scholarly journals Investigating the effects of Inonotus rickii extracts on the muscle contraction intensity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramchandra Ranadive Kiran ◽  
J. Neeta Karale ◽  
Jagtap Nilesh Pradnya ◽  
Ivan V. Zmitrovich ◽  
Vladimir V. Perelygin
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Surgical Interventions

The aim of this study is to test the effect of aqueous, ethereal and alcoholic extracts of the fruit bodies of the wood-destroying fungus Inonotus rickii on locomotor activity resulting from contraction of both cross-striated and smooth muscles. The pharmacological activity of I. rickii raw materials was determined in vitro using the dose-response curve method (smooth muscles) and in experiments with oral intake of extracts (CNS-mediated effects on cross-lacing muscles). The aqueous extract of fungal material showed an increase in the motor activity of smooth muscles compared to standard caffeine, which indicates the ability of fungal extract to have a stimulating effect on the synapses. It was found that I. rickii extracts have an effect on smooth muscle contraction similar to the acetylcholine. It was shown that the greatest stimulating activity demonstrates an aqueous extract that may be a result of inhibitory effect of diethyl ether and ethanol on synapses. The described effects put on the agenda both the fractionation of active extracts and further experiments on the therapeutic applications of their described properties. As a field of possible application of this kind of substances can be considered the cardiovascular remodeling, the maintenance of smooth muscle tone during a number of surgical interventions, and the palliative cure of disseminated cancers.

scholarly journals Effects of Aqueous Extract of Curcuma Longa Rhizome On Motility of Isolated Rabbit Jejunum

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
B Umaru
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Smooth Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Rabbit Jejunum

Turmeric (curcuma longa) is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant of the ginger family and the order Zingerberales. It is widely cultivated and used in the treatment of various ailments. In this study, the effect of aqueous extract of C. longa on isolated rabbit jejunum was investigated in vitro using Physiograph (Meditech, India). The rhizome of Curcumin was extracted using Soxhlet extraction method and distilled water was used as a solvent. The elemental analysis was determined using AAS and the result revealed the presence of Potassium, Magnesium, Iron and Nitrogen. The percentage concentrations of trace elements in the aqueous Curcumin rhizome were within the WHO standard limit. The aqueous extract at concentration tested (100 mg/ml) significantly decreased (p<0.05) jejunum smooth muscle contraction. Addition of Atropine (1mM) or Propranolol (1mM) further decreased the amplitude of jejunum smooth muscle contraction. Curcumin rhizome (100 mg/ml) blocked contraction induced by Ach (0.001μg/ml). The result of this work has shown that rhizome of C. longa produced jejunum smooth muscle relaxation, plant extract with antispasmodic activity may reduce gastrointestinal motility thereby delay gastric emptying and may be important in treatment of disease ailments like diarrhoea and colic.

scholarly journals Inhibition by calponin of isometric force in demembranated vascular smooth muscle strips: the critical role of serine-175

1996 ◽  
Vol 319 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki UYAMA ◽  
Yuji IMAIZUMI ◽  
Minoru WATANABE ◽  
Michael P. WALSH
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Chicken Gizzard ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Permeabilized Muscle ◽  
Rat Tail

α-Calponin is a thin-filament-associated protein which has been implicated in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction. Quantification of the tissue content of rat tail arterial smooth muscle revealed approximately half the amount of α-calponin relative to actin compared with chicken gizzard and other smooth muscles, suggesting that this tissue would be particularly suitable for investigation of the effects of exogenous α-calponin on the contractile properties of permeabilized muscle strips. Rat tail arterial strips demembranated with Triton X-100 retained ≈ 90% of their complement of α-calponin, and exogenous chicken gizzard α-calponin (which conveniently has a slightly lower molecular mass than the rat arterial protein) bound to the permeabilized muscle, presumably through its high affinity for actin. Exogenous α-calponin inhibited force in demembranated muscle strips in a concentration-dependent manner when added at the peak of a submaximal Ca2+-induced contraction, with a half-maximal effect at ≈ 3 µM α-calponin. Pretreatment of demembranated muscle strips with α-calponin inhibited subsequent force development at all concentrations of Ca2+ examined over the activation range. The inhibitory effect of α-calponin was shown to be Ca2+-independent, since exogenous α-calponin also inhibited force in the absence of Ca2+ in demembranated muscle strips containing thiophosphorylated myosin. Phosphorylation of α-calponin on Ser-175 by protein kinase C has been suggested to alleviate the inhibitory effect of α-calponin on smooth muscle contraction. To test this hypothesis, the effects on Ca2+-induced and Ca2+-independent contractions of demembranated muscle strips of phosphorylated α-calponin and three site-specific mutants of α-calponin (in which Ser-175 was replaced by Ala, Asp or Thr) were compared with the effects of unphosphorylated tissue-purified and recombinant wild-type α-calponins. The recombinant wild-type protein behaved identically to the unphosphorylated tissue-purified protein, as did the S175T mutant, which is known to bind actin with high affinity and to inhibit the actin-activated myosin MgATPase in vitro. On the other hand, phosphorylated α-calponin and the S175A and S175D mutants, which bind weakly to actin and have little effect on the actin-activated myosin MgATPase in vitro, failed to cause significant inhibition of force induced by Ca2+ or myosin thiophosphorylation. These results support a role for α-calponin in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction and indicate the functional importance of Ser-175 of α-calponin as a regulatory site of phosphorylation.

Inhibition of dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium entry in hypoxic relaxation of airway smooth muscle

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (2) ◽  
pp. L201-L206 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Vannier ◽  
T. L. Croxton ◽  
L. S. Farley ◽  
C. A. Hirshman
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Bay K 8644 ◽  
O2 Concentration ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Progressive Hypoxia ◽  
Carbamyl Choline

Hypoxia dilates airways in vivo and reduces active tension of airway smooth muscle in vitro. To determine whether hypoxia impairs Ca2+ entry through voltage-dependent channels (VDC), we tested the ability of dihydropyridines to modulate hypoxia-induced relaxation of KCl- and carbamyl choline (carbachol)-contracted porcine bronchi. Carbachol- or KCl-contracted bronchial rings were exposed to progressive hypoxia in the presence or absence of 1 microM BAY K 8644 (an L-type-channel agonist). In separate experiments, rings were contracted with carbachol or KCl, treated with nifedipine (a VDC antagonist), and finally exposed to hypoxia. BAY K 8644 prevented hypoxia-induced relaxation in KCl-contracted bronchi. Nifedipine (10(-5) M) totally relaxed KCl- contracted bronchi. Carbachol-contracted bronchi were only partially relaxed by nifedipine but were completely relaxed when the O2 concentration of the gas was reduced from 95 to 0%. These data indicate that hypoxia can reduce airway smooth muscle tone by limiting entry of Ca2+ through a dihydropyridine-sensitive pathway, but that other mechanisms also contribute to hypoxia-induced relaxation of carbachol-contracted bronchi.

scholarly journals Contractile and Endothelium-Dependent Dilatory Responses of Cerebral Arteries at Various Extracellular Magnesium Concentrations

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Faragó ◽  
Csaba Szabó ◽  
Eörs Dóra ◽  
Ildikó Horváth ◽  
Arisztid G. B. Kovách
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Contractile Responses ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
The Right ◽  
Endothelial Receptor

To clarify the effect of extracellular magnesium (Mg2+) on the vascular reactivity of feline isolated middle cerebral arteries, the effects of slight alterations in the Mg2+ concentration on the contractile and endothelium-dependent dilatory responses were investigated in vitro. The contractions, induced by 10−8-10−5 M norepinephrine, were significantly potentiated at low Mg2+ (0.8 m M v. the normal, 1.2 m M). High (1.6 and 2.0 m M) Mg2+ exhibited an inhibitory effect on the contractile responses. No significant changes, however, in the EC50 values for norepinephrine were found. The endothelium-dependent relaxations induced by 108–10−5 M acetylcholine were inhibited by high (1.6 and 2.0 m M) Mg2+. Lowering of the Mg2+ concentration to 0.8 m M or total withdrawal of this ion from the medium failed to alter the dilatory potency of acetylcholine. The changes in the dilatory responses also shifted the EC50 values for acetylcholine to the right. The present results show that the contractile responses of the cerebral arteries are extremely susceptible to the changes of Mg2+ concentrations. In response to contractile and endothelium-dependent dilatory agonists, Mg2+ probably affects both the calcium influx into the endothelial and smooth muscle cells as well as the binding of acetylcholine to its endothelial receptor. Since Mg2+ deficiency might facilitate the contractile but not the endothelium-dependent relaxant responses, the present study supports a role for Mg2+ deficiency in the development of the cerebral vasospasm.

scholarly journals Aging-associated changes in microRNA expression profile of internal anal sphincter smooth muscle: Role of microRNA-133a

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (5) ◽  
pp. G964-G973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagmohan Singh ◽  
Ettickan Boopathi ◽  
Sankar Addya ◽  
Benjamin Phillips ◽  
Isidore Rigoutsos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Internal Anal Sphincter ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contractility ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Rhoa Signaling

A comprehensive genomic and proteomic, computational, and physiological approach was employed to examine the (previously unexplored) role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as regulators of internal anal sphincter (IAS) smooth muscle contractile phenotype and basal tone. miRNA profiling, genome-wide expression, validation, and network analyses were employed to assess changes in mRNA and miRNA expression in IAS smooth muscles from young vs. aging rats. Multiple miRNAs, including rno-miR-1, rno-miR-340-5p, rno-miR-185, rno-miR-199a-3p, rno-miR-200c, rno-miR-200b, rno-miR-31, rno-miR-133a, and rno-miR-206, were found to be upregulated in aging IAS. qPCR confirmed the upregulated expression of these miRNAs and downregulation of multiple, predicted targets ( Eln, Col3a1, Col1a1, Zeb2, Myocd, Srf, Smad1, Smad2, Rhoa/Rock2, Fn1, Tagln v2, Klf4, and Acta2) involved in regulation of smooth muscle contractility. Subsequent studies demonstrated an aging-associated increase in the expression of miR-133a, corresponding decreases in RhoA, ROCK2, MYOCD, SRF, and SM22α protein expression, RhoA-signaling, and a decrease in basal and agonist [U-46619 (thromboxane A2analog)]-induced increase in the IAS tone. Moreover, in vitro transfection of miR-133a caused a dose-dependent increase of IAS tone in strips, which was reversed by anti-miR-133a. Last, in vivo perianal injection of anti-miR-133a reversed the loss of IAS tone associated with age. This work establishes the important regulatory effect of miRNA-133a on basal and agonist-stimulated IAS tone. Moreover, reversal of age-associated loss of tone via anti-miR delivery strongly implicates miR dysregulation as a causal factor in the aging-associated decrease in IAS tone and suggests that miR-133a is a feasible therapeutic target in aging-associated rectoanal incontinence.

scholarly journals Development of mouthwash with Rosmarinus officinalis extract

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Moreira Baumgratz de Paula ◽  
Flávia Costa Moraes ◽  
Orlando Vieira de Souza ◽  
Célia Hitomi Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oral Infections

Rosmarinus officinalis, which belongs to the Lamiaceaefamily, is a species of medicinal flora with therapeutic properties. In order to exploit the benefits of these properties, a mouthwash formulation was developed, with careful selection of raw materials to meet pharmacotechnical requirements. Extracts of the plant were incorporated into a mouthwash, which was shown to have inhibitory action in vitro against the micro-organisms commonly found in periodontics. Controls for assessing the quality of the drugs were carried out, quantifying phenols and flavonoids as chemical markers. Mouthwash solutions were formulated containing 0.1, 5 and 10% ethanol extract of R. officinalis; and 0.05, 5 and 10% of the hexane fraction of R. officinalis. In order to evaluate synergism, ethanol extract and hexane fraction were also added to formulations containing 0.05% sodium fluoride and 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate. These formulations were assessed for inhibitory effect against the specific microorganisms involved in the process of bacterial plaque formation, S. mutans(ATCC25175) and C. albicans(ATCC 10231), frequently found in cases of oral infections. The agar diffusion method was used to evaluate the inhibitory activity of extracts and formulations. All mouthwash solutions displayed inhibitory activity having higher sensitivity to S. mutansfor the 5% ethanol extract+0.05% sodium fluoride, and greater sensitivity to C. albicansfor the 10% hexane fraction. Results were characterized by the appearance of a growth inhibition halo, justifying the utilization and association of extracts of R. officinalis.

Ca2+-independent contraction of longitudinal ileal smooth muscle is potentiated by a zipper-interacting protein kinase pseudosubstrate peptide

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (2) ◽  
pp. G361-G370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eikichi Ihara ◽  
Lori Moffat ◽  
Meredith A. Borman ◽  
Jennifer E. Amon ◽  
Michael P. Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Myosin Phosphatase ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Zipper Interacting Protein Kinase

As a regulator of smooth muscle contraction, zipper-interacting protein kinase (ZIPK) can directly phosphorylate the myosin regulatory light chains (LC20) and produce contractile force. Synthetic peptides (SM-1 and AV25) derived from the autoinhibitory region of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase can inhibit ZIPK activity in vitro. Paradoxically, treatment of Triton-skinned ileal smooth muscle strips with AV25, but not SM-1, potentiated Ca2+-independent, microcystin- and ZIPK-induced contractions. The AV25-induced potentiation was limited to ileal and colonic smooth muscles and was not observed in rat caudal artery. Thus the potentiation of Ca2+-independent contractions by AV25 appeared to be mediated by a mechanism unique to intestinal smooth muscle. AV25 treatment elicited increased phosphorylation of LC20 (both Ser-19 and Thr-18) and myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit (MYPT1, inhibitory Thr-697 site), suggesting involvement of a Ca2+-independent LC20 kinase with coincident inhibition of myosin phosphatase. The phosphorylation of the inhibitor of myosin phosphatase, CPI-17, was not affected. The AV25-induced potentiation was abolished by pretreatment with staurosporine, a broad-specificity kinase inhibitor, but specific inhibitors of Rho-associated kinase, PKC, and MAPK pathways had no effect. When a dominant-negative ZIPK [kinase-dead ZIPK(1–320)-D161A] was added to skinned ileal smooth muscle, the potentiation of microcystin-induced contraction by AV25 was blocked. Furthermore, pretreatment of skinned ileal muscle with SM-1 abolished AV25-induced potentiation. We conclude, therefore, that, even though AV25 is an in vitro inhibitor of ZIPK, activation of the ZIPK pathway occurs following application of AV25 to permeabilized ileal smooth muscle. Finally, we propose a mechanism whereby conformational changes in the pseudosubstrate region of ZIPK permit augmentation of ZIPK activity toward LC20 and MYPT1 in situ. AV25 or molecules based on its structure could be used in therapeutic situations to induce contractility in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract associated with hypomotility.

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