideas of the life cycle of the sāsana and how ideas about its responsibility to wider communities of Burmese Buddhists became expressed through the intersection of sāsana and sorcery. Examining the ways these associations understood themselves to be protecting and propagating the sāsana through various means demonstrates how sāsana vitality gave their beliefs and actions a distinct collective and collectively ethical tone.

A Life Cycle of Management Ideas: A Research Note

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Warner
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
General Management ◽  
General Managers ◽  
Google Books ◽  
Statistical Frequency

The article seeks to map out a life cycle of management ideas in the twentieth century, in terms of their inclusion in books written in English. The examples used include, amongst others, Scientific Management (SM), Human Relations (HR), Human Resource Management (HRM), as well as General Management (GM). This bibliometric study looks at the statistical frequency of terms used therein, as plotted by the Google Books Ngram Project in a data-base of over five million published books. The study presented here uses the aforementioned Harvard/MIT-originated ‘Ngram analysis’ method to create a novel graphic representation of management ideas, to map the frequency of familiar terms in this field, which should be of interest to academics and practitioners, including general managers.

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