scholarly journals Effects of Aqueous Extract of Curcuma Longa Rhizome On Motility of Isolated Rabbit Jejunum

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
B Umaru
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Smooth Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Rabbit Jejunum

Turmeric (curcuma longa) is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant of the ginger family and the order Zingerberales. It is widely cultivated and used in the treatment of various ailments. In this study, the effect of aqueous extract of C. longa on isolated rabbit jejunum was investigated in vitro using Physiograph (Meditech, India). The rhizome of Curcumin was extracted using Soxhlet extraction method and distilled water was used as a solvent. The elemental analysis was determined using AAS and the result revealed the presence of Potassium, Magnesium, Iron and Nitrogen. The percentage concentrations of trace elements in the aqueous Curcumin rhizome were within the WHO standard limit. The aqueous extract at concentration tested (100 mg/ml) significantly decreased (p<0.05) jejunum smooth muscle contraction. Addition of Atropine (1mM) or Propranolol (1mM) further decreased the amplitude of jejunum smooth muscle contraction. Curcumin rhizome (100 mg/ml) blocked contraction induced by Ach (0.001μg/ml). The result of this work has shown that rhizome of C. longa produced jejunum smooth muscle relaxation, plant extract with antispasmodic activity may reduce gastrointestinal motility thereby delay gastric emptying and may be important in treatment of disease ailments like diarrhoea and colic.

Change in intramural strain distribution in rat aorta due to smooth muscle contraction and relaxation

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (4) ◽  
pp. H1711-H1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Matsumoto ◽  
M. Tsuchida ◽  
M. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Residual Strain ◽  
Strain Distribution ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Smooth Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Contraction And Relaxation

Effect of smooth muscle contraction on intramural strain distribution in rat thoracic aorta was investigated with residual strain considered. Short segments sliced from the aortas were cut radially to release residual strain in an aerated Krebs-Ringer solution (37 degrees C). Each segment opened up immediately to form an arc. Opening angle was measured at this point and after smooth muscle contraction and relaxation. The angle increased from 97 +/- 11 degrees (means +/- SE, n = 14) to 153 +/- 14 degrees with the contraction and decreased to 68 +/- 9 degrees with the relaxation, indicating increase in residual strain with smooth muscle contraction. Intramural strain distribution at various pressures was calculated from the opening angle and pressure-diameter relations of the aortas. Strain distribution was almost uniform at 55 mmHg under smooth muscle relaxation, whereas this pressure exceeded 200 mmHg because of the increase in residual strain and decrease in vessel diameter under smooth muscle contraction. These results suggest aortic smooth muscle may change its contractile state through myogenic response to keep intramural strain distribution uniform against temporary change in blood pressure and thus maintain mechanical homeostasis in the aortic wall.

Inhibition of sustained smooth muscle contraction by PKA and PKG preferentially mediated by phosphorylation of RhoA

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (6) ◽  
pp. G1006-G1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karnam S. Murthy ◽  
Huiping Zhou ◽  
John R. Grider ◽  
Gabriel M. Makhlouf
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Phosphorylation Site ◽  
Rho Kinase ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Smooth Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Constitutively Active

The role of RhoA in myosin light-chain (MLC)20 dephosphorylation and smooth muscle relaxation by PKA and PKG was examined in freshly dispersed and cultured smooth muscle cells expressing wild-type RhoA, constitutively active RhoV14, and phosphorylation site-deficient RhoA188. Activators of PKA (5,6-dichloro-1-β-ribofuranosyl benzimidazole 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphothionate, Sp-isomer; cBIMPS) or PKG [8-(4-chlorophenylthio)guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (8-pCPT-cGMP), sodium nitroprusside (SNP)] or both PKA and PKG (VIP) induced phosphorylation of constitutively active RhoV14 and agonist (ACh)- or GTPγS-stimulated wild-type RhoA but not RhoA188. Phosphorylation was accompanied by translocation of membrane-bound wild-type RhoA and RhoV14 to the cytosol and complete inhibition of ACh-stimulated Rho kinase and phospholipase D activities, RhoA/Rho kinase association, MLC20phosphorylation, and sustained muscle contraction. Each of these events was blocked depending on the agent used, by the PKG inhibitor KT5823 or the PKA inhibitor myristoylated PKI. Inhibitors were used at a concentration (1 μM) previously shown by direct measurement of kinase activity to selectively inhibit the corresponding kinase. In muscle cells overexpressing the active phosphorylation site-deficient mutant RhoA188, MLC20 phosphorylation was partly inhibited by SNP, VIP, cBIMPS, and 8-pCPT-cGMP, suggesting the existence of an independent inhibitory mechanism downstream of RhoA. Results demonstrate that dephosphorylation of MLC20 and smooth muscle relaxation are preferentially mediated by PKG- and PKA-dependent phosphorylation and inactivation of RhoA.

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antikejang Ekstrak Etanol Daun Titanus (Leea Aequata L.) Terhadap Ileum Marmut Terpisah (Cavia Porcellus) Secara In Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 320-330
Author(s):  
Erikson Sinaga ◽  
Nahitma Ginting ◽  
Edy Suwarso
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Relaxation Effect ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Atropine Sulfate ◽  
Smooth Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Organ Bath

Titanus (Leea aequata L.) merupakan tumbuhan dari suku leeaceae yang digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional di daerah Tanah Karo, Provinsi Sumatera utara, sebagai obat luka dan obat anti tetanus. Salah satu tanda utama dari penyakit tetanus adalah spasme otot atau kejang disebagian atau seluruh tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antikejang berupa relaksasi dari ekstrak etanol daun titanus terhadap kontraksi ileum marmut terisolasi yang dikontrasikan dengan asetilkolin. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara in vitro menggunakan alat organ bath. Tahapan penelitian adalah persiapan bahan dan pengujian efek relaksasi ileum terpisah. Parameter yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah relaksasi otot polos ileum terpisah. Sebelum dilakukan pengujian, ileum marmut terpisah diekuilibrasi selama 45 menit sampai diperoleh kondisi yang stabil didalam larutan tyrode dengan suhu 37o C yang diaerasi dengan gas karbogen (O2:CO2) 95% : 5%. Pengujian efek relaksasi dilakukan setelah ileum marmut dikontraksi dengan asetilkolin, kemudian masing masing ileum diberikan konsentrasi kumulatif ekstrak daun titanus dan atropin sulfat . Hasil pengujian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol daun titanus memiliki efek relaksasi. Ekstrak etanol daun titanus pada konsentrasi 2,5mg/ml (105,4203±2,9151) mempunyai kemampuan yang tidak berbeda dengan atropin sulfat 1 x 10-5 (113,9796±4,5825) dalam menurunkan kontraksi otot polos ileum yang diinduksi oleh asetilkolin 1,889 x 10-4 M (p>0,005). Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun titanus mempunyai efek relaksasi terhadap otot polos ileum terpisah dengan kemampuan yang tidak jauh berbeda dengan atropin sulfat. Titanus (Leeaaequata L.) is a plant from Leeaceae family used in traditional medication in Tanah Karo, North Sumatera as wound and anti-tetanus medicine. One of the main signs of tetanus is muscle spasm or seizure in some or all parts of body. This research aimed to evaluatethe anti-seizure effect of titanus leaves ethanol extractsuch as relaxation isolated ileum of marmot which was contacted with acetylcholine. This research was conducted byin vitro studyusing organ bath instrument. The stages of this research were the material preparation and isolated ileum relaxation effect evaluation. The parameter measured in this research was the isolated ileum smooth muscle relaxation. Before the test, isolated marmot ileum was equilibrated for 45 minutes until the stable condition in tyrode solution was obtained at 37°C temperature which aerated with carbogen gas (O2:CO2) 95%:5%. The relaxation effect test was conducted aftermarmot ileum was contracted with acetylcholine, and then, titanus leaves extract and atropine sulfate were added to each ileumswith cumulative concentration. The result indicated that the titanus leaves ethanol extract had relaxation effect. Titanus Leaves ethanol extract in 2.5 mg/ml concentration (105.4203±2.9151) had the same ability as atropine sulfate 1x10-5 (113.9796±4.5825)in decreasing the ileum smooth muscle contraction induced with acetylcholine 1.889x10-4 M (p>0.005).It could be concluded that titanus leaves ethanol extract hasrelaxation effect to isolated ileum smooth muscle and it was not so different with atropine sulfate.

scholarly journals Concentration-dependent alpha1-Adrenoceptor Antagonism and Inhibition of Neurogenic Smooth Muscle Contraction by Mirabegron in the Human Prostate

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru Huang ◽  
Yuhan Liu ◽  
Anna Ciotkowska ◽  
Alexander Tamalunas ◽  
Raphaela Waidelich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Human Prostate ◽  
Smooth Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Camp Levels

Introduction: Mirabegron is available for treatment of storage symptoms in overactive bladder, which may be improved by β3-adrenoceptor-induced bladder smooth muscle relaxation. In addition to storage symptoms, lower urinary tract symptoms in men include obstructive symptoms attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia, caused by increased prostate smooth muscle tone and prostate enlargement. In contrast to the bladder and storage symptoms, effects of mirabegron on prostate smooth muscle contraction and obstructive symptoms are poorly understood. Evidence from non-human smooth muscle suggested antagonism of α1-adrenoceptors as an important off-target effect of mirabegron. As α1-adrenergic contraction is crucial in pathophysiology and medical treatment of obstructive symptoms, we here examined effects of mirabegron on contractions of human prostate tissues and on proliferation of prostate stromal cells.Methods: Contractions were induced in an organ bath. Effects of mirabegron on proliferation, viability, and cAMP levels in cultured stromal cells were examined by EdU assays, CCK-8 assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: Mirabegron in concentrations of 5 and 10 μM, but not 1 µM inhibited electric field stimulation-induced contractions of human prostate tissues. Mirabegron in concentrations of 5 and 10 µM shifted concentration response curves for noradrenaline-, methoxamine- and phenylephrine-induced contractions to the right, including recovery of contractions at high concentrations of α1-adrenergic agonists, increased EC50 values, but unchanged Emax values. Rightshifts of noradrenaline concentration response curves and inhibition of EFS-induced contractions were resistant to L-748,337, l-NAME, and BPIPP. 1 µM mirabegron was without effect on α1-adrenergic contractions. Endothelin-1- and U46619-induced contractions were not affected or only inhibited to neglectable extent. Effects of mirabegron (0.5–10 µM) on proliferation and viability of stromal cells were neglectable or small, reaching maximum decreases of 8% in proliferation assays and 17% in viability assays. Mirabegron did not induce detectable increases of cAMP levels in cultured stromal cells.Conclusion: Mirabegron inhibits neurogenic and α1-adrenergic human prostate smooth muscle contractions. This inhibition may be based on antagonism of α1-adrenoceptors by mirabegron, and does not include activation of β3-adrenoceptors and requires concentrations ranging 50-100fold higher than plasma concentrations reported from normal dosing. Non-adrenergic contractions and proliferation of prostate stromal cells are not inhibited by mirabegron.

scholarly journals The effects of wild-type and mutant SOD1 on smooth muscle contraction

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Nikolic-Kokic ◽  
Zorana Orescanin-Dusic ◽  
Ivan Spasojevic ◽  
Dusko Blagojevic ◽  
Zorica Stevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Smooth Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Transgenic Rat ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Ion Conducting ◽  
G93a Sod1

In this work we compared the mutated liver copper zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (SOD1) protein G93A of the transgenic rat model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS), to wild-type (WT) rat SOD1. We examined their enzymatic activities and effects on isometric contractions of uteri of healthy virgin rats. G93A SOD1 showed a slightly higher activity than WT SOD1 and, in contrast to WT SOD1, G93A SOD1 did not induce smooth muscle relaxation. This result indicates that effects on smooth muscles are not related to SOD1 enzyme activity and suggest that heterodimers of G93A SOD1 form an ion-conducting pore that diminishes the relaxatory effects of SOD1. We propose that this type of pathogenic feedback affects neurons in FALS.

Effect of Desmodium adscendens fractions on antigen- and arachidonic acid-induced contractions of guinea pig airways

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 820-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian E. Addy ◽  
John F. Burka
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Active Substances

Three fractions (n-butanol, F2, and L5), isolated from an aqueous extract of Desmodium adscendens, a plant used in Ghana for the management of asthma, were evaluated for their pharmacological activity using ovalbumin and arachidonic acid-induced contractions of guinea pig airways. All three fractions inhibited the ovalbumin-induced contractions of indomethacin-pretreated tracheal spirals from sensitized animals dose dependently, but only L5 and n-butanol inhibited such contractions in the absence of indomethacin. The concentrations required to inhibit ovalbumin-induced contractions of lung parenchymal strips were threefold higher than with trachea. The contractile response over a 60-min period was divided into three phases. F2 and n-butanol inhibited all phases, whereas L5 inhibited only the late phase. n-Butanol and L5 inhibited arachidonic acid-induced contractions on indomethacin-pretreated tracheal spirals, a leukotriene-dependent reaction. There was no inhibition of arachidonic acid-induced contractions of lung parenchymal strips, which is largely a thromboxane-dependent reaction. The results suggest that D. adscendens contains several pharmacologically active substances that can inhibit allergic airway smooth muscle contraction at multiple sites, including the synthesis and (or) activity of the bronchoconstrictor leukotrienes.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF IN-VITRO VASORELAXANT EFFECT (POTENTIAL ANTIHYPERTENSIVE) OF KIGELIA AFRICANA FRUIT METHANOL EXTRACT ON POTASSIUM CHLORIDE AND PHENYLEPHRINE INDUCED TENSION IN WISTAR RAT AORTA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-475
Author(s):  
A. O. Isah ◽  
M. Idu ◽  
A. A. Abdulrahman ◽  
F. Amaechina
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Smooth Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
Vasorelaxant Effect

This research on Kigelia africana was conducted in order to ascertain its ability to relax excited vascular smooth muscle in rat aorta. Preliminary investigation on whether the plant exhibits antihypertensive property was done before the evaluation of in vitro vasorelaxant effect. The vasorelaxant activity was determined using in vitro method on rat aorta with the aid of perfusion apparatus with a detachable organ bath. The administration of potassium chloride (KCl) raised the tension from 1.0 to 1.31 indicating that the aorta got to its peak of contraction. At 10 and 20mg/kg, the tension dropped significantly, showing relaxation of the smooth muscle while at 5mg/kg, drop in tension was insignificant at p˂0.05. However, at some of the doses, towards the end of experiment, there was steady resurge in tension showing that the aorta resumed contraction. On the application of phenylephrine (PE), the tension rose to 1.18g. On administration of the extract, the tension dropped slightly showing mild vascular smooth muscle relaxation. From the results obtained, there was seeming similarity in the action of the K. africana compared to amlodipine/Ramipril in KCl and PE induced tension in aorta respectively. However, at 10 and 20mg/kg, a substantial decrease in tension was noted indicating that the extract action is dose dependent. Thus, from this in-vitro smooth muscle relaxation study in rats, the methanol extract of K. africana has depressant property that was likely expressed by enhancing the closing of voltage operated calcium channel and ACE inhibiting activity in KCl and Phenylephrine induced tension respectively.

scholarly journals Investigating the effects of Inonotus rickii extracts on the muscle contraction intensity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramchandra Ranadive Kiran ◽  
J. Neeta Karale ◽  
Jagtap Nilesh Pradnya ◽  
Ivan V. Zmitrovich ◽  
Vladimir V. Perelygin
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Surgical Interventions

The aim of this study is to test the effect of aqueous, ethereal and alcoholic extracts of the fruit bodies of the wood-destroying fungus Inonotus rickii on locomotor activity resulting from contraction of both cross-striated and smooth muscles. The pharmacological activity of I. rickii raw materials was determined in vitro using the dose-response curve method (smooth muscles) and in experiments with oral intake of extracts (CNS-mediated effects on cross-lacing muscles). The aqueous extract of fungal material showed an increase in the motor activity of smooth muscles compared to standard caffeine, which indicates the ability of fungal extract to have a stimulating effect on the synapses. It was found that I. rickii extracts have an effect on smooth muscle contraction similar to the acetylcholine. It was shown that the greatest stimulating activity demonstrates an aqueous extract that may be a result of inhibitory effect of diethyl ether and ethanol on synapses. The described effects put on the agenda both the fractionation of active extracts and further experiments on the therapeutic applications of their described properties. As a field of possible application of this kind of substances can be considered the cardiovascular remodeling, the maintenance of smooth muscle tone during a number of surgical interventions, and the palliative cure of disseminated cancers.

scholarly journals Efeito do hexametônio sobre a contratilidade de músculo liso de cobaios provocada pelo extrato aquoso do fungo Ramaria Flavo Brunnescens

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Chagas ◽  
Zuleica Tabarelli ◽  
Ruben Boelter ◽  
Lisandre Kipper ◽  
Rejane Mello Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Guinea Pig Ileum ◽  
Strain Transducer ◽  
Fungus Extract ◽  
The Difference

Animals poisoning by ingestion of Ramaria flava brunnescens fungus found in Eucalipto groves is common in Southern Brazil. This poisoning does not have an effective antidote yet and it is common to avoid the toxicity by removing the animals from these fields or by using atropin when fungus intoxication signals appear. Present work was reallized to elucidate the manner and place of action of this fungus aqueous extract on isolated guinea pig ileum. For this purpose, we used Magnus Bath and strain transducer to Physiograph connect. Experiences were realized with 18 ileum tested with 10 mcg Nicotine. 24.600 mcg Ramaria flavo brunnescens fungus' aqueous extract and 30 mcg Hexametonium. Those concentrations were choosen from pilot experiences. The results showed that uses of this fungus extract provokes smooth muscle contraction similar to that of nicotin, the difference between both occurs due to Hexametone blockade impossibility. This fact suggests that the death mechanism of animals that eat this fungus is not due to ganglionar stimulation.

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