scholarly journals ECO-CRITICISM: HUMAN AND PHYSICAL WORLD RELATIONSHIP IN GULLIVER'S TRAVELS.

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Arunakumari S
Keyword(s):  
Natural Theology ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Old English Literature ◽  
Gulliver's Travels ◽  
Travel Books ◽  
Four Books ◽  
Children's Stories

This research paper studies a relationship between literature and the physical world is known as eco-criticism. In English Literature Eco criticism refers to specific types of texts.The word "Eco-criticism" depicts the images of nature, forests, animals, birds, seasons, rivers, cities, and flowers. In addition to novels, eco-criticism contains drama, poetry, travel books,cartoons,fables, short stories,movies, songs,games,children's stories and this is an Old English literature concept that's still trendy today,from Beowulf to the present writer.Animals have existed from the beginning of history. That means animals were depicted in literature since the start of history.When Christianity was introduced to the world, the Holy Bible says God created birds, animals first, at last man, it is called natural theology, and also nature is divine. Critics said,for western people's experience on earth is different from other people on the earth,Westerners believed in "Nature's uncountable sounds... have been deafening." The contrast, which is promoted by social anthropology of animism, highlights an element in contemporary society at large connection towards the physical world which is also gradually becoming a central focus when it comes to the environment."The natural world is a social and cultural category." In animistic traditions, those few who believe that perhaps the natural environment is inspirited, not only human beings, and also for life of animals, trees, and even "inert" entities like stones. Rivers and seas are seen as articulate and sometimes intelligible beings, capable of communicating and interacting with humankind for good and bad.There is also the language of animals,air,horses,lions,seas,trees,in the novel of Gulliver's Travels and in this novel animal world also have politics, rules of their society, they won't allow outsiders, and have own food, medicine, the different body structure of animals,these are the things we can see in Jonathan Swift's Gulliver Travels in all four books.

Elie Bertrand (1713-1797) Sees God's Order in Nature's Record: The 1766 Recueil De Divers Traites Sur L'Historie Naturelle

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennard Bork
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Natural Theology ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Natural World ◽  
The Earth ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Design In Nature ◽  
Theoretical Analyses ◽  
Insight Into

Elie Bertrand (1713-1797) was a Swiss pastor/naturalist whose geological writings are illustrative of the growth of eighteenth-century natural history. Describing, cataloguing, and classifying formed the core of his work, but he also proposed theoretical analyses based on observations in the field. Bertrand's intellectual roots included Cartesian rationalism, British natural theology, and the Linnacan system of classification. Trained as a theologian. Bertrand viewed the physical world as a proving ground for showing God's Wise Design in nature. He was also committed to empiricism, and repeatedly called for expanding the base of geological knowledge.Several of the published products of Bertrand's attempts to understand the natural world were brought together in the 1766 Recueil de divers traités sur l'histoire naturelle. By briefly considering each of the incorporated papers, it is possible to recognize the topics which interested eighteenth-century naturalists and to develop insight into the methodologies they used. In the Recueil we see Bertrand's eclectic epistemology attempt to deal with such topics as the interior of the earth, earthquakes, fossils, and the origin and Providential use of mountains.Celebrated in his day, Bertrand was a correspondent of Voltaire, a counselor to the Polish court, and a member of numerous learned societies. He published articles in the French Encyclopédic, and his 1763 Dictionnaire universal des fossiles was among the most-read scientific books of the century. The obscurity which enveloped Elie Bertrand seems related in large part to the fact that he was an accumulator of data and a commentator about past theories, rather than an innovator of new concepts. As the natural theology that undergirded his writing became obsolete, the cogency of his arguments diminished. In the context of his time, however, Bertrand is an instructive example of how geoscience matured during what has been termed a sterile period in the development of natural history.

scholarly journals An Ecocritical Reading of Selected Poems of Muhammad Haji Salleh

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Hamoud Yahya Ahmed ◽  
◽  
Ruzy Suliza Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Physical World ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ecological Consciousness ◽  
The World ◽  
Human World ◽  
Literature And Environment ◽  
The Relationship

Ecocriticism is concerned with the relationship between literature and environment or how the relationships between humans and their physical world are reflected in literature. In this paper, we attempt to analyse selected poems of Muhammad Haji Salleh using some concepts from ecocriticism as an analytical lens. The premise of this paper is based on the poet’s symbiotic relationship which has become a significant feature of his work. Using six of his nature poems to exhibit Muhammad’s idea of mutual relationship between the human world and the natural world of environment, we show the poet’s concern about the slightest interference of human beings into the world of nature which results in the disruption of human-nature relationship. Muhammad Haji Salleh does not limit himself to presenting the brighter and darker side of nature, rather he has gone a step further to reveal the very concept of ecosystem and reflect the blossoming of ecological consciousness in modern Malaysian society. This approach of reading Muhammad Haji Salleh exhibits the current interest in the environment and the ways in which it has to be treated with respect and love. By explicating the intrinsic features of nature in his selected poems, we can inculcate environmental awareness and inspire ecological consciousness among people in Malaysia and elsewhere in the world. Keywords: Ecocriticism, ecosystem, interrelationship, ecological consciousness, poetry and Muhammad Haji Salleh

The Measure of Greatness

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Good Life ◽  
Natural World ◽  
The Good Life ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Nature ◽  
Complex Trajectory ◽  
The Many ◽  
Human Excellence ◽  
Ethical Perspectives

Magnanimity is a virtue that has led many lives. Foregrounded early on by Plato as the philosophical virtue par excellence, it became one of the crown jewels in Aristotle’s account of human excellence and was accorded an equally salient place by other ancient thinkers. One of the most distinctive elements of the ancient tradition to filter into the medieval Islamic and Christian worlds, it sparked important intellectual engagements there and went on to carve deep tracks through several later philosophies that inherited from this tradition. Under changing names, under reworked forms, it continued to breathe in the thought of Descartes and Hume, Kant and Nietzsche, and their successors. Its many lives have been joined by important continuities. Yet they have also been fragmented by discontinuities—discontinuities reflecting larger shifts in ethical perspectives and competing answers to questions about the nature of the good life, the moral nature of human beings, and their relationship to the social and natural world they inhabit. They have also been punctuated by moments of controversy in which the greatness of this vision of human greatness has itself been called into doubt. This volume provides a window to the complex trajectory of a virtue whose glitter has at times been as heady as it has been divisive. By exploring the many lives it has lived, we will be in a better position to decide whether and why this is a virtue we might still want to make central to our own ethical lives.

scholarly journals Rational and natural theology in Anne Conway's Principia

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Jonathan Head
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Natural Theology ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Philosophical Theology ◽  
Religious Epistemology

AbstractThis paper gives an account of the religious epistemology and theological working methods used in Anne Conway's Principia Philosophiae antiquissimae et recentissimae (1690). It is argued that the epistemic foundations of Conway's philosophical theology are rooted in a personal revelation of the existence and nature of God, which forms a framework through which the natural world can be approached and studied as creation. In this way, we can clarify both the place of Conway's work in the intellectual currents of the seventeenth century and various aspects of her metaphysical system, such as her account of creation.

Old English Literature.

1903 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
L. Wardlaw Miles ◽  
Charles Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Old English Literature

Old English Literature

1975 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
D. G. SCRAGG
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Old English Literature

scholarly journals CERITA ANAK SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBENTUK KARAKTER ANAK

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Ferdian Achsani
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
School Level ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Children's Stories ◽  
The Right ◽  
Literary Materials

Literature and character education are two things that can not be separated. Literature as a reflection of the life of the community generally teaches the reader to be able to understand the wisdom of the displayed story. Literature can be used as a medium of learning, especially in the process of internalization of the value of character education to learners. The value of character education in the literary work is expected to be followed by the students. Currently, Indonesia is experiencing moral degradation. The need for moral cultivation to the learners aims to create human beings who are virtuous in the future. Each subject has the right to internalize character education to learners. So in the Indonesian language, the process of characterization of character education can be done when learning on literary materials. This study aims to describe the value of character education in Solopos children's stories. this research is included in qualitative descriptive research. The results of this study concluded that in the story Solopos child, there is a value of character education that can be taught to learners, especially at the elementary school level. The results showed that this child's story can be used as a reference for teachers, as a medium to internalize character education at the elementary school level. Sastra dan pendidikan karakter merupakan dua hal yang tidak dapat dipisahkan. Sastra sebagai cerminan kehidupan masyarakat, umumnya mengajarkan kepada pembaca untuk dapat memahami hikmah dari cerita yang ditampilkan. Sastra dapat digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran, terutama dalam proses penginternalisasian nilai pendidikan karakter kepada peserta didik. Nilai pendidikan karakter dalam karya sastra tersebut diharapkan dapat diteladani oleh peserta didik. Saat ini Indonesia sedang mengalami degradasi moral. Perlunya penanaman moral kepada peserta didik bertujuan untuk menciptakan manusia yang berbudi pekerti di masa depan. Setiap mata pelajaran memiliki hak untuk menginternalisasikan pendidikan karakter kepada peserta didik. Maka dalam bahasa Indonesia, proses penginternalisasian pendidikan karakter dapat dilakukan ketika pembelajaran pada materi kesastraan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan nilai pendidikan karakter dalam cerita anak Solopos. penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian diskrptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa dalam cerita anak Solopos, terdapat nilai pendidikan karakter yang dapat diajarkan kepada peserta didik terutama pada jenjang sekolah dasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa cerita anak ini dapat digunakan sebagai rujukkan bagi guru, sebagai media untuk menginternalisasikan pendidikan karakter pada jenjang sekolah dasar.

scholarly journals As palavras e os bichos: sobre o lugar do homem no jogo das representações científicas | The words and the beasts: on the place of man in the game of scientific representations

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milla Benicio
Keyword(s):  
Natural World ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Scientific Representations ◽  
Complex Transformation ◽  
The Creation

RESUMO O principal objetivo deste artigo é traçar o itinerário científico e filosófico que permitiu à modernidade a criação de um novo campo de visibilidade dentro da ciência, enfraqueceu o antigo pressuposto da centralidade do homem em relação aos demais seres e levou a uma complexa transformação nas relações do homem com o mundo natural. Nosso foco será, portanto, a grande reorganização epistemológica e cultural do Ocidente, cujas quebras de paradigmas revolucionaram não apenas as noções ligadas à natureza, mas, principalmente, ao papel do homem nesse cenário.Palavras-chave: Reorganização Epistemológica; Homem; Mundo Natural.      ABSTRACT This article aims to draw the scientific and philosophical route which allowed to modernity the creation of a new field of visibility within science. This field weakened the old assumption of the centrality of human beings in relation to other and led to a complex transformation in human relationships with the natural world. Our focus will therefore be the major epistemological reorganization of the Western, whose breaking paradigms revolutionized not only the concepts related to the nature, but, mainly, to the role of the man in this scenario.Keywords: Epistemological Reorganization; Man; Natural World.

scholarly journals An Approach to the Analysis of Religious Reality in the Social Phenomenology of Alfred Schütz

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-327
Author(s):  
Alexey Sitnikov
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Alfred Schutz ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Multiple Realities ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alfred Schütz ◽  
Social Phenomenology

The article deals with the social phenomenology of Alfred Schütz. Proceeding from the concept of multiple realities, the author describes religious reality, analyses its relationship with everyday, theoretical, and mythological realities, and identifies the areas where they overlap and their specifics. According to Schütz’s concept, reality is understood as something that has a meaning for a human being, and is also consistent and certain for those who are ‘inside’ of it. Realities are structurally similar to one another as they are similar to the reality that is most obvious for all human beings, i.e., the world of everyday life. Religious reality has one of the main signs of genuine reality, that of internal consistency. Religious reality has its own epoché (special ascetic practices) which has similarities with the epoché of the theoretical sphere since neither serve practical objectives, and imply freedom from the transitory issues of everyday life. Just as the theoretical sphere exists independently of the life of a scientist in the physical world and is needed to transfer results to other people, so the religious reality depends on ritual actions and material objects in its striving for the transcendent. Individual, and especially collective, religious practices are performed physically and are inextricably linked with the bodily ritual. The article notes that although Schütz’s phenomenological concept of multiple realities has repeatedly served as a starting point for the development of various social theories, its heuristic potential has not been exhausted. This allows for the further analyzing and development of topical issues such as national identity and its ties with religious tradition in the modern era, when religious reality loses credibility and has many competitors, one of which is the modern myth of the nation. Intersubjective ideas of the nation that are socially confirmed as the self-evident reality of everyday life cause complex emotions and fill human lives, thus displacing religious reality or forcing the latter to come into complex interactions with the national narrative.

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