scholarly journals A Survey of Fast Recovery Mechanisms in the Data Plane

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Chiesa ◽  
Andrzej Kamisiński ◽  
Jacek Rak ◽  
Gábor Rétvári ◽  
Stefan Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Software Defined Networks ◽  
Fast Recovery ◽  
Open Research ◽  
Data Plane ◽  
Recovery Mechanisms ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Networking Technologies ◽  
Over Time

In order to meet their stringent dependability requirements, most modern communication networks support fast-recovery mechanisms in the data plane. While reactions to failures in the data plane can be significantly faster compared to control plane mechanisms, implementing fast recovery in the data plane is challenging, and has recently received much attention in the literature. This survey presents a systematic, tutorial-like overview of packet-based fast-recovery mechanisms in the data plane, focusing on concepts but structured around different networking technologies, from traditional link-layer and IP-based mechanisms, over BGP and MPLS to emerging software-defined networks and programmable data planes. We examine the evolution of fast-recovery standards and mechanisms over time, and identify and discuss the fundamental principles and algorithms underlying different mechanisms. We then present a taxonomy of the state of the art and compile open research questions.<br>

scholarly journals A Survey of Fast Recovery Mechanisms in the Data Plane

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Chiesa ◽  
Andrzej Kamisiński ◽  
Jacek Rak ◽  
Gábor Rétvári ◽  
Stefan Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Software Defined Networks ◽  
Fast Recovery ◽  
Open Research ◽  
Data Plane ◽  
Recovery Mechanisms ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Networking Technologies ◽  
Over Time

In order to meet their stringent dependability requirements, most modern communication networks support fast-recovery mechanisms in the data plane. While reactions to failures in the data plane can be significantly faster compared to control plane mechanisms, implementing fast recovery in the data plane is challenging, and has recently received much attention in the literature. This survey presents a systematic, tutorial-like overview of packet-based fast-recovery mechanisms in the data plane, focusing on concepts but structured around different networking technologies, from traditional link-layer and IP-based mechanisms, over BGP and MPLS to emerging software-defined networks and programmable data planes. We examine the evolution of fast-recovery standards and mechanisms over time, and identify and discuss the fundamental principles and algorithms underlying different mechanisms. We then present a taxonomy of the state of the art and compile open research questions.<br>

scholarly journals Fast Recovery Mechanisms in the Data Plane

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Chiesa ◽  
Andrzej Kamisiński ◽  
Jacek Rak ◽  
Gábor Rétvári ◽  
Stefan Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Software Defined Networks ◽  
Fast Recovery ◽  
Link Layer ◽  
Open Research ◽  
Data Plane ◽  
Recovery Mechanisms ◽  
Networking Technologies ◽  
Over Time

<div>In order to meet their stringent dependability requirements, most modern communication networks support fast-recovery mechanisms in the data plane. While reactions to failures in the data plane can be significantly faster compared to control plane mechanisms, implementing fast recovery in the data plane is challenging, and has recently received much attention in the literature. This tutorial presents a systematic overview of packet-based fast-recovery mechanisms in the data plane, focusing on concepts but structured around different networking technologies, from traditional link-layer and IP-based mechanisms, over BGP and MPLS to emerging software-defined networks and programmable dataplanes. We examine the evolution of fast-recovery standards and mechanisms over time, and identify and discuss the fundamental principles and algorithms underlying different mechanisms. We then present a taxonomy of the state-of-the-art and compile open research</div><div>questions.</div>

scholarly journals Users roles identification on online crowdsourced Q&A platforms and encyclopedias: a survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akrati Saxena ◽  
Harita Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Informal Learning ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Online Discussion ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Open Research ◽  
Research Questions

AbstractOnline informal learning and knowledge-sharing platforms, such as Stack Exchange, Reddit, and Wikipedia have been a great source of learning. Millions of people access these websites to ask questions, answer the questions, view answers, or check facts. However, one interesting question that has always attracted the researchers is if all the users share equally on these portals, and if not then how the contribution varies across users, and how it is distributed? Do different users focus on different kinds of activities and play specific roles? In this work, we present a survey of users’ social roles that have been identified on online discussion and Q&A platforms including Usenet newsgroups, Reddit, Stack Exchange, and MOOC forums, as well as on crowdsourced encyclopedias, such as Wikipedia, and Baidu Baike, where users interact with each other through talk pages. We discuss the state of the art on capturing the variety of users roles through different methods including the construction of user network, analysis of content posted by users, temporal analysis of user activity, posting frequency, and so on. We also discuss the available datasets and APIs to collect the data from these platforms for further research. The survey is concluded with open research questions.

scholarly journals A Survey of Privacy Vulnerabilities of Mobile Device Sensors

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Delgado-Santos ◽  
Giuseppe Stragapede ◽  
Ruben Tolosana ◽  
Richard Guest ◽  
Farzin Deravi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Data Utility ◽  
Open Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Behaviour Recognition ◽  
Critical Aspects

The number of mobile devices, such as smartphones and smartwatches, is relentlessly increasing to almost 6.8 billion by 2022, and along with it, the amount of personal and sensitive data captured by them. This survey overviews the state of the art of what personal and sensitive user attributes can be extracted from mobile device sensors, emphasising critical aspects such as demographics, health and body features, activity and behaviour recognition, etc. In addition, we review popular metrics in the literature to quantify the degree of privacy, and discuss powerful privacy methods to protect the sensitive data while preserving data utility for analysis. Finally, open research questions are presented for further advancements in the field.

Survey on Blockchain Networking

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Maya Dotan ◽  
Yvonne-Anne Pignolet ◽  
Stefan Schmid ◽  
Saar Tochner ◽  
Aviv Zohar
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Systems ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Neighbor Discovery ◽  
Protocol Stack ◽  
Application Domain ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Open Research

Blockchains, in general, and cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, in particular, are realized using distributed systems and hence critically rely on the performance and security of the interconnecting network. The requirements on these networks and their usage, however, can differ significantly from traditional communication networks, with implications on all layers of the protocol stack. This article is motivated by these differences and, in particular, by the observation that many fundamental design aspects of these networks are not well-understood today. To support the networking community to contribute to this emerging application domain, we present a structured overview of the field, from topology and neighbor discovery, over block and transaction propagation, to sharding and off-chain networks, also reviewing existing empirical results from different measurement studies. In particular, for each of these domains, we provide the context, highlighting differences and commonalities with traditional networks, review the state-of-the-art, and identify open research challenges. Our article can hence also be seen as a call-to-arms to improve the foundation on top of which blockchains are built.

scholarly journals Resource Management in SDN-Based Cloud and SDN-Based Fog Computing: Taxonomy Study

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 734
Author(s):  
Amirah Alomari ◽  
Shamala K. Subramaniam ◽  
Normalia Samian ◽  
Rohaya Latip ◽  
Zuriati Zukarnain
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Energy Optimization ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Software Defined Networks ◽  
Control Plane ◽  
Data Plane ◽  
Open Issues

Software-defined networks (SDN) is an evolution in networking field where the data plane is separated from the control plane and all the controlling and management tasks are deployed in a centralized controller. Due to its features regarding ease management, it is emerged in other fields such as cloud and fog computing in order to manage asymmetric communication across nodes, thus improving the performance and reducing the power consumption. This study focused on research that were conducted in SDN-based clouds and SDN-based fogs. It overviewed the important contributions in SDN clouds in terms of improving network performances and energy optimization. Moreover, state-of-the-art studies in SDN fogs are presented. The features, methods, environment, dataset, simulation tool and main contributions are highlighted. Finally, the open issues related to both SDN clouds and SDN fogs are defined and discussed.

scholarly journals Teamwork for Multi-Robot Systems in Dynamic Environments

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Geihs
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Conceptual Modeling ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Open Research ◽  
Robot Systems ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Multi Robot

The increasing number of robots around us will soon create a demand for connecting these robots in order to achieve goal-driven teamwork in heterogeneous multi-robot systems. In this paper, we focus on robot teamwork specifically in dynamic environments. While the conceptual modeling of multi-agent teamwork has been studied extensively during the last two decades, related engineering concerns have not received the same degree of attention. Therefore, this paper makes two contributions. The analysis part discusses general design challenges that apply to robot teamwork in dynamic application domains. The constructive part presents a review of existing engineering approaches for challenges that arise with dynamically changing runtime conditions. An exhaustive survey of robot teamwork aspects would be beyond the scope of this paper. Instead, we aim at creating awareness for the manifold dimensions of the design space and highlight state-of-the-art technical solutions for dynamically adaptive teamwork, thus pointing at open research questions that need to be tackled in future work.

A Legitimacy Crisis of Representative Democracy?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Thomassen ◽  
Carolien van Ham
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Short Description ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Systematic Fashion ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Established Democracies ◽  
Legitimacy Crisis

This chapter presents the research questions and outline of the book, providing a brief review of the state of the art of legitimacy research in established democracies, and discusses the recurring theme of crisis throughout this literature since the 1960s. It includes a discussion of the conceptualization and measurement of legitimacy, seeking to relate legitimacy to political support, and reflecting on how to evaluate empirical indicators: what symptoms indicate crisis? This chapter further explains the structure of the three main parts of the book. Part I evaluates in a systematic fashion the empirical evidence for legitimacy decline in established democracies; Part II reappraises the validity of theories of legitimacy decline; and Part II investigates what (new) explanations can account for differences in legitimacy between established democracies. The chapter concludes with a short description of the chapters included in the volume.

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