scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antikejang Ekstrak Etanol Daun Titanus (Leea Aequata L.) Terhadap Ileum Marmut Terpisah (Cavia Porcellus) Secara In Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 320-330
Author(s):  
Erikson Sinaga ◽  
Nahitma Ginting ◽  
Edy Suwarso
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Relaxation Effect ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Atropine Sulfate ◽  
Smooth Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Organ Bath

Titanus (Leea aequata L.) merupakan tumbuhan dari suku leeaceae yang digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional di daerah Tanah Karo, Provinsi Sumatera utara, sebagai obat luka dan obat anti tetanus. Salah satu tanda utama dari penyakit tetanus adalah spasme otot atau kejang disebagian atau seluruh tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antikejang berupa relaksasi dari ekstrak etanol daun titanus terhadap kontraksi ileum marmut terisolasi yang dikontrasikan dengan asetilkolin. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara in vitro menggunakan alat organ bath. Tahapan penelitian adalah persiapan bahan dan pengujian efek relaksasi ileum terpisah. Parameter yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah relaksasi otot polos ileum terpisah. Sebelum dilakukan pengujian, ileum marmut terpisah diekuilibrasi selama 45 menit sampai diperoleh kondisi yang stabil didalam larutan tyrode dengan suhu 37o C yang diaerasi dengan gas karbogen (O2:CO2) 95% : 5%. Pengujian efek relaksasi dilakukan setelah ileum marmut dikontraksi dengan asetilkolin, kemudian masing masing ileum diberikan konsentrasi kumulatif ekstrak daun titanus dan atropin sulfat . Hasil pengujian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol daun titanus memiliki efek relaksasi. Ekstrak etanol daun titanus pada konsentrasi 2,5mg/ml (105,4203±2,9151) mempunyai kemampuan yang tidak berbeda dengan atropin sulfat 1 x 10-5 (113,9796±4,5825) dalam menurunkan kontraksi otot polos ileum yang diinduksi oleh asetilkolin 1,889 x 10-4 M (p>0,005). Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun titanus mempunyai efek relaksasi terhadap otot polos ileum terpisah dengan kemampuan yang tidak jauh berbeda dengan atropin sulfat. Titanus (Leeaaequata L.) is a plant from Leeaceae family used in traditional medication in Tanah Karo, North Sumatera as wound and anti-tetanus medicine. One of the main signs of tetanus is muscle spasm or seizure in some or all parts of body. This research aimed to evaluatethe anti-seizure effect of titanus leaves ethanol extractsuch as relaxation isolated ileum of marmot which was contacted with acetylcholine. This research was conducted byin vitro studyusing organ bath instrument. The stages of this research were the material preparation and isolated ileum relaxation effect evaluation. The parameter measured in this research was the isolated ileum smooth muscle relaxation. Before the test, isolated marmot ileum was equilibrated for 45 minutes until the stable condition in tyrode solution was obtained at 37°C temperature which aerated with carbogen gas (O2:CO2) 95%:5%. The relaxation effect test was conducted aftermarmot ileum was contracted with acetylcholine, and then, titanus leaves extract and atropine sulfate were added to each ileumswith cumulative concentration. The result indicated that the titanus leaves ethanol extract had relaxation effect. Titanus Leaves ethanol extract in 2.5 mg/ml concentration (105.4203±2.9151) had the same ability as atropine sulfate 1x10-5 (113.9796±4.5825)in decreasing the ileum smooth muscle contraction induced with acetylcholine 1.889x10-4 M (p>0.005).It could be concluded that titanus leaves ethanol extract hasrelaxation effect to isolated ileum smooth muscle and it was not so different with atropine sulfate.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF IN-VITRO VASORELAXANT EFFECT (POTENTIAL ANTIHYPERTENSIVE) OF KIGELIA AFRICANA FRUIT METHANOL EXTRACT ON POTASSIUM CHLORIDE AND PHENYLEPHRINE INDUCED TENSION IN WISTAR RAT AORTA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-475
Author(s):  
A. O. Isah ◽  
M. Idu ◽  
A. A. Abdulrahman ◽  
F. Amaechina
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Smooth Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
Vasorelaxant Effect

This research on Kigelia africana was conducted in order to ascertain its ability to relax excited vascular smooth muscle in rat aorta. Preliminary investigation on whether the plant exhibits antihypertensive property was done before the evaluation of in vitro vasorelaxant effect. The vasorelaxant activity was determined using in vitro method on rat aorta with the aid of perfusion apparatus with a detachable organ bath. The administration of potassium chloride (KCl) raised the tension from 1.0 to 1.31 indicating that the aorta got to its peak of contraction. At 10 and 20mg/kg, the tension dropped significantly, showing relaxation of the smooth muscle while at 5mg/kg, drop in tension was insignificant at p˂0.05. However, at some of the doses, towards the end of experiment, there was steady resurge in tension showing that the aorta resumed contraction. On the application of phenylephrine (PE), the tension rose to 1.18g. On administration of the extract, the tension dropped slightly showing mild vascular smooth muscle relaxation. From the results obtained, there was seeming similarity in the action of the K. africana compared to amlodipine/Ramipril in KCl and PE induced tension in aorta respectively. However, at 10 and 20mg/kg, a substantial decrease in tension was noted indicating that the extract action is dose dependent. Thus, from this in-vitro smooth muscle relaxation study in rats, the methanol extract of K. africana has depressant property that was likely expressed by enhancing the closing of voltage operated calcium channel and ACE inhibiting activity in KCl and Phenylephrine induced tension respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of Aqueous Extract of Curcuma Longa Rhizome On Motility of Isolated Rabbit Jejunum

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
B Umaru
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Smooth Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Rabbit Jejunum

Turmeric (curcuma longa) is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant of the ginger family and the order Zingerberales. It is widely cultivated and used in the treatment of various ailments. In this study, the effect of aqueous extract of C. longa on isolated rabbit jejunum was investigated in vitro using Physiograph (Meditech, India). The rhizome of Curcumin was extracted using Soxhlet extraction method and distilled water was used as a solvent. The elemental analysis was determined using AAS and the result revealed the presence of Potassium, Magnesium, Iron and Nitrogen. The percentage concentrations of trace elements in the aqueous Curcumin rhizome were within the WHO standard limit. The aqueous extract at concentration tested (100 mg/ml) significantly decreased (p<0.05) jejunum smooth muscle contraction. Addition of Atropine (1mM) or Propranolol (1mM) further decreased the amplitude of jejunum smooth muscle contraction. Curcumin rhizome (100 mg/ml) blocked contraction induced by Ach (0.001μg/ml). The result of this work has shown that rhizome of C. longa produced jejunum smooth muscle relaxation, plant extract with antispasmodic activity may reduce gastrointestinal motility thereby delay gastric emptying and may be important in treatment of disease ailments like diarrhoea and colic.

scholarly journals Concentration-dependent alpha1-Adrenoceptor Antagonism and Inhibition of Neurogenic Smooth Muscle Contraction by Mirabegron in the Human Prostate

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru Huang ◽  
Yuhan Liu ◽  
Anna Ciotkowska ◽  
Alexander Tamalunas ◽  
Raphaela Waidelich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Human Prostate ◽  
Smooth Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Camp Levels

Introduction: Mirabegron is available for treatment of storage symptoms in overactive bladder, which may be improved by β3-adrenoceptor-induced bladder smooth muscle relaxation. In addition to storage symptoms, lower urinary tract symptoms in men include obstructive symptoms attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia, caused by increased prostate smooth muscle tone and prostate enlargement. In contrast to the bladder and storage symptoms, effects of mirabegron on prostate smooth muscle contraction and obstructive symptoms are poorly understood. Evidence from non-human smooth muscle suggested antagonism of α1-adrenoceptors as an important off-target effect of mirabegron. As α1-adrenergic contraction is crucial in pathophysiology and medical treatment of obstructive symptoms, we here examined effects of mirabegron on contractions of human prostate tissues and on proliferation of prostate stromal cells.Methods: Contractions were induced in an organ bath. Effects of mirabegron on proliferation, viability, and cAMP levels in cultured stromal cells were examined by EdU assays, CCK-8 assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: Mirabegron in concentrations of 5 and 10 μM, but not 1 µM inhibited electric field stimulation-induced contractions of human prostate tissues. Mirabegron in concentrations of 5 and 10 µM shifted concentration response curves for noradrenaline-, methoxamine- and phenylephrine-induced contractions to the right, including recovery of contractions at high concentrations of α1-adrenergic agonists, increased EC50 values, but unchanged Emax values. Rightshifts of noradrenaline concentration response curves and inhibition of EFS-induced contractions were resistant to L-748,337, l-NAME, and BPIPP. 1 µM mirabegron was without effect on α1-adrenergic contractions. Endothelin-1- and U46619-induced contractions were not affected or only inhibited to neglectable extent. Effects of mirabegron (0.5–10 µM) on proliferation and viability of stromal cells were neglectable or small, reaching maximum decreases of 8% in proliferation assays and 17% in viability assays. Mirabegron did not induce detectable increases of cAMP levels in cultured stromal cells.Conclusion: Mirabegron inhibits neurogenic and α1-adrenergic human prostate smooth muscle contractions. This inhibition may be based on antagonism of α1-adrenoceptors by mirabegron, and does not include activation of β3-adrenoceptors and requires concentrations ranging 50-100fold higher than plasma concentrations reported from normal dosing. Non-adrenergic contractions and proliferation of prostate stromal cells are not inhibited by mirabegron.

scholarly journals The effects of wild-type and mutant SOD1 on smooth muscle contraction

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Nikolic-Kokic ◽  
Zorana Orescanin-Dusic ◽  
Ivan Spasojevic ◽  
Dusko Blagojevic ◽  
Zorica Stevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Smooth Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Transgenic Rat ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Ion Conducting ◽  
G93a Sod1

In this work we compared the mutated liver copper zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (SOD1) protein G93A of the transgenic rat model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS), to wild-type (WT) rat SOD1. We examined their enzymatic activities and effects on isometric contractions of uteri of healthy virgin rats. G93A SOD1 showed a slightly higher activity than WT SOD1 and, in contrast to WT SOD1, G93A SOD1 did not induce smooth muscle relaxation. This result indicates that effects on smooth muscles are not related to SOD1 enzyme activity and suggest that heterodimers of G93A SOD1 form an ion-conducting pore that diminishes the relaxatory effects of SOD1. We propose that this type of pathogenic feedback affects neurons in FALS.

Corpus Cavernosal Smooth Muscle Relaxation Effect of a Novel AMPK Activator, Beta‐Lapachone

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2205-2214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Hyun Bae ◽  
Jin Wook Kim ◽  
Gi Ryang Kweon ◽  
Myoung Gyu Park ◽  
Kyeong‐Hoon Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Relaxation Effect ◽  
Smooth Muscle Relaxation

scholarly journals RELAXATION ACTIVITY OF TETANUS (LEEA AEQUATA L.) LEAF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT ON GUINEA PIG ISOLATED TRACHEA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahitma Ginting ◽  
Edy Suwarso ◽  
Daud Vincen Rumapea ◽  
Nerdy Nerdy
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Relaxation Effect ◽  
Atropine Sulfate ◽  
Relaxation Activity ◽  
Isolated Trachea ◽  
Acetylcholine Concentration

 Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the relaxation activity of the ethanolic extract of tetanus leaf (EETL) against contracting isolated guinea pig trachea induced by acetylcholine.Methods: Isolated trachea was equilibrated for 45 min until a stable condition in the Creb’s solution with a temperature of 37°C aerated with carbogen gas (O2:CO2=95%:5%). Test of the relaxation effect conducted after guinea pig trachea contracted with maximum acetylcholine concentration (EC80: 2.0449×10–3 mol) and then a cumulative with concentration of EETL (0.5 mg/mL–4 mg/mL) and concentration of atropine sulfate (6.95×10-6 mg/mL–2.08×10–2 mg/mL).Results: The results showed that EETL could lower the contraction smooth muscle of guinea pig trachea induced by acetylcholine. EETL at a concentration of 3.5 mg/mL had the ability to relax the muscle. It was not significantly different compared to that of atropine sulfate 6.95×10-3 mg/ mL (p>0.005).Conclusion: EETL has a relaxation effect on smooth muscle of guinea pig isolated trachea.

Differential effects of nitrovasodilators and nitric oxide on porcine tracheal and bronchial muscle in vitro

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 1142-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stuart-Smith ◽  
T. C. Bynoe ◽  
K. S. Lindeman ◽  
C. A. Hirshman
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Smooth Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Response Curves

Nitrovasodilators and nitric oxide relax airway smooth muscle. The mechanism by which nitrovasodilators are thought to act is by release of nitric oxide, but the importance of nitric oxide in nitrovasodilator-induced airway smooth muscle relaxation is unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the relaxing effects of nitric oxide itself with those of nitrovasodilators in porcine tracheal muscle and intrapulmonary airways and to investigate the mechanisms involved. Strips of porcine tracheal smooth muscle, rings of bronchi, and strips of bronchi from the same animal were suspended in organ chambers in modified Krebs Ringer solution (95% O2–5% CO2, 37 degrees C). Tissues were contracted with carbachol, and concentration-response curves to nitric oxide, sodium nitroprusside, and SIN-1 (an active metabolite of molsidomine) were obtained. All tissues relaxed to sodium nitroprusside, SIN-1, and nitric oxide. The relaxation to nitric oxide but not to SIN-1 or sodium nitroprusside was inhibited by methylene blue. Tissues pretreated with methylene blue that failed to relax to nitric oxide were, however, relaxed by sodium nitroprusside. These results demonstrate that nitrovasodilators relax airways by a mechanism other than by or in addition to the release of nitric oxide.

l-Glutamine in vitro regulates rat aortic glutamate content and modulates nitric oxide formation and contractility responses

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (1) ◽  
pp. C142-C151 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Schachter
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Smooth Muscle Relaxation ◽  
No Formation ◽  
Ketoacid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Glutamate Synthesis

These studies test the hypothesis that l-glutamine at its physiological plasma concentration, ∼0.5 mM, can increase tissue content and net synthesis of glutamate in rat aortic segments in vitro, thereby mediating relaxation of the underlying smooth muscle in the elastic reservoir region of the thoracic aorta. Aortic segments were incubated in an isotonic medium with and without 21 amino acids at their normal plasma concentrations. Of these amino acids only l-glutamine and l-leucine at their plasma concentrations increased glutamate synthesis and content. Tissue glutamate content resulting from increasing concentrations of each precursor reached an upper level of ∼1.3–1.6 μmol/g wet wt. Regulation of the tissue glutamate content involves an interaction of the synthetic pathways in which l-glutamine inhibits the endothelial leucine-to-glutamate pathway. l-Glutamine increases nitric oxide (NO) formation, and NO inhibits the controlling enzyme of the endothelial leucine-to-glutamate pathway, the branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex. Treatment of precontracted aortic rings with 0.5 mM l-glutamine elicits smooth muscle relaxation, a response that requires endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and an intact endothelium. The results demonstrate that in vitro l-glutamine at its normal concentration in plasma can regulate rat aortic glutamate content and modulate NO formation and contractility responses of the thoracic aortic wall.

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